CYBERMED LIFE - ORGANIC  & NATURAL LIVING

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM; simplified Chinese: 中医; traditional Chinese: 中醫; pinyin: Zhōngyī) is a style of traditional medicine built on a foundation of more than 2,500 years of Chinese medical practice that includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage (tui na), exercise (qigong), and dietary therapy, but recently also influenced by modern Western medicine. TCM is widely used in Greater China (where it has long been the standard system of medicine), and is becoming increasingly popular and recognized worldwide (where it is primarily approached as alternative medicine).

One of the basic tenets of TCM is that "the body's vital energy (ch'i or qi) circulates through channels, called meridians, that have branches connected to bodily organs and functions." Concepts of the body and of disease used in TCM reflect its ancient origins and its emphasis on dynamic processes over material structure, similar to European humoral theory. Scientific investigation has not found histological or physiological evidence for traditional Chinese concepts such as qi, meridians, and acupuncture points. The TCM theory and practice are not based upon scientific knowledge, and there is disagreement between TCM practitioners on what diagnosis and treatments should be used for any given patient. The effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine remains poorly researched and documented. There are concerns over a number of potentially toxic plants, animal parts, and mineral Chinese medicinals. There are also concerns over illegal trade and transport of endangered species including rhinoceroses and tigers, and the welfare of specially farmed animals including bears. A review of cost-effectiveness research for TCM found that studies had low levels of evidence, but so far have not shown benefit outcomes. Pharmaceutical research has explored the potential for creating new drugs from traditional remedies, with few successful results. A Nature editorial described TCM as "fraught with pseudoscience", and said that the most obvious reason it hasn't delivered many cures is that the majority of its treatments have no logical mechanism of action. Proponents propose that research has so far missed key features of the art of TCM, such as unknown interactions between various ingredients and complex interactive biological systems.

The doctrines of Chinese medicine are rooted in books such as the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon and the Treatise on Cold Damage, as well as in cosmological notions such as yin-yang and the five phases. Starting in the 1950s, these precepts were standardized in the People's Republic of China, including attempts to integrate them with modern notions of anatomy and pathology. In the 1950s, the Chinese government promoted a systematized form of TCM.

While health is perceived as the harmonious interaction of these entities and the outside world, disease is interpreted as a disharmony in interaction. TCM diagnosis aims to trace symptoms to patterns of an underlying disharmony, by measuring the pulse, inspecting the tongue, skin, and eyes, and looking at the eating and sleeping habits of the person as well as many other things.

Traces of therapeutic activities in China date from the Shang dynasty (14th–11th centuries BCE). Though the Shang did not have a concept of "medicine" as distinct from other fields, their oracular inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells refer to illnesses that affected the Shang royal family: eye disorders, toothaches, bloated abdomen, etc., which Shang elites usually attributed to curses sent by their ancestors. There is no evidence that the Shang nobility used herbal remedies. According to a 2006 overview, the "Documentation of Chinese materia medica (CMM) dates back to around 1,100 BCE when only dozens of drugs were first described. By the end of the 16th century, the number of drugs documented had reached close to 1,900. And by the end of the last century, published records of CMM had reached 12,800 drugs."

Stone and bone needles found in ancient tombs led Joseph Needham to speculate that acupuncture might have been carried out in the Shang dynasty. This being said, most historians now make a distinction between medical lancing (or bloodletting) and acupuncture in the narrower sense of using metal needles to treat illnesses by stimulating specific points along circulation channels ("meridians") in accordance with theories related to the circulation of Qi. The earliest evidence for acupuncture in this sense dates to the second or first century BCE.

The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon (Huang Di Nei Jing), the oldest received work of Chinese medical theory, was compiled around the first century BCE on the basis of shorter texts from different medical lineages. Written in the form of dialogues between the legendary Yellow Emperor and his ministers, it offers explanations on the relation between humans, their environment, and the cosmos, on the contents of the body, on human vitality and pathology, on the symptoms of illness, and on how to make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in light of all these factors. Unlike earlier texts like Recipes for Fifty-Two Ailments, which was excavated in the 1970s from a tomb that had been sealed in 168 BCE, the Inner Canon rejected the influence of spirits and the use of magic It was also one of the first books in which the cosmological doctrines of Yinyang and the Five Phases were brought to a mature synthesis.

The Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders and Miscellaneous Illnesses (Shang Han Lun) was collated by Zhang Zhongjing sometime between 196 and 220 CE; at the end of the Han dynasty. Focusing on drug prescriptions rather than acupuncture, it was the first medical work to combine Yinyang and the Five Phases with drug therapy. This formulary was also the earliest public Chinese medical text to group symptoms into clinically useful "patterns" (zheng 證) that could serve as targets for therapy. Having gone through numerous changes over time, the formulary now circulates as two distinct books: the Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders and the Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket, which were edited separately in the eleventh century, under the Song dynasty.

In the centuries that followed, several shorter books tried to summarize or systematize its contents of the book Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon. The Canon of Problems (probably second century CE) tried to reconcile divergent doctrines from the Inner Canon and developed a complete medical system centered on needling therapy. The AB Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Zhenjiu jiayi jing 針灸甲乙經, compiled by Huangfu Mi sometime between 256 and 282 CE) assembled a consistent body of doctrines concerning acupuncture; whereas the Canon of the Pulse (Maijing 脈經; ca. 280) presented itself as a "comprehensive handbook of diagnostics and therapy."

In 1950, Chairman Mao Zedong made a speech in support of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) which was influenced by political necessity. Mao believed he and the Chinese Communist Party should promote TCM but he did not personally believe in TCM and he did not use it. In 1952, the president of the Chinese Medical Association said that, "This One Medicine, will possess a basis in modern natural sciences, will have absorbed the ancient and the new, the Chinese and the foreign, all medical achievements—and will be China’s New Medicine!"

  • A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)📎

    Abstract Title:

    A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version).

    Abstract Source:

    Mil Med Res. 2020 Feb 6 ;7(1):4. Epub 2020 Feb 6. PMID: 32029004

    Abstract Author(s):

    Ying-Hui Jin, Lin Cai, Zhen-Shun Cheng, Hong Cheng, Tong Deng, Yi-Pin Fan, Cheng Fang, Di Huang, Lu-Qi Huang, Qiao Huang, Yong Han, Bo Hu, Fen Hu, Bing-Hui Li, Yi-Rong Li, Ke Liang, Li-Kai Lin, Li-Sha Luo, Jing Ma, Lin-Lu Ma, Zhi-Yong Peng, Yun-Bao Pan, Zhen-Yu Pan, Xue-Qun Ren, Hui-Min Sun, Ying Wang, Yun-Yun Wang, Hong Weng, Chao-Jie Wei, Dong-Fang Wu, Jian Xia, Yong Xiong, Hai-Bo Xu, Xiao-Mei Yao, Yu-Feng Yuan, Tai-Sheng Ye, Xiao-Chun Zhang, Ying-Wen Zhang, Yin-Gao Zhang, Hua-Min Zhang, Yan Zhao, Ming-Juan Zhao, Hao Zi, Xian-Tao Zeng, Yong-Yan Wang, Xing-Huan Wang,

    Article Affiliation:

    Ying-Hui Jin

    Abstract:

    In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)"by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world's attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.

  • A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)📎

    Abstract Title:

    A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version).

    Abstract Source:

    Mil Med Res. 2020 Feb 6 ;7(1):4. Epub 2020 Feb 6. PMID: 32029004

    Abstract Author(s):

    Ying-Hui Jin, Lin Cai, Zhen-Shun Cheng, Hong Cheng, Tong Deng, Yi-Pin Fan, Cheng Fang, Di Huang, Lu-Qi Huang, Qiao Huang, Yong Han, Bo Hu, Fen Hu, Bing-Hui Li, Yi-Rong Li, Ke Liang, Li-Kai Lin, Li-Sha Luo, Jing Ma, Lin-Lu Ma, Zhi-Yong Peng, Yun-Bao Pan, Zhen-Yu Pan, Xue-Qun Ren, Hui-Min Sun, Ying Wang, Yun-Yun Wang, Hong Weng, Chao-Jie Wei, Dong-Fang Wu, Jian Xia, Yong Xiong, Hai-Bo Xu, Xiao-Mei Yao, Yu-Feng Yuan, Tai-Sheng Ye, Xiao-Chun Zhang, Ying-Wen Zhang, Yin-Gao Zhang, Hua-Min Zhang, Yan Zhao, Ming-Juan Zhao, Hao Zi, Xian-Tao Zeng, Yong-Yan Wang, Xing-Huan Wang,

    Article Affiliation:

    Ying-Hui Jin

    Abstract:

    In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)"by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world's attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.

  • Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs📎

    Abstract Title:

    Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs.

    Abstract Source:

    Chin J Integr Med. 2020 Feb 17. Epub 2020 Feb 17. PMID: 32065348

    Abstract Author(s):

    Hui Luo, Qiao-Ling Tang, Ya-Xi Shang, Shi-Bing Liang, Ming Yang, Nicola Robinson, Jian-Ping Liu

    Article Affiliation:

    Hui Luo

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE:Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine (CM) for the prevention. In order to provide evidence for CM recommendations, we reviewed ancient classics and human studies.

    METHODS:Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics, clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza, and CM prevention programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from different databases and websites till 12 February, 2020. Research evidence included data from clinical trials, cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases.

    RESULTS:The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) where preventive effects were recorded. There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza. None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies. The infection rate of H1N1 influenza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.52; n=4). For prevention of COVID-19, 23 provinces in China issued CM programs. The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathogens, disperse wind and discharge heat, and resolve dampness. The most frequently used herbs included Radix astragali (Huangqi), Radix glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Radix saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Jinyinhua), and Fructus forsythia (Lianqiao).

    CONCLUSIONS:Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM.

  • Can herbal medicine assist against avian flu? Learning from the experience of using supplementary treatment with Chinese medicine on SARS or SARS-like infectious disease in 2003.

    Abstract Title:

    Can herbal medicine assist against avian flu? Learning from the experience of using supplementary treatment with Chinese medicine on SARS or SARS-like infectious disease in 2003.

    Abstract Source:

    J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(6):505-6. PMID: 16884338

    Abstract Author(s):

    Chung-Hua Hsu, Kung-Chang Hwang, Chung-Liang Chao, Steve G N Chang, Mei-Shang Ho, Pesus Chou

    Article Affiliation:

    Chung-Hua Hsu

    Abstract:

    [n/a]

  • Can herbal medicine assist against avian flu? Learning from the experience of using supplementary treatment with Chinese medicine on SARS or SARS-like infectious disease in 2003.

    Abstract Title:

    Can herbal medicine assist against avian flu? Learning from the experience of using supplementary treatment with Chinese medicine on SARS or SARS-like infectious disease in 2003.

    Abstract Source:

    J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(6):505-6. PMID: 16884338

    Abstract Author(s):

    Chung-Hua Hsu, Kung-Chang Hwang, Chung-Liang Chao, Steve G N Chang, Mei-Shang Ho, Pesus Chou

    Article Affiliation:

    Chung-Hua Hsu

    Abstract:

    [n/a]

  • Changes in CD23 expression of blood and skin in atopic eczema after Chinese herbal therapy.

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    Abstract Title:

    Changes in CD23 expression of blood and skin in atopic eczema after Chinese herbal therapy.

    Abstract Source:

    Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Mar;28(3):306-14. PMID: 9543080

    Abstract Author(s):

    P Banerjee, X J Xu, L W Poulter, M H Rustin

    Article Affiliation:

    Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Aberrant expression of CD23 (low affinity IgE receptor) on cells of the monocyte/macrophage series in peripheral blood and lesional skin of patients with atopic eczema has been demonstrated. It is not known whether this abnormality results from a fundamental systemic problem of the monocytes of these patients or reflects local changes to cell populations within the skin tissues.

    OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to determine whether this aberrant expression was caused by local cutaneous influences on mature cells or fundamental changes in monocyte differentiation. The possible relationship between these aberrations and clinical severity was also investigated by repeating these immunopathological studies after a course of efficacious treatment with Chinese herbal therapy (CHT).

    METHODS:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from patients with atopic eczema before, and after 8 weeks of treatment. Efficacy of CHT was quantified on clinical grounds. Monocytes were isolated by adherence to plastic and cultured for up to 7 days. Samples were harvested at 2, 5 and 7 days of culture and cytospins prepared. Immunocytochemical staining to identify phenotypic subsets was performed on the monocytes at time 0 and on maturing cells from culture. This immunocytology was quantified using computerized image analysis equipment to determine the emergence of macrophage subsets and their level of CD23 expression. Biopsies were taken from lesional skin before and after treatment and immunohistology was performed on cryostat sections to determine the number of antigen presenting cells expressing CD23 as well as the level of expression of these molecules.

    RESULTS:The results showed that increased numbers of monocytes from patients with atopic eczema express CD23 at day 0 and that cultured monocytes from these patients differentiate faster during the 7 day culture period as compared to normal controls. Efficacious treatment did not affect the number of peripheral blood monocytes expressing CD23. However, treatment did lead to a significant decrease in the number of CD23+ mature macrophages in the skin as well as a reduction in the level of expression of this moiety. These results demonstrate that changes in clinical severity are more closely related to the expression of CD23 on mature antigen presenting cells in lesional skin rather than to differentiating peripheral blood monocyte CD23 expression.

    CONCLUSIONS:These results suggests that local factors within lesional skin govern the accumulation and the expression of CD23 on mature macrophages and that these factors may be more relevant to the pathogenesis of the disease than aberrations in CD23 expression that may occur systemically.

  • Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)📎

    Abstract Title:

    Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

    Abstract Source:

    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17 ;10:CD004882. Epub 2012 Oct 17. PMID: 23076910

    Abstract Author(s):

    Xuemei Liu, Mingming Zhang, Lin He, Youping Li

    Article Affiliation:

    Xuemei Liu

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, which first appeared in Foshan City, China on 22 December 2002. Chinese herbs were used in its treatment.

    OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the possible effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines versus Western medicines alone for SARS patients.

    SEARCH METHODS:We searched CENTRAL 2012, Issue 3, MEDLINE (1966 to February Week 4, 2012), EMBASE (1990 to March 2012) and the Chinese Biomedical Literature (Issue 3, 2012).

    SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines versus Western medicines alone for patients diagnosed with SARS.

    DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Two review authors (XL, MZ) independently extracted trial data. We extracted dichotomous and continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For dichotomous data, we used risk ratio (RR). For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD). We calculated overall results based on the random-effects model if heterogeneity existed between studies. If no heterogeneity was detected between the studies, we used the fixed-effect model. We used the Z score and the Chi(2) test with significance being set at P<0.05 to test heterogeneity. No severe adverse events were reported.

    MAIN RESULTS:We included 12 RCTs and one quasi-RCT. A total of 640 SARS patients and 12 Chinese herbs were identified. We did not find Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines decreased mortality versus Western medicines alone. Two herbs may improve symptoms. Five herbs may improve lung infiltrate absorption. Four herbs may decrease the dosage of corticosteroids. Three herbs may improve the quality of life of SARS patients. One herb may shorten the length of hospital stay.

    AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines made no difference in decreasing mortality versus Western medicines alone. It is possible that Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines may improve symptoms, quality of life and absorption of pulmonary infiltration, and decrease the corticosteroid dosage for SARS patients. The evidence is weak because of the poor quality of the included trials. Long-term follow-up of these included trials is needed.

  • Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)📎

    Abstract Title:

    Chinese herbs combined with Western medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

    Abstract Source:

    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17 ;10:CD004882. Epub 2012 Oct 17. PMID: 23076910

    Abstract Author(s):

    Xuemei Liu, Mingming Zhang, Lin He, Youping Li

    Article Affiliation:

    Xuemei Liu

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, which first appeared in Foshan City, China on 22 December 2002. Chinese herbs were used in its treatment.

    OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the possible effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines versus Western medicines alone for SARS patients.

    SEARCH METHODS:We searched CENTRAL 2012, Issue 3, MEDLINE (1966 to February Week 4, 2012), EMBASE (1990 to March 2012) and the Chinese Biomedical Literature (Issue 3, 2012).

    SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines versus Western medicines alone for patients diagnosed with SARS.

    DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Two review authors (XL, MZ) independently extracted trial data. We extracted dichotomous and continuous data with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For dichotomous data, we used risk ratio (RR). For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD). We calculated overall results based on the random-effects model if heterogeneity existed between studies. If no heterogeneity was detected between the studies, we used the fixed-effect model. We used the Z score and the Chi(2) test with significance being set at P<0.05 to test heterogeneity. No severe adverse events were reported.

    MAIN RESULTS:We included 12 RCTs and one quasi-RCT. A total of 640 SARS patients and 12 Chinese herbs were identified. We did not find Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines decreased mortality versus Western medicines alone. Two herbs may improve symptoms. Five herbs may improve lung infiltrate absorption. Four herbs may decrease the dosage of corticosteroids. Three herbs may improve the quality of life of SARS patients. One herb may shorten the length of hospital stay.

    AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines made no difference in decreasing mortality versus Western medicines alone. It is possible that Chinese herbs combined with Western medicines may improve symptoms, quality of life and absorption of pulmonary infiltration, and decrease the corticosteroid dosage for SARS patients. The evidence is weak because of the poor quality of the included trials. Long-term follow-up of these included trials is needed.

  • Clinical and experimental study on retardation of immunosenescence by kidney tonifying principle

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    Abstract Title:

    [Clinical and experimental study on retardation of immunosenescence by kidney tonifying principle].

    Abstract Source:

    J Med Food. 2007 Dec;10(4):689-93. PMID: 12585100

    Abstract Author(s):

    Zi-yin Shen, Zhen Zheng, Wei-min Guo

    Article Affiliation:

    Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040.

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical curative effect of Kidney tonifying method on retardation of immunosenescence and corresponding experimental study.

    METHODS:A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial was used (RCT) on 22 pairs of aged subjects to elucidate the effect of Kidney tonifying recipe on the peripheral T-lymphocyte apoptosis and the Fas/FasL gene expression in them. In rats experimental study, the effects of two kinds of Chinese recipes (Kidney tonifying recipe and blood circulation promoting recipe) on the same parameters as in clinical study as well as on cell apoptosis and gene expression regulation in old rats were also observed.

    RESULTS:Clinical study showed that after treatment, the percentage of T-lymphocyte apoptosis and the FasL gene expression in the Kidney tonifying group of aged subjects were lower than those in the placebo group (P<0.01). Animal experiment showed the same result as shown in clinical study in Kidney tonifying recipe treated rats, but not shown in those treated with blood circulation promoting recipe statistically.

    CONCLUSION:Kidney tonifying principle has down-regulating effect on the transcription of apoptotic gene in both aged persons and old rats, this is one of the molecular mechanisms of Kidney tonifying method in decreasing over-apoptosis in aged subjects and old rats.

  • Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment📎

    Abstract Title:

    Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment.

    Abstract Source:

    Biosci Trends. 2020 Feb 9. Epub 2020 Feb 9. PMID: 32037389

    Abstract Author(s):

    Zhenwei Wang, Xiaorong Chen, Yunfei Lu, Feifei Chen, Wei Zhang

    Article Affiliation:

    Zhenwei Wang

    Abstract:

    Pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. No effective antiviral treatment has been verified thus far. We report here the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four patients with mild or severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. All the patients were given antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine) and other necessary support care. After treatment, three patients gained significant improvement in pneumonia associated symptoms, two of whom were confirmed 2019-nCoV negative and discharged, and one of whom was virus negative at the first test. The remaining patient with severe pneumonia had shown signs of improvement by the cutoff date for data collection. Results obtained in the current study may provide clues for treatment of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The efficacy of antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, and SFJDC warrants further verification in future study.

  • Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment📎

    Abstract Title:

    Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment.

    Abstract Source:

    Biosci Trends. 2020 Feb 9. Epub 2020 Feb 9. PMID: 32037389

    Abstract Author(s):

    Zhenwei Wang, Xiaorong Chen, Yunfei Lu, Feifei Chen, Wei Zhang

    Article Affiliation:

    Zhenwei Wang

    Abstract:

    Pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. No effective antiviral treatment has been verified thus far. We report here the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four patients with mild or severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. All the patients were given antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine) and other necessary support care. After treatment, three patients gained significant improvement in pneumonia associated symptoms, two of whom were confirmed 2019-nCoV negative and discharged, and one of whom was virus negative at the first test. The remaining patient with severe pneumonia had shown signs of improvement by the cutoff date for data collection. Results obtained in the current study may provide clues for treatment of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The efficacy of antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, and SFJDC warrants further verification in future study.

  • Clinical observation on treatment of 40 SARS uncertain patients with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine

    Abstract Title:

    [Clinical observation on treatment of 40 SARS uncertain patients with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

    Abstract Source:

    Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2003 Aug ;23(8):572-4. PMID: 14503052

    Abstract Author(s):

    Hong-jin Wu, Xi-yin Zhao, Fan Wang

    Article Affiliation:

    Hong-jin Wu

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinic symptom improving time in uncertain SARS patients and the therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) in treating SARS.

    METHODS:The clinic symptoms, chest film and tongue figure of 40 uncertain SARS patients treated with ICWM were observed and T-lymphocyte subsets, serum coronavirus nucleic acid and antibody in 20 patients were tested dynamically.

    RESULTS:All the symptoms, such as fever, sweating, fatigue, cough without phlegm, etc. were obviously improved after treatment. Lung shadow in chest film began to be absorbed 4.54 +/- 2.85 days, and obviously absorbed 7.74 +/- 4.68 days after treatment. CD3, CD4 and CD8 in 20 patients, which were lower than the normal range when hospitalization, began to increase 3 days later and gradually recovered to the normal in 6-10 days. Serum coronavirus nucleic acid was positive in 3 patients, coronavirus antibody positive in two and both were positive in one.

    CONCLUSION:ICWM can improve the symptoms and regulate the immune function in uncertain SARS patients.

  • Clinical observation on treatment of 40 SARS uncertain patients with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine

    Abstract Title:

    [Clinical observation on treatment of 40 SARS uncertain patients with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

    Abstract Source:

    Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2003 Aug ;23(8):572-4. PMID: 14503052

    Abstract Author(s):

    Hong-jin Wu, Xi-yin Zhao, Fan Wang

    Article Affiliation:

    Hong-jin Wu

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinic symptom improving time in uncertain SARS patients and the therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) in treating SARS.

    METHODS:The clinic symptoms, chest film and tongue figure of 40 uncertain SARS patients treated with ICWM were observed and T-lymphocyte subsets, serum coronavirus nucleic acid and antibody in 20 patients were tested dynamically.

    RESULTS:All the symptoms, such as fever, sweating, fatigue, cough without phlegm, etc. were obviously improved after treatment. Lung shadow in chest film began to be absorbed 4.54 +/- 2.85 days, and obviously absorbed 7.74 +/- 4.68 days after treatment. CD3, CD4 and CD8 in 20 patients, which were lower than the normal range when hospitalization, began to increase 3 days later and gradually recovered to the normal in 6-10 days. Serum coronavirus nucleic acid was positive in 3 patients, coronavirus antibody positive in two and both were positive in one.

    CONCLUSION:ICWM can improve the symptoms and regulate the immune function in uncertain SARS patients.

  • Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan📎

    Abstract Title:

    Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan.

    Abstract Source:

    Front Med. 2020 Mar 13. Epub 2020 Mar 13. PMID: 32170559

    Abstract Author(s):

    Li Ni, Ling Zhou, Min Zhou, Jianping Zhao, Dao Wen Wang

    Article Affiliation:

    Li Ni

    Abstract:

    In December 2019, an outbreak of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. By February 14, 2020, it has led to 66 492 confirmed patients in China and high mortality up to∼2.96% (1123/37 914) in Wuhan. Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). This report describes the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of three cases from a family, suggests the expected therapeutic effects of SHL on COVID-19, and warrants further clinical trials.

  • Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement.

    Abstract Title:

    Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement.

    Abstract Source:

    World J Pediatr. 2020 Feb 7. Epub 2020 Feb 7. PMID: 32034659

    Abstract Author(s):

    Kunling Shen, Yonghong Yang, Tianyou Wang, Dongchi Zhao, Yi Jiang, Runming Jin, Yuejie Zheng, Baoping Xu, Zhengde Xie, Likai Lin, Yunxiao Shang, Xiaoxia Lu, Sainan Shu, Yan Bai, Jikui Deng, Min Lu, Leping Ye, Xuefeng Wang, Yongyan Wang, Liwei Gao, , , , , , , , , ,

    Article Affiliation:

    Kunling Shen

    Abstract:

    Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan City, China, by January 30, 2020, a total of 9692 confirmed cases and 15,238 suspected cases have been reported around 31 provinces or cities in China. Among the confirmed cases, 1527 were severe cases, 171 had recovered and been discharged at home, and 213 died. And among these cases, a total of 28 children aged from 1 month to 17 years have been reported in China. For standardizing prevention and management of 2019-nCoV infections in children, we called up an experts' committee to formulate this experts' consensus statement. This statement is based on the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (the fourth edition) (National Health Committee) and other previous diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric virus infections. The present consensus statement summarizes current strategies on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoVinfection in children.

  • Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement.

    Abstract Title:

    Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement.

    Abstract Source:

    World J Pediatr. 2020 Feb 7. Epub 2020 Feb 7. PMID: 32034659

    Abstract Author(s):

    Kunling Shen, Yonghong Yang, Tianyou Wang, Dongchi Zhao, Yi Jiang, Runming Jin, Yuejie Zheng, Baoping Xu, Zhengde Xie, Likai Lin, Yunxiao Shang, Xiaoxia Lu, Sainan Shu, Yan Bai, Jikui Deng, Min Lu, Leping Ye, Xuefeng Wang, Yongyan Wang, Liwei Gao, , , , , , , , , ,

    Article Affiliation:

    Kunling Shen

    Abstract:

    Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan City, China, by January 30, 2020, a total of 9692 confirmed cases and 15,238 suspected cases have been reported around 31 provinces or cities in China. Among the confirmed cases, 1527 were severe cases, 171 had recovered and been discharged at home, and 213 died. And among these cases, a total of 28 children aged from 1 month to 17 years have been reported in China. For standardizing prevention and management of 2019-nCoV infections in children, we called up an experts' committee to formulate this experts' consensus statement. This statement is based on the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (the fourth edition) (National Health Committee) and other previous diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric virus infections. The present consensus statement summarizes current strategies on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoVinfection in children.

  • Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)📎

    Abstract Title:

    Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).

    Abstract Source:

    Biosci Trends. 2020 01 28. Epub 2020 Jan 28. PMID: 31996494

    Abstract Author(s):

    Hongzhou Lu

    Article Affiliation:

    Hongzhou Lu

    Abstract:

    As of January 22, 2020, a total of 571 cases of the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) have been reported in 25 provinces (districts and cities) in China. At present, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for human and animal coronavirus, so that identifying the drug treatment options as soon as possible is critical for the response to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Three general methods, which include existing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs using standard assays, screening of a chemical library containing many existing compounds or databases, and the redevelopment of new specific drugs based on the genome and biophysical understanding of individual coronaviruses, are used to discover the potential antiviral treatment of human pathogen coronavirus. Lopinavir /Ritonavir, Nucleoside analogues, Neuraminidase inhibitors, Remdesivir, peptide (EK1), arbidol, RNA synthesis inhibitors (such as TDF, 3TC), anti-inflammatory drugs (such as hormones and other molecules), Chinese traditional medicine, such ShuFengJieDu Capsules and Lianhuaqingwen Capsule, could be the drug treatment options for 2019-nCoV. However, the efficacy and safety of these drugs for 2019- nCoV still need to be further confirmed by clinical experiments.

  • Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV)📎

    Abstract Title:

    Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).

    Abstract Source:

    Biosci Trends. 2020 01 28. Epub 2020 Jan 28. PMID: 31996494

    Abstract Author(s):

    Hongzhou Lu

    Article Affiliation:

    Hongzhou Lu

    Abstract:

    As of January 22, 2020, a total of 571 cases of the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) have been reported in 25 provinces (districts and cities) in China. At present, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for human and animal coronavirus, so that identifying the drug treatment options as soon as possible is critical for the response to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Three general methods, which include existing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs using standard assays, screening of a chemical library containing many existing compounds or databases, and the redevelopment of new specific drugs based on the genome and biophysical understanding of individual coronaviruses, are used to discover the potential antiviral treatment of human pathogen coronavirus. Lopinavir /Ritonavir, Nucleoside analogues, Neuraminidase inhibitors, Remdesivir, peptide (EK1), arbidol, RNA synthesis inhibitors (such as TDF, 3TC), anti-inflammatory drugs (such as hormones and other molecules), Chinese traditional medicine, such ShuFengJieDu Capsules and Lianhuaqingwen Capsule, could be the drug treatment options for 2019-nCoV. However, the efficacy and safety of these drugs for 2019- nCoV still need to be further confirmed by clinical experiments.

  • Effect of traditional chinese medicine on survival and quality of life in patients with esophageal carcinoma after esophagectomy.

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    Abstract Title:

    Effect of traditional chinese medicine on survival and quality of life in patients with esophageal carcinoma after esophagectomy.

    Abstract Source:

    Chin J Integr Med. 2006 Sep;12(3):175-9. PMID: 17005076

    Abstract Author(s):

    Ping Lu, Qiu-dong Liang, Rong Li, Hong-rui Niu, Xiao-ge Kou, Hong-jun Xi

    Article Affiliation:

    Oncology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan, China. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on survival and quality of life (QOL) in patients with esophageal carcinoma after esophagectomy. METHODS: Adopting prospective controlled method of study, the authors had 128 post-esophagectomy patients, hospitalized from February 2001 to February 2002, randomly divided into 3 groups: the TCM group, treated with TCM drugs alone; the chemotherapy group, with chemotherapy alone applied; and the synthetic group, treated with chemotherapy combined with Chinese medicine. Their survival rate and QOL were compared. RESULTS: In the TCM group, the chemotherapy group and the synthetic group, the respective 3-year relapse and remote metastasis rate were 71.4%, 76.7%, 53.4%, respectively (chi(2) = 6.53, P<0.05); the 1-year survival rate 42.9%, 46.5%, 72.1%; 2-year survival rate 28.6%, 27.9%, 55.8%, and 3-year survival rate 26.2%, 23.1%, 37.2%, respectively. And the QOL improving rate was 69.0%, 37.2%, 58.1%, respectively, all showing significant difference among them (chi(2) = 6.10, all P<0.05). Moreover, immune function was increased in the TCM and the synthetic groups. CONCLUSION: Integrative Chinese and Western medicinal treatment was the beneficial choice for post-operational patients with esophageal carcinoma. However, long time use of simple Chinese medicine was also advisable, especially for those in poverty.

  • Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of Qingqiao capsule in treating patients with secretory otitis media.

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    Abstract Title:

    Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of Qingqiao capsule in treating patients with secretory otitis media.

    Abstract Source:

    Chin J Integr Med. 2005 Dec;11(4):243-8. PMID: 16417772

    Abstract Author(s):

    Yong-dong Sun, Long-hui Chen, Wen-jian Hu, Yu-liang Jiang, Xiao-lin Chen, Shi-bo Zhang

    Article Affiliation:

    Department of Otolaryngology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zigong, Sichuan 643020. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Qingqiao Capsule (QQC) in treating patients with secretory otitis media (SOM).

    METHODS:A total of 90 patients were randomly assigned into the treated group (n = 45) and the control group (n = 45). Patients in the treated group were administrated with QQC, 5 capsules each time, 3 times a day for totally 10-14 days, and those in the control group were given per os cefaclor capsules 0.5 g each time for adult, 3 times a day, or 20 mg/(kg.d) for children, for 10-14 days. The therapeutic efficacy of treatment on the patients was observed and compared after treatment and followed up for 3-6 months.

    RESULTS:(1) The clinical efficacy in the treated group was superior to that in the control group with significant statistical difference (P<0.01); (2) Comparison of the efficacies in patients of three different TCM syndrome types (the external pathogenic wind invasion caused auditory orifice stuffiness type, the Gan-Dan damp-heat steaming up auditory orifice type and the Pi-deficiency dysfunction induced dirty dampness blocking ear type) showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05); (3) The vanishing rate and time needed of the main symptoms and signs in the treated group were superior to those in the control group on ear muffle, tinnitus, hearing impairment, hydrotypanum, pure tone threshold and abnormal tongue figure, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01), only those of earache, otopiesis and abnormal pulse figure were insignificantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).

    CONCLUSION:QQC is an effective Chinese composite medicine on patients with SOM, and shows no obvious adverse reaction.

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