Abstract Title: The effects of Sahaja Yoga meditation on mental health: a systematic review. Abstract Source: J Complement Integr Med. 2018 May 30. Epub 2018 May 30. PMID: 29847314 Abstract Author(s): Tom Hendriks Article Affiliation: Tom Hendriks Abstract: Objectives To determine the efficacy of Sahaja Yoga (SY) meditation on mental health among clinical and healthy populations. Methods All publications on SY were eligible. Databases were searched up to November 2017, namely PubMed, MEDLINE (NLM), PsychINFO, and Scopus. An internet search (Google Scholar) was also conducted. The quality of the randomized controlled trails was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment for Bias. The quality of cross-sectional studies, a non-randomized controlled trial and a cohort study was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results We included a total of eleven studies; four randomized controlled trials, one non-randomized controlled trial, five cross-sectional studies, and one prospective cohort study. The studies included a total of 910 participants. Significant findings were reported in relation to the following outcomes: anxiety, depression, stress, subjective well-being, and psychological well-being. Two randomized studies were rated as high quality studies, two randomized studies as low quality studies. The quality of the non-randomized trial, the cross-sectional studies and the cohort study was high. Effect sizes could not be calculated in five studies due to unclear or incomplete reporting. Conclusions After reviewing the articles and taking the quality of the studies into account, it appears that SY may reduce depression and possibly anxiety. In addition, the practice of SY is also associated with increased subjective wellbeing and psychological well-beng. However, due to the limited number of publications, definite conclusions on the effects of SY cannot be made and more high quality randomized studies are needed to justify any firm conclusions on the beneficial effects of SY on mental health. Article Published Date : May 29, 2018

Abstract Title: A randomized controlled dosing study of Iyengar yoga and coherent breathing for the treatment of major depressive disorder: Impact on suicidal ideation and safety findings. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2018 Apr ;37:136-142. Epub 2018 Feb 23. PMID: 29609926 Abstract Author(s): Maren Nyer, Patricia L Gerbarg, Marisa M Silveri, Jennifer Johnston, Tammy M Scott, Maya Nauphal, Liz Owen, Greylin H Nielsen, David Mischoulon, Richard P Brown, Maurizio Fava, Chris C Streeter Article Affiliation: Maren Nyer Abstract: BACKGROUND: Yoga interventions offer promise for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), yet their safety and potential impact on suicidal ideation (SI) have not been well documented. This study evaluated the safety of a randomized controlled dose-finding trial of Iyengar yoga plus coherent breathing for individuals with MDD, as well as the potential effects of the intervention on SI without intent. METHODS: Participants with Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores ≥14 and a diagnosis of MDD (using DSM-IV criteria) were randomized to either a low dose group (LDG) or high dose group (HDG) and received a 12-week manualized intervention. The LDG included two 90-min yoga classes plus three 30-min homework sessions weekly. The HDG offered three 90-min classesplus four 30-min homework sessions weekly. RESULTS: Thirty-two individuals with MDD were randomized, of which 30 completed the protocol. At screening, SI without intent was endorsed on the BDI-II by 9 participants; after completing the intervention, 8 out of 9 reported resolution of SI. There were 17 adverse events possibly-related and 15 definitely-related to the intervention. The most common protocol-related adverse event was musculoskeletal pain, which resolved over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The Iyengar yoga plus coherent breathing intervention was associated with the resolution of SI in 8 out of 9 participants, with mild side effects that were primarily musculoskeletal in nature. This preliminary evidence suggests that this intervention may reduce SI without intent and be safe for use in those with MDD. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Yoga-based exercise improves health-related quality of life and mental well-being in older people: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Abstract Source: Age Ageing. 2018 Mar 23. Epub 2018 Mar 23. PMID: 29584813 Abstract Author(s): Alice Tulloch, Hannah Bombell, Catherine Dean, Anne Tiedemann Article Affiliation: Alice Tulloch Abstract: Objective: health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental well-being are associated with healthy ageing. Physical activity positively impacts both HRQOL and mental well-being. Yoga is a physical activity that can be modified to suits the needs of older people and is growing in popularity. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the impact of yoga-based exercise on HRQOL and mental well-being in people aged 60+. Methods: searches were conducted for relevant trials in the following electronic databases; MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, PsycINFO and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) from inception to January 2017. Trials that evaluated the effect of physical yoga on HRQOL and/or on mental well-being in people aged 60+ years were included. Data on HRQOL and mental well-being were extracted. Standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models. Methodological quality of trials was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: twelve trials of high methodological quality (mean PEDro score 6.1), totalling 752 participants, were identified and provided data for the meta-analysis. Yoga produced a medium effect on HRQOL (Hedges' g = 0.51, 95% CI 0.25-0.76, 12 trials) and a small effect on mental well-being (Hedges' g = 0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.62, 12 trials). Conclusion: yoga interventions resulted in small to moderate improvements in both HRQOL and mental well-being in people aged 60+ years. Further, research is needed to determine the optimal dose of yoga to maximise health impact. PROSPERO registration number: (CRD42016052458). Article Published Date : Mar 22, 2018

Abstract Title: Effects of Yoga on Attention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity in Preschool-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. Abstract Source: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018 Mar 13. Epub 2018 Mar 13. PMID: 29538185 Abstract Author(s): Samantha C L Cohen, Danielle J Harvey, Rebecca H Shields, Grant S Shields, Roxanne N Rashedi, Daniel J Tancredi, Kathleen Angkustsiri, Robin L Hansen, Julie B Schweitzer Article Affiliation: Samantha C L Cohen Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Behavioral therapies are first-line for preschoolers with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies support yoga for school-aged children with ADHD; this study evaluated yoga in preschoolers on parent- and teacher-rated attention/challenging behaviors, attentional control (Kinder Test of Attentional Performance [KiTAP]), and heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: This randomized waitlist-controlled trial tested a 6-week yoga intervention in preschoolers with≥4 ADHD symptoms on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV Preschool Version. Group 1 (n = 12) practiced yoga first; Group 2 (n = 11) practiced yoga second. We collected data at 4 time points: baseline, T1 (6 weeks), T2 (12 weeks), and follow-up (3 months after T2). RESULTS: At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups. At T1, Group 1 had faster reaction times on the KiTAP go/no-go task (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI], -371.1 to -59.1, d = -1.7), fewer distractibility errors of omission (p = 0.009, 95% CI, -14.2 to -2.3, d = -1.5), and more commission errors (p = 0.02, 95% CI, 1.4-14.8, d = 1.3) than Group 2. Children in Group 1 with more severe symptoms at baseline showed improvement at T1 versus control on parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire hyperactivity inattention (β = -2.1, p = 0.04, 95% CI, -4.0 to -0.1) and inattention on the ADHD Rating Scale (β = -4.4, p = 0.02, 95% CI, -7.9 to -0.9). HRV measures did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: Yoga was associated with modest improvements on an objective measure of attention (KiTAP) and selective improvements on parent ratings. Article Published Date : Mar 12, 2018

Abstract Title: Yoga for menopausal symptoms-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Maturitas. 2018 Mar ;109:13-25. Epub 2017 Dec 6. PMID: 29452777 Abstract Author(s): Holger Cramer, Wenbo Peng, Romy Lauche Article Affiliation: Holger Cramer Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of yoga for menopausal symptoms. METHODS: Medline (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus were screened through to February 21, 2017 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of yoga on menopausal symptoms to those of no treatment or active comparators. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs with 1306 participants were included. Compared with no treatment, yoga reduced total menopausal symptoms (SMD=-1.05; 95% CI -1.57 to -0.53), psychological (SMD=-0.75; 95% CI -1.17 to -0.34), somatic (SMD=-0.65; 95% CI -1.05 to -0.25), vasomotor (SMD=-0.76; 95% CI -1.27 to -0.25), and urogenital symptoms (SMD=-0.53; 95% CI -0.81 to -0.25). Compared with exercise controls, only an effect on vasomotor symptoms was found (SMD=-0.45; 95% CI -0.87 to -0.04). Effects were robust against selection bias, but not against detection and attrition bias. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Yoga seems to be effective and safe for reducing menopausal symptoms. Effects are comparable to those of other exercise interventions. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2018

Abstract Title: Yoga improves quality of life and fall risk-factors in a sample of people with chronic pain and Type 2 Diabetes. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018 Feb 15. Epub 2018 Feb 15. PMID: 29526474 Abstract Author(s): Arlene A Schmid, Karen E Atler, Matthew P Malcolm, Laura A Grimm, Tara C Klinedinst, David R Marchant, Tasha P Marchant, Jennifer Dickman Portz Article Affiliation: Arlene A Schmid Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assess pre to-post outcomes for people with chronic pain and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) randomized to an 8-week yoga intervention or usual care. METHODS: Participants were included if they self-reported: chronic pain; T2DM;>18 years old; no exercise restrictions or consistent yoga; and consented to the study. RESULTS: After yoga, there were significant improvements in: Brief Pain Inventory pain interference (49 ± 15.00 vs. 41.25 ± 19.46, p = .034); Fullerton Advanced Balance scale (14.2 ± 14.1 vs. 20.4 ± 13.5, p = .03); upper extremity strength (7.7 ± 6.3 vs.10.8 ± 6.5, p = .02); lower extremity strength (4.1 ± 3.8 vs. 6.7 ± 4.8, p = .02); and RAND 36-item Health Survey quality of life scores (81.1 ± 7.7 vs. 91.9 ± 8.9, p = .04). Balance scores became significantly worse during the 8 weeks for people randomized to the control (27.1 ± 9.9 vs. 21.7 ± 13.4, = p.01). CONCLUSION: Data from this small RCT indicates yoga may be therapeutic and may improve multiple outcomes in this seemingly at-risk population. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT03010878. Article Published Date : Feb 14, 2018

Abstract Title: Effectiveness of super brain yoga for children with hyperactivity disorder. Abstract Source: Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2018 Feb 10. Epub 2018 Feb 10. PMID: 29427513 Abstract Author(s): Pouran Varvani Farahani, Davood Hekmatpou, Amir Hossein Khonsari, Mehran Gholami Article Affiliation: Pouran Varvani Farahani Abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of super brain yoga for children with hyperactivity disorder. DESIGN AND METHOD: This quasiexperimental and interventional research was conducted on 80 school-age children through a pretest-posttest design. RESULTS: Results showed that there was a significant difference between the means of severity of hyperactivity disorder before (75.1) and after the intervention (63.5) (p < .001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Practicing super brain yoga reduced the symptoms of hyperactivity disorder among the school-age children. Article Published Date : Feb 09, 2018

Abstract Title: Yoga and immune system functioning: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Abstract Source: J Behav Med. 2018 Feb 10. Epub 2018 Feb 10. PMID: 29429046 Abstract Author(s): R I Falkenberg, C Eising, M L Peters Article Affiliation: R I Falkenberg Abstract: Yoga is an ancient mind-body practice that is increasingly recognized to have health benefits in a variety of clinical and non-clinical conditions. This systematic review summarizes the findings of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of yoga on immune system functioning which is imperative to justify its application in the clinic. Fifteen RCTs were eligible for the review. Even though the existing evidence is not entirely consistent, a general pattern emerged suggesting that yoga can downregulate pro-inflammatory markers. In particular, the qualitative evaluation of RCTs revealed decreases in IL-1beta, as well as indications for reductions in IL-6 and TNF-alpha. These results imply that yoga may be implemented as a complementary intervention for populations at risk or already suffering from diseases with an inflammatory component. Beyond this, yoga practice may exert further beneficial effects by enhancing cell-mediated and mucosal immunity. It is hypothesized that longer time spans of yoga practice are required to achieve consistent effects especially on circulating inflammatory markers. Overall, this field of investigation is still young, hence the current body of evidence is small and for most immune parameters, more research is required to draw distinct conclusions. Article Published Date : Feb 09, 2018

Abstract Title: Effects of Pilates and yoga in patients with chronic neck pain: A sonographic study. Abstract Source: J Rehabil Med. 2018 Jan 10 ;50(1):80-85. PMID: 29160551 Abstract Author(s): Naime Uluğ, Öznur Tunca Yılmaz, Murat Kara, Levent Özçakar Article Affiliation: Naime Uluğ Abstract: BACKGROUND: Various studies have shown the efficacy of conventional isometric, Pilates and yoga exercises. However, data on the effects and comparison of these specific exercises on the cervical muscle morphology are insufficient or lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different exercise treatments on neck muscles in patients with chronic neck pain. DESIGN: A randomized study. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with chronic neck pain were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Pilates group (n = 20), yoga group (n = 18) and isometric group (n = 18). Demographics and background information were recorded. The thickness and cross-sectional area of neck muscles were evaluated by ultrasound imaging. Cervical motions were measured with a goniometer. Pain severity was evaluated withthe McGill Pain Scale, disability with the Neck Disability Index, quality of life with the Nottingham Health Profile, and emotional status with the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition to a conventional physio-therapy programme, 15 sessions of physical therapy, including hot pack, ultrasound, andtranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), were provided to all patients. All groups performed the exercises for 6 weeks. The aforementioned assessments were performed before and 6 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: Although pain, disability, depression and quality of life improved similarly within all groups (all p < 0.05), muscle thickness values as regards the semispinalis capitis were increased only in the Pilates group (p = 0.022). STUDY LIMITATIONS: The lack of complex (progressive resistive) exercise treatment protocols, short treatment duration and partial supervision. CONCLUSION: All 3 types of exercise had favourable effects on pain and functional scores, but no differences were found among the groups, except for the Pilates group, in which the semispinalis capitis muscle increased in thickness. Article Published Date : Jan 09, 2018

Abstract Title: The physical postures of yoga practices may protect against depressive symptoms, even as life stressors increase: a moderation analysis. Abstract Source: Psychol Health Med. 2018 Jan 8:1-10. Epub 2018 Jan 8. PMID: 29308657 Abstract Author(s): Rebecca A Franklin, Michael P Butler, Jacob A Bentley Article Affiliation: Rebecca A Franklin Abstract: Yoga contains sub-components related to its physical postures (asana), breathing methods (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana). To test the hypothesis that specific yoga practices are associated with reduced psychological distress, 186 adults completed questionnaires assessing life stressors, symptom severity, and experience with each of these aspects of yoga. Each yoga sub-component was found to be negatively correlated with psychological distress indices. However, differing patterns of relationship to psychological distress symptoms were found for each yoga sub-component. Experience with asana was negatively correlated with global psychological distress (r = -.21, p < .01), and symptoms of anxiety (r = -.18, p = .01) and depression (r = -.17, p = .02). These relationships remained statistically significant after accounting for variance attributable to Social Readjustment Rating Scale scores (GSI: r = -.19, p = .01; BSI Anxiety: r = -.16, p = .04; BSI Depression: r = -.14, p = .05). By contrast, the correlations between other yoga sub-components and symptom subscales became non-significant after accounting for exposure to life stressors. Moreover, stressful life events moderated the predictive relationship between amount of asana experience and depressive symptoms. Asana was not related to depressive symptoms at low levels of life stressors, but became associated at mean (t[182] = -2.73, p < .01) and high levels (t[182] = -3.56, p < .001). Findings suggest asana may possess depressive symptom reduction benefits, particularly as life stressors increase. Additional research is needed to differentiate whether asana has an effect on psychological distress, and to better understand potential psychophysiological mechanisms of action. Article Published Date : Jan 07, 2018

Abstract Title: Examining the Feasibility and Acceptability of an Online Yoga Class for Mood Disorders: A MoodNetwork Study. Abstract Source: J Psychiatr Pract. 2018 Jan ;24(1):60-67. PMID: 29320386 Abstract Author(s): Lisa Uebelacker, Steven C Dufour, Jacob G Dinerman, Samantha L Walsh, Casey Hearing, Lee T Gillette, Thilo Deckersbach, Andrew A Nierenberg, Lauren Weinstock, Louisa G Sylvia Article Affiliation: Lisa Uebelacker Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite ongoing advances in the treatment of mood disorders, a substantial proportion of people diagnosed with major depression or bipolar disorder remain symptomatic over time. Yoga, which has been shown to reduce stress and depressive symptoms, as well as to improve overall quality of life, shows promise as an adjunctive treatment. However, dissemination of yoga for clinical populations remains challenging. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of an online yoga intervention for individuals with mood disorders. METHODS: In total, 56 adults who reported being diagnosed with a mood disorder (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, cyclothymia, or schizoaffective disorder) were recruited from MoodNetwork, an online community of individuals with mood disorders. A feedback survey and a measure of positive and negative affect were administered before and after a 30-minute online Hatha yoga class. RESULTS: In total, 44 individuals (78.6%) completed all components of the yoga class. The mean score on a 10-point Likert scale rating how much participants liked the online yoga class was 7.24 (SD=2.40). Most participants (67.9%) reported that they would be"somewhat likely"or"very likely"to participate in an online yoga program again. There was a statistically significant decrease in negative affect after completing the class (t=-6.05; P<0.001), but positive affect did not change (P>0.10). DISCUSSION: These preliminary data support the utility of online yoga tailored specifically for people with mood disorders as a possible adjunctive intervention that warrants further investigation. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: The Effect of Yoga on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Women. Abstract Source: Int J Prev Med. 2018 ;9:21. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 29541436 Abstract Author(s): Masoumeh Shohani, Gholamreza Badfar, Marzieh Parizad Nasirkandy, Sattar Kaikhavani, Shoboo Rahmati, Yaghoob Modmeli, Ali Soleymani, Milad Azami Article Affiliation: Masoumeh Shohani Abstract: Background: In recent decades, several medical and scientific studies on yoga proved it to be very useful in the treatment of some diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of yoga on stress, anxiety, and depression in women living in Ilam, Iran. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-post test. To collect data, the questionnaire of DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21) was used. For eligible samples, hatha yoga exercises and training sessions were held for 4 weeks (3 time/weeks; 60-70 min each) by a specialist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: 52 women with a mean age of 33.5± 6.5 were included for analysis. Depression, anxiety, and stress decreased significantly in women after 12 sessions of regular hatha yoga practice (<0.001). Conclusions: Yoga has an effective role in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Thus, it can be used as complementary medicine. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Yoga training modulates adipokines in adults with high-normal blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. Abstract Source: Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 Dec 5. Epub 2017 Dec 5. PMID: 29205515 Abstract Author(s): Rashmi Supriya, Angus P Yu, Paul H Lee, Christopher W Lai, Kenneth K Cheng, Sonata Y Yau, Lawrence W Chan, Benjamin Y Yung, Parco M Siu Article Affiliation: Rashmi Supriya Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Our previous study indicated that people with MetS showed a decrease in waist circumference and a decreasing trend in blood pressure after 1 year of yoga. This study investigated the effect of yoga on MetS people with high-normal blood pressure by exploring modulations in pro-inflammatory adipokines (leptin, chemerin, visfatin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 or PAI-1) and an anti-inflammatory adipokine (adiponectin). DESIGN & METHODS: A total of 97 Hong Kong Chinese individuals aged 57.6± 9.1 years with MetS and high-normal blood pressure were randomly assigned to control (n = 45) and yoga groups (n = 52). Participants in the control group were not given any intervention but were contacted monthly to monitor their health status. Participants in the yoga group underwent a yoga training programme with three 1-hour yoga sessions weekly for 1 year. The participants' sera were harvested and assessed for adipokines. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine the interaction effect between 1 year of time (pre vs. post) and intervention (control vs. yoga). RESULTS: GEE analyses revealed significant interaction effects between 1-year of time and yoga intervention for the decreases in leptin and chemerin and the increase in adiponectin concentration in the sera examined. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that 1 year of yoga training decreased pro-inflammatory adipokines and increased anti-inflammatory adipokine in adults with MetS and high-normal blood pressure. These findings support the beneficial role of yoga in managing MetS by favourably modulating adipokines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Article Published Date : Dec 04, 2017

Abstract Title: Yogic practices on oxidative stress and of antioxidant level: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Abstract Source: J Complement Integr Med. 2017 Oct 25. Epub 2017 Oct 25. PMID: 29068790 Abstract Author(s): Rameswar Pal, Navin Gupta Article Affiliation: Rameswar Pal Abstract: Background Many clinical trials have evaluated the oxidative stress reduction and enhancement of antioxidant status following yogic practices, but a review has not been reported earlier. Present study is designed to systematically review the effect of yogic practices on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Content Using the MEDLINE, EMBASE SCOPEMED, and Indian database electronic searches were performed through August 2016 using the keywords yoga AND oxidative stress OR antioxidant which yielded 97 studies. Selections were made to include only experimental studies written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals and investigating the effects of regular yogic practices on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in these studies. Summary and outlook Search yielded a total of 97 trials, 11 met rigorous criteria for final systematic review. Healthy population showed overall enhancement of antioxidant status and reduced oxidative stress following yogic practices. Diabetic patients showed increased glutathione, vitamin C content and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content following yogic practices. Prediabetic and hypertensive patients showed reduced malondialdehyde content following yogic practices. Renal disease patients showed decreased protein oxidation, and increased superoxide dismutase activity following yogic practices. Regular yogic practices can improve antioxidants and reduce oxidative stress in healthy, diabetic, prediabetic, hypertensive and renal disease patients. Studies on other disease population have rarely been reported and studies are very few to conclude strongly. Article Published Date : Oct 24, 2017

Abstract Title: Elderly-customized hatha yoga effects on the vascular inflammation factors of elderly women. Abstract Source: J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Oct ;29(10):1708-1711. Epub 2017 Oct 21. PMID: 29184273 Abstract Author(s): Sangsoo Kim, Sungbum Ju Article Affiliation: Sangsoo Kim Abstract: [Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the application of elderly-customized hatha yoga on the vascular inflammation factors of elderly women. [Subjects and Methods] This research was conducted with 14 elderly women, between 70 and 80 years old, divided into an elderly-customized hatha yoga group (n=7) and a control group (n=7). The application group participated in a hatha yoga program designed to be elderly-friendly for 10 weeks. At the end of the program, the vascular inflammation factors were measured, including the albumin, white blood cell count, fibrinogen, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). [Results] In the hatha yoga group, the albumin increased significantly after the application, when compared to the level before the application, while the fibrinogen, hs-CRP, and ESR decreased significantly. In the control group, the vascular inflammation factor levels before and after the application period were not significantly different. [Conclusion] Based on the results of this study, the application of elderly-customized hatha yoga created positive changes in thevascular inflammation factors of elderly women. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of 12 Weeks of Yoga Therapy on Quality of Life and Indian Diabetes Risk Score in Normotensive Indian Young Adult Prediabetics and Diabetics: Randomized Control Trial. Abstract Source: J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Sep ;11(9):CC10-CC14. Epub 2017 Sep 1. PMID: 29207699 Abstract Author(s): Gorantla Shravya Keerthi, Pravati Pal, Gopal Krushna Pal, Jaya Prakash Sahoo, Magadi Gopalakrishna Sridhar, Jayaraman Balachander Article Affiliation: Gorantla Shravya Keerthi Abstract: Introduction: India has become the epicentre for diabetes, a stress-related disorder affecting the working skills and day-to-day lifestyle management of younger population. Most of the studies have reported the effect of yoga on improving Quality of Life (QoL) in diabetic patients with other comorbidities. Till date, no randomized control trial reports are available to show the effect of yoga therapy on QoL and Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) in normotensive prediabetic and diabetic young individuals. Aim: To determine the effect of 12 weeks of yoga therapy on QoL and IDRS among normotensive prediabetic and diabetic young Indian adults. Materials and Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted in Endocrinology Outpatient Department (OPD). Normotensive participants (n=310) aged 18-45 years were divided into healthy controls (n=62), prediabetics (n=124) and diabetics (n=124). Study group subjects were randomly assigned to Group II (n=62, prediabetes-standard treatment), Group III (n=62, prediabetes-standard treatment + yoga therapy), Group IV (n=62, diabetes-standard treatment) and Group V (n=62, diabetes-standard treatment + yoga therapy). Flanagan QoL scale, IDRS questionnaire, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) and insulin were assessed pre and post 12 weeks of intervention. Statistical analysis was done using Student's paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Pre-post intervention analysis showed significant improvement in QoL scale with p<0.01 in Group II and Group IV; p<0.001 in Group III and Group V respectively. There was significant reduction in IDRS in Group II (p<0.05); p<0.001 in Group III, Group IV and Group V respectively. Significant difference (p<0.001) in QoL scale and IDRS were found when study groups with standard treatment along with yoga therapy were compared to standard treatment alone. Conclusion: Yoga therapy along with standard treatment for 12 weeks improved QoL and attenuated the diabetes risk among Indian prediabetics and diabetics compared to standard treatment alone. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Yoga, mindfulness-based stress reduction and stress-related physiological measures: A meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017 Aug 30 ;86:152-168. Epub 2017 Aug 30. PMID: 28963884 Abstract Author(s): Michaela C Pascoe, David R Thompson, Chantal F Ski Article Affiliation: Michaela C Pascoe Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Practices that include yoga asanas and mindfulness-based stress reduction for the management of stress are increasingly popular; however, the neurobiological effects of these practices on stress reactivity are not well understood. Many studies investigating the effects of such practices fail to include an active control group. Given the frequency with which people are selecting such interventions as a form of self-management, it is important to determine their effectiveness. Thus, this review investigates the effects of practices that include yoga asanas, with and without mindfulness-based stress reduction, compared to an active control, on physiological markers of stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials published in English compared practices that included yoga asanas, with and without mindfulness-based stress reduction, to an active control, on stress-related physiological measures. The review focused on studies that measured physiological parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol and peripheral cytokine expression. MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, PubMed, and Scopus were searched in May 2016 and updated in December 2016. Randomised controlled trials were included if they assessed at least one of the following outcomes: heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability, mean arterial pressure, C-reactive protein, interleukins or cortisol. Risk of bias assessments included sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of assessors, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting and other sources of bias. Meta-analysis was undertaken using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 3. Sensitivity analyses were performed using 'one-study-removed' analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted for different yoga and control group types, including mindfulness-based stress reduction versus non-mindfulness-based stress reduction based interventions, different populations, length of intervention, and method of data analysis. A random-effects model was used in all analyses. RESULTS: Forty two studies were included in the meta-analysis. Interventions that included yoga asanas were associated with reduced evening cortisol, waking cortisol, ambulatory systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, high frequency heart rate variability, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein, compared to active control. However, the reported interventions were heterogeneous. CONCLUSIONS: Practices that include yoga asanas appear to be associated with improved regulation of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in various populations. Article Published Date : Aug 29, 2017

Abstract Title: Laughter yoga activities for older people living in residential aged care homes: A feasibility study. Abstract Source: Australas J Ageing. 2017 Jul 12. Epub 2017 Jul 12. PMID: 28699684 Abstract Author(s): Julie M Ellis, Ros Ben-Moshe, Karen Teshuva Article Affiliation: Julie M Ellis Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a laughter yoga activities (LY) program for older people living in residential aged care homes (RACHs). METHODS: A 6-week LY program was implemented at three RACHs with twenty-eight residents. A pre-post design was used to measure positive and negative affect, happiness, blood pressure and pulse. RESULTS: Post-session mean scores for positive mood, and happiness were significantly higher than pre-session scores in weeks 1, 3 and 6, and the post-session mean negative mood scores were significantly lower than pre-session scores in weeks 3 and 6. Post-session readings for mean systolic blood pressure were significantly lower than pre-session readings in weeks 1 and 6. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential for using LY to improve mood and lower blood pressure of older people living in RACHs. Article Published Date : Jul 11, 2017

Abstract Title: The Effect of Yoga and Peer Support Interventions on the Quality of Life of Women with Diabetes: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jul-Aug;21(4):524-530. PMID: 28670534 Abstract Author(s): Aswathy Sreedevi, Ambika Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan, Sundaram Ramaiyer Karimassery, Kuttikattu Soman Deepak Article Affiliation: Aswathy Sreedevi Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This was an interventional study to understand the effect of two low-cost interventions; yoga and peer support on the quality of life (QOL) of women with type 2 diabetes. METHODOLOGY: An open label parallel three-armed randomized control trial was conducted among 124 recruited women with diabetes for 3 months. Block randomization with a block length of six was carried out. In the yoga arm, sessions by an instructor, consisting of a group of postures coordinated with breathing were conducted for an hour, 2 days a week. In the peer support arm, each peer mentor after training visited 13-14 women with diabetes every week followed by a phone call. The meeting was about applying disease management plans in daily life. At the beginning and end of the study, QOL was assessed by the translated, validated World Health Organization QOL-BREF in four domains physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. RESULTS: The majority (96%) of the study participants perceived the peer support and yoga intervention to be beneficial. Paired t-test revealed significant increases in the social and environmental domain in the peer group and in the environmental domain in the yoga group, though this disappeared in the between-group comparison perhaps due to poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c varied from 9.4 to 9.6) and the short duration of 3 months of the study. CONCLUSION: Peer support and yoga improved perceptions of QOL though its impact on scores was not significant due to a short period of study among women with poor glycemic control. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Yoga for the management of pain and sleep in rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Musculoskeletal Care. 2017 Jun 16. Epub 2017 Jun 16. PMID: 28621011 Abstract Author(s): Lesley Ward, Simon Stebbings, Josie Athens, Daniel Cherkin, G David Baxter Article Affiliation: Lesley Ward Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility of a relaxation-based yoga intervention for rheumatoid arthritis, designed and reported in accordance with Delphi recommendations for yoga interventions for musculoskeletal conditions. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a hospital database, and randomized to either eight weekly 75-min yoga classes or a usual care control. Feasibility was determined by recruitment rates, retention, protocol adherence, participant satisfaction and adverse events. Secondary physical and psychosocial outcomes were assessed using self-reported questionnaires at baseline (week 0), week 9 (primary time point) and week 12 (follow-up). RESULTS: Over a 3-month period, 26 participants with mild pain, mild to moderate functional disability and moderate disease activity were recruited into the study (25% recruitment rate). Retention rates were 100% for yoga participants and 92% for usual care participants at both weeks 9 and 12. Protocol adherence and participant satisfaction were high. Yoga participants attended a median of seven classes; additionally, seven of the yoga participants (54%) reported continuing yoga at home during the follow-up period. No serious adverse events were related to the study. Secondary outcomes showed no group effects of yoga compared with usual care. CONCLUSIONS: A relaxation-based yoga programme was found to be feasible and safe for participants with rheumatoid arthritis-related pain and functional disability. Adverse events were minor, and not unexpected from an intervention including physical components. This pilot provides a framework for larger intervention studies, and supports further exploration of yoga as a complex intervention to assist with the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Article Published Date : Jun 15, 2017

Abstract Title: Evidence based effects of yoga in neurological disorders. Abstract Source: J Clin Neurosci. 2017 Jun 6. Epub 2017 Jun 6. PMID: 28599839 Abstract Author(s): A Mooventhan, L Nivethitha Article Affiliation: A Mooventhan Abstract: Though yoga is one of the widely used mind-body medicine for health promotion, disease prevention and as a possible treatment modality for neurological disorders, there is a lack of evidence-based review. Hence, we performed a comprehensive search in the PubMed/Medline electronic database to review relevant articles in English, using keywords"yoga and neurological disorder, yoga and multiple sclerosis, yoga and stroke, yoga and epilepsy, yoga and Parkinson's disease, yoga and dementia, yoga and cerebrovascular disease, yoga and Alzheimer disease, yoga and neuropathy, yoga and myelopathy, and yoga and Guillain-Barre syndrome". A total of 700 articles published from 1963 to 14th December 2016 were available. Of 700 articles, 94 articles were included in this review. Based on the available literature, it could be concluded that yoga might be considered as an effective adjuvant for the patients with various neurological disorders. Article Published Date : Jun 05, 2017

Abstract Title: Effects of yoga versus hydrotherapy training on health-related quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled study. Abstract Source: Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2017 Jun ;16(5):381-389. Epub 2017 Jan 27. PMID: 28128646 Abstract Author(s): Ewa Hägglund, Inger Hagerman, Kerstin Dencker, Anna Strömberg Article Affiliation: Ewa Hägglund Abstract: AIMS: The aims of this study were to determine whether yoga and hydrotherapy training had an equal effect on the health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure and to compare the effects on exercise capacity, clinical outcomes, and symptoms of anxiety and depression between and within the two groups. METHODS: The design was a randomized controlled non-inferiority study. A total of 40 patients, 30% women (mean±SD age 64.9±8.9 years) with heart failure were randomized to an intervention of 12 weeks, either performing yoga or training with hydrotherapy for 45-60 minutes twice a week. Evaluation at baseline and after 12 weeks included self-reported health-related quality of life, a six-minute walk test, asit-to-stand test, clinical variables, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Yoga and hydrotherapy had an equal impact on quality of life, exercise capacity, clinical outcomes, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Within both groups, exercise capacity significantly improved (hydrotherapy p=0.02; yoga p=0.008) and symptoms of anxiety decreased (hydrotherapy p=0.03; yoga p=0.01). Patients in the yoga group significantly improved their health as rated by EQ-VAS ( p=0.004) and disease-specific quality of life in the domains symptom frequency ( p=0.03), self-efficacy ( p=0.01), clinical summary as a combined measure of symptoms and social factors ( p=0.05), and overall summary score ( p=0.04). Symptoms of depression were decreased in this group ( p=0.005). In the hydrotherapy group, lower limb muscle strength improved significantly ( p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Yoga may be an alternative or complementary option to established forms of exercise training such as hydrotherapy for improvement in health-related quality of life and may decrease depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure. Article Published Date : May 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Kripalu Yoga for Military Veterans With PTSD: A Randomized Trial. Abstract Source: J Clin Psychol. 2017 May 19. Epub 2017 May 19. PMID: 28524358 Abstract Author(s): Kristen M Reinhardt, Jessica J Noggle Taylor, Jennifer Johnston, Abida Zameer, Seetal Cheema, Sat Bir S Khalsa Article Affiliation: Kristen M Reinhardt Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This randomized controlled trial of yoga for military veterans and active duty personnel with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) evaluated the efficacy of a 10-week yoga intervention on PTSD. METHOD: Fifty-one participants were randomized into yoga or no-treatment assessment-only control groups. Primary outcome measures included questionnaires and the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale. RESULTS: Both yoga (n = 9) and control (n = 6) participants showed significant decreases in reexperiencing symptoms, with no significant between-group differences. Secondary within-group analyses of a self-selected wait-list yoga group (n = 7) showed significant reductions in PTSD symptoms after yoga participation, in contrast to their control group participation. Consistent with current literature regarding high rates of PTSD treatment dropout for veterans, this study faced challenges retaining participants across conditions. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with recent literature indicating that yoga may have potential as a PTSD therapy in a veteran or military population. However, additional larger sample size trials are necessary to confirm this conclusion. Article Published Date : May 18, 2017

Abstract Title: The effects of yoga and self-esteem on menopausal symptoms and quality of life in breast cancer survivors-A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Maturitas. 2017 May 13. Epub 2017 May 13. PMID: 28551083 Abstract Author(s): Anna K Koch, Sybille Rabsilber, Romy Lauche, Sherko Kümmel, Gustav Dobos, Jost Langhorst, Holger Cramer Article Affiliation: Anna K Koch Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous research has found that yoga can enhance quality of life and ease menopausal symptoms of breast cancer survivors. The study examined whether self-esteem mediated the effects of yoga on quality of life, fatigue and menopausal symptoms, utilizing validated outcome measures. STUDY DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of yoga with those of usual care in 40 breast cancer survivors who suffered from menopausal symptoms. All participants completed all 3 assessments (week 0, week 12, and week 24) and provided full data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were measured using self-rating instruments. Mediation analyses were performed using SPSS. RESULTS: Self-esteem mediated the effect of yoga on total menopausal symptoms (B=-2.11, 95% BCI [-5.40 to -0.37]), psychological menopausal symptoms (B=-0.94, 95% BCI [-2.30 to -0.01]), and urogenital menopausal symptoms (B=-0.66, 95% BCI [-1.65 to -0.15]), quality of life (B=8.04, 95% BCI [3.15-17.03]), social well-being (B=1.80, 95% BCI [0.54-4.21]), emotional well-being (B=1.62, 95% BCI [0.70-3.34]), functional well-being (B=1.84, 95% BCI [0.59-4.13]), and fatigue (B=4.34, 95% BCI [1.28-9.55]). Self-esteem had no effect on somatovegetative menopausal symptoms (B=-0.50, 95% BCI n.s.) or on physical well-being (B=0.79, 95% BCI n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the assumption that self-esteem plays a vital role in the beneficial effect of yoga and that yoga can have long-term benefits for women diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing menopausal transition. Article Published Date : May 12, 2017

Abstract Title: Mental Stress: Neurophysiology and Its Regulation by Sudarshan Kriya Yoga. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2017 May-Aug;10(2):67-72. PMID: 28546676 Abstract Author(s): Sushil Chandra, Amit Kumar Jaiswal, Ram Singh, Devendra Jha, Alok Prakash Mittal Article Affiliation: Sushil Chandra Abstract: AIM: The present study focuses on analyzing the effects of Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY) on EEG as well as ECG signals for stress regulation. To envision the regulation of stress Determination Test (DT) has been used. We have chosen a control group for contriving a cogent comparison that could be corroborated using statistical tests. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 20 subjects were taken in the study, of which 10 were allotted to a control group. Electroencephalograph was taken during a DT task, before and after SKY the sky session with 30 days of SKY session given to the experimental group. No SKY was given to the control group. RESULTS: We quantified mental stress using EEG, ECG and DT synergistically and used SKY to regulate it. We observed that alpha band power decreases in the frontal lobe of the brain with increasing mental stress while frontal brain asymmetry decreases with increasing stress tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: These EEG, ECG and DT shows a significant decrement in mental stress and improvement in cognitive performance after SKY, indicating SKY as a good alternative of medication for stress management. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Yoga Practice Improves the Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2017 May-Aug;10(2):103-106. PMID: 28546682 Abstract Author(s): Ashutosh Chauhan, Deepak Kumar Semwal, Satyendra Prasad Mishra, Ruchi Badoni Semwal Article Affiliation: Ashutosh Chauhan Abstract: BACKGROUND: Yoga, an ancient Indian system of exercise and therapy is an art of good living or an integrated system for the benefit of the body, mind, and inner spirit. Regular practice of yoga can help to increase blood flow to the brain, reduce stress, have a calming effect on the nervous system, and greatly help in reducing hypertension. AIM: Aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of 1-month yoga practice on body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of yoga practice on 64 participants (age 53.6± 13.1 years) (experimental group) whereas the results were compared with 26 healthy volunteers (control group). We examined the effects of yoga on physiological parameters in a 1-month pilot study. Most of the participants were learner and practiced yoga for 1 h daily in the morning for 1 month. BMI and BP (systolic and diastolic) were studied before and after 1 month of yoga practice. RESULTS: Yoga practice causes decreased BMI (26.4± 2.5-25.22 ± 2.4), systolic BP (136.9 ± 22.18 mmHg to 133 ± 21.38 mmHg), and diastolic BP (84.7 ± 6.5 mmHg to 82.34 ± 7.6 mmHg). On the other hand, no significant changes were observed in BMI and BP of control group. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that yoga practice has potential to control BMI and BP without taking any medication. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2017

Abstract Title: The Impact of the"Yogic Lifestyle"on Cancer Prognosis and Survival: Can we Target Cancer Stem Cells with Yoga? Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2017 May-Aug;10(2):95-98. PMID: 28546680 Abstract Author(s): Kavita Beri Article Affiliation: Kavita Beri Abstract: Cancer has recently been known to originate from stem cell-like cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Their unique properties of self-duplication, multiplication, as well as migration give the CSC resistance over conventional cancer therapies. Newer therapies are in developmental stage to target these stem cell-like populations and become the vanguard of future treatments. Several complementary and alternative treatments have been used in cancer management as an adjunct to conventional therapy to improve the overall quality of life and reduce recurrence. Yoga stands as the third most popular of all complementary and alternative medicine treatments currently used in cancer patients today. Preliminary results show that yoga modulates neural, hormonal, and immune functions at a cellular level. The scope of this commentary is to discuss the current evidence-based medicine on yoga and its effect on CSCs. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Yoga can improve older people's mental health. Abstract Source: Nurs Older People. 2017 Apr 28 ;29(4):11. PMID: 28452266 Abstract Author(s):   Abstract: Yoga has consistently yielded encouraging results in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder, and has also been shown to improve mood and decrease symptoms of depression. Article Published Date : Apr 27, 2017

Abstract Title: Blood Pressure Response to Meditation and Yoga: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Apr 6. Epub 2017 Apr 6. PMID: 28384004 Abstract Author(s): Seong-Hi Park, Kuem Sun Han Article Affiliation: Seong-Hi Park Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To introduce research that presents scientific evidence regarding the effects of mantra and mindfulness meditation techniques and yoga on decreasing blood pressure (BP) in patients who have hypertension. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify all studies published between 1946 and 2014 from periodicals indexed in Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, KoreaMed, and NDSL by using the following keywords:"hypertension,""blood pressure,""psychotherapy,""relaxation therapy,""meditation,""yoga,"and"mind-body therapy."The Cochrane's Risk of Bias was applied to assess the internal validity of the randomized controlled trial studies. Thirteen studies were analyzed in this meta-analysis by using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: Among 510 possible studies, 13 met the selection criteria. Seven examined meditation, and six examined yoga. The meta-analysis indicated that meditation and yoga appeared to decrease both systolic and diastolic BP, which were within similar baseline ranges, and the reduction was statistically significant; however, some results showed little difference. After an in-depth analysis of those results, BP range and patient age were revealed as the factors that affected the different results in some reports. In particular, meditation played a noticeable role in decreasing the BP of subjects older than 60 years of age, whereas yoga seemed to contribute to the decrease of subjects aged less than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: While acknowledging the limitations of this research due to the differences in BP and the participants' ages, meditation and yoga are demonstrated to be effective alternatives to pharmacotherapy. Given that BP decreased with the use of meditation and yoga, and this effect varied in different age groups, scientifically measured outcomes indicate that these practices are safe alternatives in some cases. Article Published Date : Apr 05, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga and aerobics exercise on sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Sleep Sci. 2017 Apr-Jun;10(2):68-72. PMID: 28966742 Abstract Author(s): Mohsen Ebrahimi, Tayebe Nazari Guilan-Nejad, Abbas Foroughi Pordanjani Article Affiliation: Mohsen Ebrahimi Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of 12 weeks of yoga and aerobic exercise (running on a treadmill) on the sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 39 diabetic women were selected from Semnan city with the mean age of 46.85±3.35 years, weight of 69.79±17.18 kg, height of 155.03±5.00, BMI of 29.64±5.00 kg/m(2) who had a background of diabetes for 6.46±2.69 years. They were then randomly divided into yoga exercise (n=15), aerobic exercise (n=13), and control group (n=11). The exercise program was performed for 12 weeks, three sessions per each week. In order to measure the sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. The data were analyzed by non-parametric wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis Test at significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Overall score of sleep quality improved after six (p=0.001) and 12 (p=0.001) weeks of yoga exercise. Also, significant effect was observed after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise (p=0.039). However, the positive effect was diminished to under significant levels after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (p=0.154). Kruskal-Wallis Test showed significant differences between yoga and aerobic groups after 12 weeks of exercise (p=0.002). No significant differences were observed in control groups in all situation. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that yoga exercise is more effective in improving the sleep quality in comparison with the same course of aerobic exercise in women suffering from diabetes Type 2. Thus, yoga exercise can be suggested to these patients. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of Bhrāmarī Prāṇāyāma Practice on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Adolescents: A Randomized Control Study. Abstract Source: Anc Sci Life. 2017 Apr-Jun;36(4):196-199. PMID: 29269971 Abstract Author(s): Maheshkumar Kuppusamy, K Dilara, P Ravishankar, A Julius Article Affiliation: Maheshkumar Kuppusamy Abstract: Context: Prāṇāyāma, the fourth limb of ancient aṣṭāṅga yoga consists of breathing techniques which produce various physiological and psychological effects. Though various types of prāṇāyāma and their effects have been scientifically established, Bhrāmarī prāṇāyāma (Bhr.P) is the one whose effects still remain understated. Aims: The present study was conducted to find the effects of Bhrāmarī prāṇāyāma practice on pulmonary function in healthy adolescents. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Subjects and Methods: 90 healthy adolescents including 32 females and 58 males participated in the study. They were randomly divided into Bhr.P group (n = 45) and Control group (n = 45) by a simple lottery method. Pulmonary function test was done at baseline and at end of 12th week using RMS Helios spirometry. Prāṇāyāma group students were trained to do Bhr.P as 3 to 4 breaths/min for 5 min followed by 2 min rest. This was one cycle and in this way, they were instructed to do five cycles each time for 45 minutes five days in a week. Control group students were not allowed to practice any kind of exercise throughout the study period. Statistical Analysis: Student paired and unpaired T tests were used to analyse the intra group and intergroup differences using R statistical software. Results: A significant (P<0.05) improvement in all pulmonary function parameters; FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF 25%-75% and PEFR was seen in the Bhr.P group than the control group adolescents. Slow vital capacity (SVC) and Maximum Voluntary Volume (MVV) also showed significant improvement in the prāṇāyāma group. Conclusions: Bhrāmarī Prāṇāyāma practice is effective in improving the pulmonary function among the adolescents which could be utilized for further clinical studies. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Yin yoga and mindfulness: a five week randomized controlled study evaluating the effects of the YOMI program on stress and worry. Abstract Source: Anxiety Stress Coping. 2017 Mar 13:1-14. Epub 2017 Mar 13. PMID: 28286971 Abstract Author(s): Frida Hylander, Maria Johansson, Daiva Daukantaitė, Kai Ruggeri Article Affiliation: Frida Hylander Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The YOMI program is a psychoeducational training and physical practice-based program that bridges knowledge from evidence-based psychotherapy with the practice of mindfulness and yin yoga. It consists of 10 content-specific sessions and does not include home assignments. The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effects of the five-week YOMI program on perceived stress, worry and mindfulness in a non-clinical sample. DESIGN AND METHOD: In this randomized controlled trial participants were assigned to two groups. Group 1 participated in the five-week intervention twice a week while Group 2 was assigned to a waiting-list condition and participated in the intervention after Group 1. All measures were administered through self-report questionnaires, conducted via a web-based program. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicated significant effects of the YOMI program on decreasing stress and worry, and increasing mindfulness. Notably these changes were still present at five-week follow up. Consistent with the hypotheses, results suggested that the YOMI program established a group setting where individuals learned to use tools and methods to facilitate better self-directed practice. The study shows moderate to large effect sizes. Article Published Date : Mar 12, 2017

Abstract Title: Sudarshan Kriya Yoga improves cardiac autonomic control in patients with anxiety-depression disorders. Abstract Source: J Affect Disord. 2017 Mar 7 ;214:74-80. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PMID: 28285240 Abstract Author(s): Edgar Toschi-Dias, Eleonora Tobaldini, Monica Solbiati, Giorgio Costantino, Roberto Sanlorenzo, Stefania Doria, Floriana Irtelli, Claudio Mencacci, Nicola Montano Article Affiliation: Edgar Toschi-Dias Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that adjuvant therapies as exercise and breathing training are effective in improving cardiac autonomic control (CAC) in patients with affective spectrum disorders. However, the effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) on autonomic function in this population is unknown. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that SKY training improves CAC and cardiorespiratory coupling in patients with anxiety and/or depression disorders. METHODS: Forty-six patients with a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression disorders (DSM-IV) were consecutively enrolled and divided in two groups: 1) conventional therapy (Control) and 2) conventional therapy associated with SKY (Treatment) for 15 days. Anxiety and depression levels were determined using quantitative questionnaires. For the assessment of CAC and cardiorespiratory coupling, cardiorespiratory traces were analyzed using monovariate and bivariate autoregressive spectral analysis, respectively. RESULTS: After 15-days, we observed a reduction of anxiety and depression levels only in Treatment group. Moreover, sympathetic modulation and CAC were significantly lower while parasympathetic modulation and cardiorespiratory coupling were significantly higher in the Treatment compared to Control group. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive breathing training using SKY approach improves anxiety and/or depressive disorders as well as CAC and cardiorespiratory coupling. These finding suggest that the SKY training may be a useful non-pharmacological intervention to improve symptoms and reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with anxiety/depression disorders. Article Published Date : Mar 06, 2017

Abstract Title: A narrative review on role of Yoga as an adjuvant in the management of risk factor, disease progression and the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abstract Source: Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017 Mar 6. Epub 2017 Mar 6. PMID: 28283397 Abstract Author(s): A Mooventhan Article Affiliation: A Mooventhan Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major health problems in the world as well as in India that greatly affects the health care sector and economy. Use of drugs has its own drawbacks and in recent days the use of non-medical measures were reported not only to manage T2DM, but also to prevent its complications. Through there are various review articles that are dealing with the effect of Yoga on risk profiles, management along with the mechanisms of action of yoga in T2DM separately, there is a lack of comprehensive review on the effect of Yoga in combination with all the above mentioned including the effect of Yoga in the management of T2DM complications. Hence, we performed a narrative review in Medline/PubMed using keyword"Yoga and diabetes". All the relevant articles published till 08th November 2016 were included. Based on the available literature, it could be concluded that Yoga plays a vital role as an adjuvant in the management of risk factors, disease progression and the complications of the T2DM. Further studies are warranted using standard research designs and variables to find out the various mechanisms of effects of Yoga in detail. Article Published Date : Mar 05, 2017

Abstract Title: Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Iyengar Yoga and Coherent Breathing: A Randomized Controlled Dosing Study. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Mar ;23(3):201-207. Epub 2017 Feb 16. PMID: 28296480 Abstract Author(s): Chris C Streeter, Patricia L Gerbarg, Theodore H Whitfield, Liz Owen, Jennifer Johnston, Marisa M Silveri, Marysia Gensler, Carol L Faulkner, Cathy Mann, Mary Wixted, Anne Marie Hernon, Maren B Nyer, E Richard P Brown, John E Jensen Article Affiliation: Chris C Streeter Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the effects of an intervention of Iyengar yoga and coherent breathing at five breaths per minute on depressive symptoms and to determine optimal intervention yoga dosing for future studies in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Subjects were randomized to the high-dose group (HDG) or low-dose group (LDG) for a 12-week intervention of three or two intervention classes per week, respectively. Eligible subjects were 18-64 years old with MDD, had baseline Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores≥14, and were either on no antidepressant medications or on a stable dose of antidepressants for ≥3 months. The intervention included 90-min classes plus homework. Outcome measures were BDI-II scores and intervention compliance. RESULTS: Fifteen HDG (Mage = 38.4 ± 15.1 years) and 15 LDG (Mage = 34.7 ± 10.4 years) subjects completed the intervention. BDI-II scores at screening and compliance did not differ between groups (p = 0.26). BDI-II scores declined significantly from screening (24.6 ± 1.7) to week 12 (6.0 ± 3.8)for the HDG (-18.6 ± 6.6; p < 0.001), and from screening (27.7 ± 2.1) to week 12 (10.1 ± 7.9) in the LDG (-17.7 ± 9.3; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups, based on response (i.e.,>50% decrease in BDI-II scores; p = 0.65) for the HDG (13/15 subjects) and LDG (11/15 subjects) or remission (i.e., number of subjects with BDI-II scores<14; p = 1.00) for the HDG (14/15 subjects) and LDG (13/15 subjects) after the 12-week intervention, although a greater number of subjects in the HDG had 12-week BDI-II scores ≤10 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: During this 12-week intervention of yoga plus coherent breathing, depressive symptoms declined significantly in patients with MDD in both the HDG and LDG. Both groups showed comparable compliance and clinical improvements, with more subjects in the HDG exhibiting BDI-II scores≤10 at week 12. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2017

Abstract Title: Efficacy of Structured Yoga Intervention for Sleep, Gastrointestinal and Behaviour Problems of ASD Children: An Exploratory Study. Abstract Source: J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Mar ;11(3):VC01-VC06. Epub 2017 Mar 1. PMID: 28511484 Abstract Author(s): Kumar Narasingharao, Balaram Pradhan, Janardhana Navaneetham Article Affiliation: Kumar Narasingharao Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental disorder which appears at early childhood age between 18 and 36 months. Apart from behaviour problems ASD children also suffer from sleep and Gastrointestinal (GI) problems. Major behaviour problems of ASD children are lack of social communication and interaction, less attention span, repetitive and restrictive behaviour, lack of eye to eye contact, aggressive and self-injurious behaviours, sensory integration problems, motor problems, deficiency in academic activities, anxiety and depression etc. Our hypothesis is that structured yoga intervention will brings significant changes in the problems of ASD children. AIM: The aim of this study was to find out efficacy of structured yoga intervention for sleep problems, gastrointestinal problems and behaviour problems of ASD children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was an exploratory study with pre-test and post-test control design. Three sets of questionnaires having 61 questions developed by researchers were used to collect data pre and post yoga intervention. Questionnaires were based on three problematic areas of ASD children as mentioned above and were administered to parents by teachers under the supervision of researcher and clinical psychologists. Experimental group was given yoga intervention for a period of 90 days and control group continued with school curriculum. RESULTS: Both children and parents participated in this intervention. Significant changes were seen post yoga intervention in three areas of problems as mentioned above. Statistical analysis also showed significance value of 0.001 in the result. CONCLUSION: Structured yoga intervention can be conducted for a large group of ASD children with parent's involvement. Yoga can be used as alternative therapy to reduce the severity of symptoms of ASD children. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2017  

Abstract Title: Framingham Risk Score and Estimated 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction by a Short-Term Yoga-Based Life-Style Intervention. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Feb 16. Epub 2017 Feb 16. PMID: 28437144 Abstract Author(s): Rashmi Yadav, Raj Kumar Yadav, Kumar Sarvottam, Ritesh Netam Article Affiliation: Rashmi Yadav Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a short-term yoga-based life-style intervention program in lowering Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk. METHODS: This was a single-arm, pre-post interventional study including data from a historical cohort with low to moderate risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital. Participants with low (0 or 1 CVD risk factors) to moderately high risk (10-year risk between 10% and 20% and two or more CVD risk factors) were included. Participants with previously diagnosed CVD, defined as a history of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or cerebrovascular accident, were excluded from the analysis. However, those with controlled hypertension were included. Intervention included a pretested short-term yoga-based life-style intervention, which included asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), meditation, relaxation techniques, stress management, group support, nutrition awareness program, and individualized advice. The intervention was for 10 days, spread over 2 weeks. However, participants were encouraged to include it in their day-to-day life. Outcomes included changes in FRS, and estimated 10-year CVD risk from baseline to week 2. A gender-based subgroup analysis was also done, and correlation between changes in FRS and cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated. RESULTS: Data for 554 subjects were screened, and 386 subjects (252 females) were included in the analysis. There was a significant reduction in FRS (p < 0.001) and estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk (p < 0.001) following the short-term yoga-based intervention. There was a strong positive correlation between reduction in FRS and serum total cholesterol (r = 0.60; p < 0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between reduction in FRS and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.58; p < 0.001), and a weak but positive correlation between reduction in FRS and triglycerides (r = 0.26; p ≤ 0.001), serum very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.29; p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.20; p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This yoga-based life-style intervention program significantly reduced the CVD risk, as shown by lowered FRS and estimated 10-year CVD risk. Further testing of this promising intervention is warranted in the long term. Article Published Date : Feb 15, 2017

Abstract Title: Medical Yoga Therapy. Abstract Source: Children (Basel). 2017 Feb 10 ;4(2). Epub 2017 Feb 10. PMID: 28208599 Abstract Author(s): Ina Stephens Article Affiliation: Ina Stephens Abstract: Medical yoga is defined as the use of yoga practices for the prevention and treatment of  medical conditions. Beyond the physical elements of yoga, which are important and effective for  strengthening  the  body,  medical  yoga  also  incorporates  appropriate  breathing  techniques,  mindfulness, and meditation in order to achieve the maximum benefits. Multiple studies have  shown that yoga can positively impact the body in many ways, including helping to regulate blood  glucose levels, improve musculoskeletal ailments and keeping the cardiovascular system in tune. It  also has been shown to have important psychological benefits, as the practice of yoga can help to  increase mental energy and positive feelings, and decrease negative feelings of aggressiveness,  depression and anxiety. Article Published Date : Feb 09, 2017

Abstract Title: A Randomized controlled trial of the effect of yoga and peer support on glycaemic outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a feasibility study. Abstract Source: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Feb 7 ;17(1):100. Epub 2017 Feb 7. PMID: 28173786 Abstract Author(s): Aswathy Sreedevi, Unnikrishnan Ambika Gopalakrishnan, Sundaram Karimassery Ramaiyer, Leelamoni Kamalamma Article Affiliation: Aswathy Sreedevi Abstract: BACKGROUND: Type two diabetes is a complex and demanding chronic disease and its impact in a state (Kerala) which leads India in terms of the number of people with Diabetes is profound. Though the male to female ratio among the people with diabetes is roughly equal, women are uniquely and more severely affected. Management of type two Diabetes requires considerable dexterity on the part of the patient to manage drugs, diet and exercise. Therefore, in a low middle-income country like India it is necessary to look at low cost interventions that can empower the patient and build on available resources to help manage diabetes. Hence, we studied the feasibility and effect of two low cost interventions; yoga and peer support on glycaemic and other outcomes among women with type two diabetes. METHODS: An open label parallel three armed randomized control trial was conducted among 124 recruited women with Diabetes for three months. Block randomization with a block length of six was carried out with each group having at least 41 women. In the Yoga arm, sessions by an instructor, consisting of a group of postures coordinated with breathing were conducted for an hour, two days a week. In the peer support arm each peer mentor after training visited 13-14 women with diabetes every week followed by a phone call. The meeting was about applying disease management or prevention plans in daily life. RESULTS: There was a trend in decline of fasting plasma glucose in the peer and yoga group and of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the yoga group only, though not significant. A significant decrease was observed in diastolic blood pressure and hip circumference in the yoga group. The process indicated that most (80%) of the women in the yoga group attended classes regularly and 90% of the women in the peer group reported that peer mentoring was useful. CONCLUSION: The effect of yoga and peer support on glycaemic outcomes was incremental. Longer term studies are necessary to ascertain the benefits shown by this feasibility study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CTRI/2011/12/002227 dated 14/12/2011. Article Published Date : Feb 06, 2017

Abstract Title: Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain. Abstract Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 12 ;1:CD010671. Epub 2017 Jan 12. PMID: 28076926 Abstract Author(s): L Susan Wieland, Nicole Skoetz, Karen Pilkington, Ramaprabhu Vempati, Christopher R D'Adamo, Brian M Berman Article Affiliation: L Susan Wieland Abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-specific low back pain is a common, potentially disabling condition usually treated with self-care and non-prescription medication. For chronic low back pain, current guidelines state that exercise therapy may be beneficial. Yoga is a mind-body exercise sometimes used for non-specific low back pain. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of yoga for treating chronic non-specific low back pain, compared to no specific treatment, a minimal intervention (e.g. education), or another active treatment, with a focus on pain, function, and adverse events. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, five other databases and four trials registers to 11 March 2016 without restriction of language or publication status. We screened reference lists and contacted experts in the field to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials of yoga treatment in people with chronic non-specific low back pain. We included studies comparing yoga to any other intervention or to no intervention. We also included studies comparing yoga as an adjunct to other therapies, versus those other therapies alone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently screened and selected studies, extracted outcome data, and assessed risk of bias. We contacted study authors to obtain missing or unclear information. We evaluated the overall certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 trials (1080 participants) carried out in the USA (seven trials), India (three trials), and the UK (two trials). Studies were unfunded (one trial), funded by a yoga institution (one trial), funded by non-profit or government sources (seven trials), or did not report on funding (three trials). Most trials used Iyengar, Hatha, or Viniyoga forms of yoga. The trials compared yoga to no intervention or a non-exercise intervention such as education (seven trials), an exercise intervention (three trials), or both exercise and non-exercise interventions (two trials). All trials were at high risk of performance and detection bias because participants and providers were not blinded to treatment assignment, and outcomes were self-assessed. Therefore, we downgraded all outcomes to 'moderate' certainty evidence because of risk of bias, and when there was additional serious risk of bias, unexplained heterogeneity between studies, or the analyses were imprecise, we downgraded the certainty of the evidence further.For yoga compared to non-exercise controls (9 trials; 810 participants), there was low-certainty evidence that yoga produced small to moderate improvements in back-related function at three to four months (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.66 to -0.14; corresponding to a change in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire of mean difference (MD) -2.18, 95% -3.60 to -0.76), moderate-certainty evidence for small to moderate improvements at six months (SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.22; corresponding to a change in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire of MD -2.15, 95% -3.23 to -1.08), and low-certainty evidence for small improvements at 12 months (SMD -0.26, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.05; corresponding to a change in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire of MD -1.36, 95% -2.41 to -0.26). On a 0-100 scale there was very low- to moderate-certainty evidence that yoga was slightly better for pain at three to four months (MD -4.55, 95% CI -7.04 to -2.06), six months (MD -7.81, 95% CI -13.37 to -2.25), and 12 months (MD -5.40, 95% CI -14.50 to -3.70), however we pre-defined clinically significant changes in pain as 15 points or greater and this threshold was not met. Based on information from six trials, there was moderate-certainty evidence that the risk of adverse events, primarily increased back pain, was higher in yoga than in non-exercise controls (risk difference (RD) 5%, 95% CI 2% to 8%).For yoga compared to non-yoga exercise controls (4 trials; 394 participants), there was very-low-certainty evidence for little or no difference in back-related function at three months (SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.65 to 0.20; corresponding to a change in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire of MD -0.99, 95% -2.87 to 0.90) and six months (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.59 to 0.19; corresponding to a change in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire of MD -0.90, 95% -2.61 to 0.81), and no information on back-related function after six months. There was very low-certainty evidence for lower pain on a 0-100 scale at seven months (MD -20.40, 95% CI -25.48 to -15.32), and no information on pain at three months or after seven months. Based on information from three trials, there was low-certainty evidence for no difference in the risk of adverse events between yoga and non-yoga exercise controls (RD 1%, 95% CI -4% to 6%).For yoga added to exercise compared to exercise alone (1 trial; 24 participants), there was very-low-certainty evidence for little or no difference at 10 weeks in back-related function (SMD -0.60, 95% CI -1.42 to 0.22; corresponding to a change in the Oswestry Disability Index of MD -17.05, 95% -22.96 to 11.14) or pain on a 0-100 scale (MD -3.20, 95% CI -13.76 to 7.36). There was no information on outcomes at other time points. There was no information on adverse events.Studies provided limited evidence on risk of clinical improvement, measures of quality of life, and depression. There was no evidence on work-related disability. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is low- to moderate-certainty evidence that yoga compared to non-exercise controls results in small to moderate improvements in back-related function at three and six months. Yoga may also be slightly more effective for pain at three and six months, however the effect size did not meet predefined levels of minimum clinical importance. It is uncertain whether there is any difference between yoga and other exercise for back-related function or pain, or whether yoga added to exercise is more effective than exercise alone. Yoga is associated with more adverse events than non-exercise controls, but may have the same risk of adverse events as other back-focused exercise. Yoga is not associated with serious adverse events. There is a need for additional high-quality research to improve confidence in estimates of effect, to evaluate long-term outcomes, and to provide additional information on comparisons between yoga and other exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain. Article Published Date : Jan 11, 2017

Abstract Title: A Qualitative Study Exploring Community Yoga Practice in Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Jan 11. Epub 2017 Jan 11. PMID: 28075155 Abstract Author(s): Heather M Greysen, S Ryan Greysen, Kathryn A Lee, Oi Saeng Hong, Patricia Katz, Heather Leutwyler Article Affiliation: Heather M Greysen Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Yoga may improve physical function and reduce disease symptoms in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known about how patients with RA are practicing yoga in the community. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore community yoga practice characteristics and thoughts about yoga practice for adults with RA. DESIGN: Participants completed a semi-structured telephone interview with open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 17 adults with rheumatologist-diagnosed RA who had participated in yoga within the past year were asked about the decision to start, continue, and stop yoga; the perceived benefits of yoga; components of yoga sessions; and general thoughts about yoga as it relates to RA. RESULTS: Although eight different styles of yoga were practiced, commonalities in yoga class components (such as stretching, strengthening, deep breathing, meditation, and positive messaging from the instructor) reveal examples of preferred types of yoga for patients with RA. Three main themes emerged, each with multiple subthemes: (1) motivators (physical fitness, influence of others, reduced price), (2) barriers (cost, symptom burden, class difficulty), and (3) benefits of yoga practice (mind-body, a tool for coping, pride/achievement, social, and"yoga meets you where you are"). CONCLUSION: In this study, patients with RA described how yoga practice helped improve physical and psychosocial symptoms related to their disease. Yoga practice, a dynamic exercise, encompassing many different styles, can provide many benefits for adults with RA; however, yoga may not be beneficial for every adult with RA. Article Published Date : Jan 10, 2017

Abstract Title: Effects of Yoga on Heart Rate Variability and Depressive Symptoms in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Jan 4. Epub 2017 Jan 4. PMID: 28051319 Abstract Author(s): I-Hua Chu, Wen-Lan Wu, I-Mei Lin, Yu-Kai Chang, Yuh-Jen Lin, Pin-Chen Yang Article Affiliation: I-Hua Chu Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week yoga program on heart rate variability (HRV) and depressive symptoms in depressed women. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-six sedentary women scoring≥14 on the Beck Depression Inventory-II were randomized to either the yoga or the control group. The yoga group completed a 12-week yoga program, which took place twice a week for 60 min per session and consisted of breathing exercises, yoga pose practice, and supine meditation/relaxation. The control group was instructed not to engage in any yoga practice and to maintain their usual level of physical activity during the course of the study. Participants' HRV, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and post-test. RESULTS: The yoga group had a significant increase in high-frequency HRV and decreases in low-frequency HRV and low frequency/high frequency ratio after the intervention. The yoga group also reported significantly reduced depressive symptoms and perceived stress. No change was found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week yoga program was effective in increasing parasympathetic tone and reducing depressive symptoms and perceived stress in women with elevated depressive symptoms. Regular yoga practice may be recommended for women to cope with their depressive symptoms and stress and to improve their HRV. Article Published Date : Jan 03, 2017

Abstract Title: Yoga for improving health-related quality of life, mental health and cancer-related symptoms in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Abstract Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 3 ;1:CD010802. Epub 2017 Jan 3. PMID: 28045199 Abstract Author(s): Holger Cramer, Romy Lauche, Petra Klose, Silke Lange, Jost Langhorst, Gustav J Dobos Article Affiliation: Holger Cramer Abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the cancer most frequently diagnosed in women worldwide. Even though survival rates are continually increasing, breast cancer is often associated with long-term psychological distress, chronic pain, fatigue and impaired quality of life. Yoga comprises advice for an ethical lifestyle, spiritual practice, physical activity, breathing exercises and meditation. It is a complementary therapy that is commonly recommended for breast cancer-related impairments and has been shown to improve physical and mental health in people with different cancer types. OBJECTIVES: To assess effects of yoga on health-related quality of life, mental health and cancer-related symptoms among women with a diagnosis of breast cancer who are receiving active treatment or have completed treatment. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Specialised Register, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 1), Indexing of Indian Medical Journals (IndMED), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal and Clinicaltrials.gov on 29 January 2016. We also searched reference lists of identified relevant trials or reviews, as well as conference proceedings of the International Congress on Complementary Medicine Research (ICCMR), the European Congress for Integrative Medicine (ECIM) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials were eligible when they (1) compared yoga interventions versus no therapy or versus any other active therapy in women with a diagnosis of non-metastatic or metastatic breast cancer, and (2) assessed at least one of the primary outcomes on patient-reported instruments, including health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, fatigue or sleep disturbances. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently collected data on methods and results. We expressed outcomes as standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and conducted random-effects model meta-analyses. We assessed potential risk of publication bias through visual analysis of funnel plot symmetry and heterogeneity between studies by using the Chi(2) test and the I(2) statistic. We conducted subgroup analyses for current treatment status, time since diagnosis, stage of cancer and type of yoga intervention. MAIN RESULTS: We included 24 studies with a total of 2166 participants, 23 of which provided data for meta-analysis. Thirteen studies had low risk of selection bias, five studies reported adequate blinding of outcome assessment and 15 studies had low risk of attrition bias.Seventeen studies that compared yoga versus no therapy provided moderate-quality evidence showing that yoga improved health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.40; 10 studies, 675 participants), reduced fatigue (pooled SMD -0.48, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.20; 11 studies, 883 participants) and reduced sleep disturbances in the short term (pooled SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.09; six studies, 657 participants). The funnel plot for health-related quality of life was asymmetrical, favouring no therapy, and the funnel plot for fatigue was roughly symmetrical. This hints at overall low risk of publication bias. Yoga did not appear to reduce depression (pooled SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.05; seven studies, 496 participants; low-quality evidence) or anxiety (pooled SMD -0.53, 95% CI -1.10 to 0.04; six studies, 346 participants; very low-quality evidence) in the short term and had no medium-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.10, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.42; two studies, 146 participants; low-quality evidence) or fatigue (pooled SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.29; two studies, 146 participants; low-quality evidence). Investigators reported no serious adverse events.Four studies that compared yoga versus psychosocial/educational interventions provided moderate-quality evidence indicating that yoga can reduce depression (pooled SMD -2.29, 95% CI -3.97 to -0.61; four studies, 226 participants), anxiety (pooled SMD -2.21, 95% CI -3.90 to -0.52; three studies, 195 participants) and fatigue (pooled SMD -0.90, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.50; two studies, 106 participants) in the short term. Very low-quality evidence showed no short-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD 0.81, 95% CI -0.50 to 2.12; two studies, 153 participants) or sleep disturbances (pooled SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.76 to 0.34; two studies, 119 participants). No trial adequately reported safety-related data.Three studies that compared yoga versus exercise presented very low-quality evidence showing no short-term effects on health-related quality of life (pooled SMD -0.04, 95% CI -0.30 to 0.23; three studies, 233 participants) or fatigue (pooled SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.66 to 0.25; three studies, 233 participants); no trial provided safety-related data. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-quality evidence supports the recommendation of yoga as a supportive intervention for improving health-related quality of life and reducing fatigue and sleep disturbances when compared with no therapy, as well as for reducing depression, anxiety and fatigue, when compared with psychosocial/educational interventions. Very low-quality evidence suggests that yoga might be as effective as other exercise interventions and might be used as an alternative to other exercise programmes. Article Published Date : Jan 02, 2017

Abstract Title: Evaluation of a specialized yoga program for persons with a spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: J Pain Res. 2017 ;10:999-1017. Epub 2017 May 3. PMID: 28496356 Abstract Author(s): Kathryn Curtis, Sander L Hitzig, Gitte Bechsgaard, Candice Stoliker, Charlene Alton, Nicole Saunders, Nicole Leong, Joel Katz Article Affiliation: Kathryn Curtis Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of a specialized yoga program for individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) on pain, psychological, and mindfulness variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants with SCI (n=23) were outpatients or community members affiliated with a rehabilitation hospital. Participants were randomized to an Iyengar yoga (IY; n=11) group or to a 6-week wait-list control (WLC; n=12) group. The IY group participated in a twice-weekly 6-week seated IY program; the WLC group participated in the same yoga program, after the IY group's yoga program had ended. Pain, psychological, and mindfulness measures were collected at two time points for both groups (within 1-2 weeks before and after program 1 and at a third time point for the WLC group (within 1 week after program 2). RESULTS: Linear mixed-effect growth models were conducted to evaluate the main effects of group at T2 (postintervention), controlling for T1 (preintervention) scores. T2 depression scores were lower (F1,18=6.1, P<0.05) and T2 self-compassion scores higher (F1,18=6.57, P<0.05) in the IY group compared to the WLC group. To increase sample size and power, the two groups were combined and analyzed across time by comparing pre- and postintervention scores. Main effects of time were found for depression scores, (F1,14.83=6.62, P<0.05), self-compassion, (F1,16.6=4.49, P<0.05), mindfulness (F1,16.79=5.42, P<0.05), mindful observing (F1,19.82=5.06, P<0.05), and mindful nonreactivity, (F1,16.53=4.92, P<0.05), all showing improvement after the intervention. DISCUSSION: The results indicated that a specialized 6-week yoga intervention reduced depressive symptoms and increased self-compassion in individuals with SCI, and may also have fostered greater mindfulness. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Yoga, Meditation and Mind-Body Health: Increased BDNF, Cortisol Awakening Response, and Altered Inflammatory Marker Expression after a 3-Month Yoga and Meditation Retreat. Abstract Source: Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 ;11:315. Epub 2017 Jun 26. PMID: 28694775 Abstract Author(s): B Rael Cahn, Matthew S Goodman, Christine T Peterson, Raj Maturi, Paul J Mills Article Affiliation: B Rael Cahn Abstract: Thirty-eight individuals (mean age: 34.8 years old) participating in a 3-month yoga and meditation retreat were assessed before and after the intervention for psychometric measures, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), circadian salivary cortisol levels, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Participation in the retreat was found to be associated with decreases in self-reported anxiety and depression as well as increases in mindfulness. As hypothesized, increases in the plasma levels of BDNF and increases in the magnitude of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) were also observed. The normalized change in BDNF levels was inversely correlated with BSI-18 anxiety scores at both the pre-retreat (r = 0.40, p<0.05) and post-retreat (r = 0.52, p<0.005) such that those with greater anxiety scores tended to exhibit smaller pre- to post-retreat increases in plasma BDNF levels. In line with a hypothesized decrease in inflammatory processes resulting from the yoga and meditation practices, we found that the plasma level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 was increased and the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-12 was reduced after the retreat. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, plasma levels of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) were increased after the retreat. Given evidence from previous studies of the positive effects of meditative practices on mental fitness, autonomic homeostasis and inflammatory status, we hypothesize that these findings are related to the meditative practices throughout the retreat; however, some of the observed changes may also be related to other aspects of the retreat such as physical exercise-related components of the yoga practice and diet. We hypothesize that the patterns of change observed here reflect mind-body integration and well-being. The increased BDNF levels observed is a potential mediator between meditative practices and brain health, the increased CAR is likely a reflection of increased dynamic physiological arousal, and the relationship of the dual enhancement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes to healthy immunologic functioning is discussed. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Greater Cortical Thickness in Elderly Female Yoga Practitioners-A Cross-Sectional Study. Abstract Source: Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 ;9:201. Epub 2017 Jun 20. PMID: 28676757 Abstract Author(s): Rui F Afonso, Joana B Balardin, Sara Lazar, João R Sato, Nadja Igarashi, Danilo F Santaella, Shirley S Lacerda, Edson Amaro, Elisa H Kozasa Article Affiliation: Rui F Afonso Abstract: Yoga, a mind-body activity that requires attentional engagement, has been associated with positive changes in brain structure and function, especially in areas related to awareness, attention, executive functions and memory. Normal aging, on the other hand, has also been associated with structural and functional brain changes, but these generally involve decreased cognitive functions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare brain cortical thickness (CT) in elderly yoga practitioners and a group of age-matched healthy non-practitioners. We tested 21 older women who had practiced hatha yoga for at least 8 years and 21 women naive to yoga, meditation or any mind-body interventions who were matched to the first group in age, years of formal education and physical activity level. A T1-weighted MPRAGE sequence was acquired for each participant. Yoga practitioners showed significantly greater CT in a left prefrontal lobe cluster, which included portions of the lateral middle frontal gyrus, anterior superior frontal gyrus and dorsal superior frontal gyrus. We found greater CT in the left prefrontal cortex of healthy elderly women who trained yoga for a minimum of 8 years compared with women in the control group. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Yoga Poses Increase Subjective Energy and State Self-Esteem in Comparison to 'Power Poses'. Abstract Source: Front Psychol. 2017 ;8:752. Epub 2017 May 11. PMID: 28553249 Abstract Author(s): Agnieszka Golec de Zavala, Dorottya Lantos, Deborah Bowden Article Affiliation: Agnieszka Golec de Zavala Abstract: Research on beneficial consequences of yoga focuses on the effects of yogic breathing and meditation. Less is known about the psychological effects of performing yoga postures. The present study investigated the effects of yoga poses on subjective sense of energy and self-esteem. The effects of yoga postures were compared to the effects of 'power poses,' which arguably increase the sense of power and self-confidence due to their association with interpersonal dominance (Carney et al., 2010). The study tested the novel prediction that yoga poses, which are not associated with interpersonal dominance but increase bodily energy, would increase the subjective feeling of energy and therefore increase self-esteem compared to 'high power' and 'low power' poses. A two factorial, between participants design was employed. Participants performed either two standing yoga poses with open front of the body (n = 19), two standing yoga poses with covered front of the body (n = 22), two expansive, high power poses (n = 21), or two constrictive, low power poses (n = 20) for 1-min each. The results showed that yoga poses in comparison to 'power poses' increased self-esteem. This effect was mediated by an increased subjective sense of energy and was observed when baseline trait self-esteem was controlled for. These results suggest that the effects of performing open, expansive body postures may be driven by processes other than the poses' association with interpersonal power and dominance. This study demonstrates that positive effects of yoga practice can occur after performing yoga poses for only 2 min. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: The Efficacy of Yoga as a Form of Treatment for Depression. Abstract Source: J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan 1:2156587217715927. Epub 2017 Jan 1. PMID: 28664775 Abstract Author(s): Ledetra Bridges, Manoj Sharma Article Affiliation: Ledetra Bridges Abstract: The purpose of this article was to systematically review yoga interventions aimed at improving depressive symptoms. A total of 23 interventions published between 2011 and May 2016 were evaluated in this review. Three study designs were used: randomized control trials, quasi-experimental, and pretest/posttest, with majority being randomized control trials. Most of the studies were in the United States. Various yoga schools were used, with the most common being Hatha yoga. The number of participants participating in the studies ranged from 14 to 136, implying that most studies had a small sample. The duration of the intervention period varied greatly, with the majority being 6 weeks or longer. Limitations of the interventions involved the small sample sizes used by the majority of the studies, most studies examining the short-term effect of yoga for depression, and the nonutilization of behavioral theories. Despite the limitations, it can be concluded that the yoga interventions were effective in reducing depression. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Adherence to yoga and its resultant effects on blood glucose in Type 2 diabetes: A community-based follow-up study. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2017 Jan-Apr;10(1):29-36. PMID: 28149065 Abstract Author(s): Praveen Angadi, Aarti Jagannathan, Arun Thulasi, Vinod Kumar, K Umamaheshwar, Nagarathna Raghuram Article Affiliation: Praveen Angadi Abstract: AIM: To study the adherence to yoga and its effects on blood glucose parameters in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. METHODS: A single group longitudinal study over 6 months was conducted at VASK yoga centre, Bangalore. Fasting Blood Sugar, Post Prandial Blood Sugar Levels and Glycosylated Hemoglobin and qualitative in-depth interview of the participants and therapist was conducted at baseline, end of 3(rd) month and end of 6 months; intermediate observations was conducted at the end of every month. RESULTS: Adherence to yoga in the community in Bangalore is around 50% over 6 months. Participants who completed the yoga programme had significantly lower HbA1c (end of 3(rd) month). At the end of 6 months yoga adherence was significantly negatively correlated with FBS and stress. Further there was a trend towards those who dropped out having higher FBS, controlling for medication intake, stress levels and diet pattern (OR = 1.027, P = 0.07). Qualitative data revealed that most of the participants joined and completed the yoga programme to help cure their diabetes. Participants who dropped out from the yoga programme gave reasons of travel, ill-health and increased work-load at office. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to yoga has an effect on the blood glucose parameters in diabetes. Hence, strategies to motivate participants to undergo 'lifestyle modification practices' including maximizing adherence to yoga should be the focus to experience any beneficial effects of yoga. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Treating major depression with yoga: A prospective, randomized, controlled pilot trial. Abstract Source: PLoS One. 2017 ;12(3):e0173869. Epub 2017 Mar 16. PMID: 28301561 Abstract Author(s): Sudha Prathikanti, Renee Rivera, Ashly Cochran, Jose Gabriel Tungol, Nima Fayazmanesh, Eva Weinmann Article Affiliation: Sudha Prathikanti Abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies for major depression are associated with limited adherence to care and relatively low remission rates. Yoga may offer an alternative treatment option, but rigorous studies are few. This randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessors examined an 8-week hatha yoga intervention as mono-therapy for mild-to-moderate major depression. METHODS: Investigators recruited 38 adults in San Francisco meeting criteria for major depression of mild-to-moderate severity, per structured psychiatric interview and scores of 14-28 on Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). At screening, individuals engaged in psychotherapy, antidepressant pharmacotherapy, herbal or nutraceutical mood therapies, or mind-body practices were excluded. Participants were 68% female, with mean age 43.4 years (SD = 14.8, range = 22-72), and mean BDI score 22.4 (SD = 4.5). Twenty participants were randomized to 90-minute hatha yoga practice groups twice weekly for 8 weeks. Eighteen participants were randomized to 90-minute attention control education groups twice weekly for 8 weeks. Certified yoga instructors delivered both interventions at a university clinic. Primary outcome was depression severity, measured by BDI scores every 2 weeks from baseline to 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes were self-efficacy and self-esteem, measured by scores on the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) at baseline and at 8 weeks. RESULTS: In intent-to-treat analysis, yoga participants exhibited significantly greater 8-week decline in BDI scores than controls (p-value = 0.034). In sub-analyses of participants completing final 8-week measures, yoga participants were more likely to achieve remission, defined per final BDI score≤ 9 (p-value = 0.018). Effect size of yoga in reducing BDI scores was large, per Cohen's d = -0.96 [95%CI, -1.81 to -0.12]. Intervention groups did not differ significantly in 8-week change scores for either the GSES or RSES. CONCLUSION: In adults with mild-to-moderate major depression, an 8-week hatha yoga intervention resulted in statistically and clinically significant reductions in depression severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01210651. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Feasibility and Impact of an 8-Week Integrative Yoga Program in People with Moderate Multiple Sclerosis-Related Disability: A Pilot Study. Abstract Source: Int J MS Care. 2017 Jan-Feb;19(1):30-39. PMID: 28243184 Abstract Author(s): Evan T Cohen, David Kietrys, Susan Gould Fogerite, Mariella Silva, Kristen Logan, Donald A Barone, J Scott Parrott Article Affiliation: Evan T Cohen Abstract: BACKGROUND: This pilot study determined the feasibility of a specifically designed 8-week yoga program for people with moderate multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disability. We explored the program's effect on quality of life (QOL) and physical and mental performance. METHODS: We used a single-group design with repeated measurements at baseline, postintervention, and 8-week follow-up. Feasibility was examined through cost, recruitment, retention, attendance, and safety. Outcomes included the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI), 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12), Timed 25-Foot Walk test (T25FW), 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT), Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSTS), Multidirectional Reach Test (MDRT), maximum expiratory pressure, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3″ (PASAT-3″). RESULTS: Fourteen participants completed the study. The program was feasible. There were significant main effects on the 36-item Short Form Health Status Survey Mental Component Summary (SF-36 MCS), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), Bladder Control Scale (BLCS), Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), Mental Health Inventory (MHI), MSWS-12, T25FW, NHPT, PASAT-3″, 6MWT, FTSTS, and MDRT-Back. Improvements were found on the SF-36 MCS, MFIS, BLCS, PDQ, MHI, and MSWS-12 between baseline and postintervention. The effect on PDQ persisted at follow-up. Improvements were found on the T25FW, NHPT, 6MWT, FTSTS, and MDRT-Back between baseline and postintervention that persisted at follow-up. The PASAT-3″ did not change between baseline and postintervention but did between postintervention and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The yoga program was safe and feasible. Improvements in certain measures of QOL and performance were seen at postintervention and follow-up. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Impact of Yoga and Meditation on Cellular Aging in Apparently Healthy Individuals: A Prospective, Open-Label Single-Arm Exploratory Study. Abstract Source: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017 ;2017:7928981. Epub 2017 Jan 16. PMID: 28191278 Abstract Author(s): Madhuri Tolahunase, Rajesh Sagar, Rima Dada Article Affiliation: Madhuri Tolahunase Abstract: This study was designed to explore the impact of Yoga and Meditation based lifestyle intervention (YMLI) on cellular aging in apparently healthy individuals. During this 12-week prospective, open-label, single arm exploratory study, 96 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled to receive YMLI. The primary endpoints were assessment of the change in levels of cardinal biomarkers of cellular aging in blood from baseline to week 12, which included DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH2dG), oxidative stress markers reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and telomere attrition markers telomere length and telomerase activity. The secondary endpoints were assessment of metabotrophic blood biomarkers associated with cellular aging, which included cortisol,β-endorphin, IL-6, BDNF, and sirtuin-1. After 12 weeks of YMLI, there were significant improvements in both the cardinal biomarkers of cellular aging and the metabotrophic biomarkers influencing cellular aging compared to baseline values. The mean levels of 8-OH2dG, ROS, cortisol, and IL-6 were significantly lower and mean levels of TAC, telomerase activity, β-endorphin, BDNF, and sirtuin-1 were significantly increased (all values p<0.05) post-YMLI. The mean level of telomere length was increased but the finding was not significant (p = 0.069). YMLI significantly reduced the rate of cellular aging in apparently healthy population. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Chair Yoga on Pain and Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Lower Extremity Osteoarthritis. Abstract Source: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016 Dec 23. Epub 2016 Dec 23. PMID: 28008603 Abstract Author(s): Juyoung Park, Ruth McCaffrey, David Newman, Patricia Liehr, Joseph G Ouslander Article Affiliation: Juyoung Park Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine effects of Sit 'N' Fit Chair Yoga, compared to a Health Education program (HEP), on pain and physical function in older adults with lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA) who could not participate in standing exercise. DESIGN: Two-arm randomized controlled trial. SETTING: One HUD senior housing facility and one day senior center in south Florida. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 131) were randomly assigned to chair yoga (n = 66) or HEP (n = 65). Thirteen dropped after assignment but prior to the intervention; six dropped during the intervention; 106 of 112 completed at least 12 of 16 sessions (95% retention rate). INTERVENTIONS: Participants attended either chair yoga or HEP. Both interventions consisted of twice-weekly 45-minute sessions for 8 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Primary: pain, pain interference; secondary: balance, gait speed, fatigue, functional ability measured at baseline, after 4 weeks of intervention, at the end of the 8-week intervention, and post-intervention (1 and 3 months). RESULTS: The chair yoga group showed greater reduction in pain interference during the intervention (P = .01), sustained through 3 months (P = .022). WOMAC pain (P = .048), gait speed (P = .024), and fatigue (P = .037) were improved in the yoga group during the intervention (P = .048) but improvements were not sustained post intervention. Chair yoga had no effect on balance. CONCLUSION: An 8-week chair yoga program was associated with reduction in pain, pain interference, and fatigue, and improvement in gait speed, but only the effects on pain interference were sustained 3 months post intervention. Chair yoga should be further explored as a nonpharmacologic intervention for older people with OA in the lower extremities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02113410. Article Published Date : Dec 22, 2016

Abstract Title: Use of yoga in outpatient eating disorder treatment: a pilot study. Abstract Source: . PMID: 27980773 Abstract Author(s):   Abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with restrictive eating disorders present with co-morbid psychiatric disorders and many attempt to control symptoms using strenuous exercises that increase caloric expenditure. Yoga offers a safe avenue for the engagement in physical activity while providing an outlet for disease-associated symptoms. This study sought to examine use of yoga practice in an outpatient setting and its impact on anxiety, depression and body image disturbance in adolescents with eating disorders. METHODS: Twenty adolescent girls were recruited from an urban eating disorders clinic who participated in weekly yoga classes at a local studio, in addition to standard multidisciplinary care. Yoga instructors underwent training regarding this patient population. Participants completed questionnaires focused on anxiety, depression and body image disturbance prior to the first class, and following completion of 6 and 12 classes. RESULTS: In participants who completed the study, a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, depression, and body image disturbance was seen, including: Spielberger State anxiety mean scores decreased after the completion of 7-12 yoga classes [47 (95%CI 42-52) to 42 (95%CI 37-47), adj. p = 0.0316]; as did the anorexia nervosa scale [10 (95% CI 7-12) vs. 6 (95%CI 4-8), adj. p = .0004], scores on Beck depression scales [18 (95%CI 15-22) to 10 (95%CI 6-14), adj. p = .0001], and weight and shape concern scores [16 (95%CI 12-20) to 12 (95%CI 8-16), adj. p =0.0120] and [31 (95%CI 25-37) to 20 (95%CI 13-27), adj. p = 0.0034], respectively. No significant changes in body mass index were seen throughout the trial. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga practice combined with outpatient eating disorder treatment were shown to decrease anxiety, depression, and body image disturbance without negatively impacting weight. These preliminary results suggest yoga to be a promising adjunct treatment strategy, along with standard multidisciplinary care. However, whether yoga should be endorsed as a standard component of outpatient eating disorder treatment merits further study. Article Published Date : Dic 09, 2016

Abstract Title: Managing knee osteoarthritis with yoga or aerobic/strengthening exercise programs in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Rheumatol Int. 2016 Dec 2. Epub 2016 Dec 2. PMID: 27913870 Abstract Author(s): Corjena Cheung, Jean F Wyman, Ulf Bronas, Teresa McCarthy, Kyle Rudser, Michelle A Mathiason Article Affiliation: Corjena Cheung Abstract: Although exercise is often recommended for managing osteoarthritis (OA), limited evidence-based exercise options are available for older adults with OA. This study compared the effects of Hatha yoga (HY) and aerobic/strengthening exercises (ASE) on knee OA. Randomized controlled trial with three arms design was used: HY, ASE, and education control. Both HY and ASE groups involved 8 weekly 45-min group classes with 2-4 days/week home practice sessions. Control group received OA education brochures and weekly phone calls from study staff. Standardized instruments were used to measure OA symptoms, physical function, mood, spiritual health, fear of falling, and quality of life at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. HY/ASE adherences were assessed weekly using class attendance records and home practice video recordings. Primary analysis of the difference in the change from baseline was based on intent-to-treat and adjusted for baseline values. Eight-three adults with symptomatic knee OA completed the study (84% female;mean age 71.6 ± 8.0 years; mean BMI 29.0 ± 7.0 kg/m(2)). Retention rate was 82%. Compared to the ASE group at 8 weeks, participants in the HY group had a significant improvement from baseline in perception of OA symptoms (-9.6 [95% CI -15.3, -4]; p = .001), anxiety (-1.4 [95% CI -2.7, -0]; p = .04), and fear of falling (-4.6 [-7.5, -1.7]; p = .002). There were no differences in class/home practice adherence between HY and ASE. Three non-serious adverse events were reported from the ASE group. Both HY and ASE improved symptoms and function but HY may have superior benefits for older adults with knee OA. Trial registration The full trial protocol is available at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02525341). Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of Sudarshan Kriya on male prisoners with non psychotic psychiatric disorders: a randomized control trial. Abstract Source: Asian J Psychiatr. 2014 Dec ;12:43-9. Epub 2014 Jun 20. PMID: 25440560 Abstract Author(s): Pankaj Sureka, Sandeep Govil, Debadutta Dash, Chandika Dash, Mukesh Kumar, Vikas Singhal Article Affiliation: Pankaj Sureka Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether Sudarshan Kriya and related practices (SK&P) can lead to increased global assessment of functioning (GAF) and increased feeling of wellness in male prisoners with a non psychotic psychiatric disorder. METHODOLOGY: This is a six month parallel randomized controlled study with sample size of 230 male prisoners. Participants meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were assigned to a study or control group by simple random allocation in which random allocation sequence was generated using a random number table. Each individual study participant was involved in a daily program of SK&P for six weeks. Each individual control participant was instructed to sit in an armchair with his eyes closed and gentle attention to their breath for duration of six weeks. To be included in this study, a participant must be a male prisoner diagnosed to be suffering from a psychiatric disorder (except psychosis and bipolar affective disorder [BPAD]) by ICD-10 (DCR) criteria with age between 18 and 65 years. RESULTS: Majority of subjects were unemployed married individuals, educated until undermatric level and not having occupational skills of more than an unskilled labor level. Practicing SK&P for six weeks led to improvement in mean±SD score of study participants in GAF, anxiety (ANX), depressed mood (DEP), positive well being (PWB), general health (GH), self control (SC), vitality (VT) and total positive general well being (PGWB). Change in mean±SD score of study participants when compared with control participants was statistically significant in terms of GAF, ANX, DEP, PWB, GH and PGWB. Increase in SC and VT scores was statistically insignificant when compared with control participants. CONCLUSION: Practicing SK&P helps in improving GAF, PWB, GH and total PGWB of an individual. SK&P also causes significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels. Effect of SK&P on SC and VT is insignificant. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2014

Abstract Title: Impact of Hot Yoga on Arterial Stiffness and Quality of Life in Normal and Overweight/Obese Adults. Abstract Source: J Phys Act Health. 2016 Dec ;13(12):1360-1363. Epub 2016 Aug 24. PMID: 27633625 Abstract Author(s): Stacy D Hunter, Mandeep S Dhindsa, Emily Cunningham, Takashi Tarumi, Mohammed Alkatan, Nantinee Nualnim, Hirofumi Tanaka Article Affiliation: Stacy D Hunter Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with arterial stiffening and diminished quality of life. Bikram yoga may be a feasible alternative to traditional exercise among obese individuals. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Bikram yoga, a heated style of hatha yoga, on arterial stiffness in normal and overweight/obese adults. METHODS: Forty-three (23 normal body mass index or BMI; 20 overweight/obese) apparently healthy participants completed an 8-week Bikram yoga intervention. Body composition was estimated via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, arterial stiffness was measured via brachialankle pulse wave velocity, and health-related quality of life was assessed via RAND 36-Item Short Form survey at baseline and at the end of the 8-week intervention. RESULTS: After the intervention, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity decreased (P<.05) in overweight/obese participants while no such changes were observed in normal BMI participants. In the quality of life measures, emotional well-being improved (P<.05) in both groups, and general health improved (P<.05) only in the normal weight BMI group. CONCLUSION: Bikram yoga ameliorates arterial stiffness in overweight/obese adults and can positively impact quality of life regardless of BMI. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2016

Abstract Title: The Effect of Yoga on Functional Recovery Level in Schizophrenic Patients. Abstract Source: Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2016 Dec ;30(6):761-767. Epub 2016 Jul 30. PMID: 27888972 Abstract Author(s): Funda Kavak, Mine Ekinci Article Affiliation: Funda Kavak Abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of yoga on functional recovery level in schizophrenic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group. The population of the study consisted of schizophrenic patients with registered in Malatya and Elazığ Community Mental Health Centers and regularly going to these centers. The sample group of the study consisted of totally 100 patients including 50 patients in the experimental group and 50 patients in the control group who were specified through power analysis and chosen by using random sampling method from this population. The data were collected between April 2015 and August 2015. 'Patient Description Form' and 'FROGS' were used to collect the data. Yoga was applied to patients in the experimental group. Any intervention was not made to patients in the control group. Percentage distribution, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, chi-square, independent samples t test, and paired t test were used to assess the data. RESULTS: Patients in the control and experimental group pretest subscale and the total means scores of FROGS was found to be low. In the posttest subscale and total means scores of FROGS in the experimental group were higher than in the control group and the differences between them were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the experimental group pretest and posttest subscale and total means scores of FR0GS was determined to be statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Yoga that applied to schizophrenic patients it was determined to increased the level of functional recovery. It can be suggested that yoga should be used as an complementary method in nursing practise in order to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2016

Abstract Title: A Breathing-Based Meditation Intervention for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Following Inadequate Response to Antidepressants: A Randomized Pilot Study. Abstract Source: J Clin Psychiatry. 2016 Nov 22. Epub 2016 Nov 22. PMID: 27898207 Abstract Author(s): Anup Sharma, Marna S Barrett, Andrew J Cucchiara, Nalaka S Gooneratne, Michael E Thase Article Affiliation: Anup Sharma Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY) as an adjunctive intervention in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with inadequate response to antidepressant treatment. METHODS: Patients with MDD (defined by DSM-IV-TR) who were depressed despite≥ 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment were randomized to SKY or a waitlist control (delayed yoga) arm for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was change in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) total score from baseline to 2 months. The key secondary efficacy end points were change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) total scores. Analyses of the intent-to-treat (ITT) and completer sample were performed. The study was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania between October 2014 and December 2015. RESULTS: In the ITT sample (n = 25), the SKY arm (n = 13) showed a greater improvement in HDRS-17 total score compared to waitlist control (n = 12) (-9.77 vs 0.50, P = .0032). SKY also showed greater reduction in BDI total score versus waitlist control (-17.23 vs -1.75, P = .0101). Mean changes in BAI total score from baseline were significantly greater for SKY than waitlist (ITT mean difference: -5.19; 95% CI, -0.93 to -9.34; P = .0097; completer mean difference: -6.23; 95% CI, -1.39 to -11.07; P = .0005). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this randomized, waitlist-controlled pilot study suggest the feasibility and promise of an adjunctive SKY-based intervention for patients with MDD who have not responded to antidepressants. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02616549. Article Published Date : Nov 21, 2016

Abstract Title: The Practice of Hatha Yoga for the Treatment of Pain Associated with Endometriosis. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2016 Nov 21. Epub 2016 Nov 21. PMID: 27869485 Abstract Author(s): Andrea Vasconcelos Gonçalves, Nelson Filice Barros, Luis Bahamondes Article Affiliation: Andrea Vasconcelos Gonçalves Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare chronic pelvic pain, menstrual patterns, and quality of life (QoL) in two groups of women with endometriosis: those who did and those who did not participate in a specific 8-week yoga intervention. METHOD: This was a randomized controlled trial. It was conducted at the University of Campinas Medical School, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Forty women were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group of women who practiced yoga (n = 28), and a control group of women who did not practice yoga (n = 12). Participants attended 90-min scheduled yoga sessions twice a week for 8 weeks. Additionally, an Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP)-30 questionnaire was applied to evaluate women's QoL at admission and 2 months later upon completion of the yoga program. Menstrual and daily pain patterns were evaluated through a daily calendar (visual analog scale). RESULTS: The degree of daily pain was significantly lower among the women who practiced yoga compared with the non-yoga group (p = 0.0007). There was an improvement of QoL in both groups between baseline and the end of the study evaluation. In relation to EHP-30 domains, pain (p = 0.0046), impotence (p = 0.0006), well-being (p = 0.0009), and image (p = 0.0087) from the central questionnaire, and work (p = 0.0027) and treatment (p = 0.0245) from the modular questionnaire were significantly different between the study groups over time. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the diary of menstrual patterns (p = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Yoga practice was associated with a reduction in levels of chronic pelvic pain and an improvement in QoL in women with endometriosis. Article Published Date : Nov 20, 2016

Abstract Title: Yoga Practice for Reducing the Male Obesity and Weight Related Psychological Difficulties-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Nov ;10(11):OC22-OC28. Epub 2016 Nov 1. PMID: 28050422 Abstract Author(s): P B Rshikesan, Pailoor Subramanya, Ram Nidhi Article Affiliation: P B Rshikesan Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a health disorder and increasing all over the world. It is also a cause for many non-communicable diseases. Yoga practice reduces the stress level which may improve the eating habits and help in weight reduction. AIM: To assess the final outcome of the effects after 3 months of the 14 weeks yoga training on obesity of adult male in an urban setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial with parallel groups (Yoga and Control groups) on male obese. Total 80 subjects with Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 to 35 kg/cm(2) were enrolled and randomized into two equal groups in which 72 subjects (yoga n = 37 and control n=35) completed the trial. Yoga group mean age± SD was 40.03±8.74 and Control group mean age±SD was 42.20±12.06. A 14 weeks special IAYT (Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy) yoga training was given to the Yoga group and no specific activity was given to Control group. The interim results of this study at 14 weeks were covered in another article which is under process. After the 14 weeks of yoga training the Yoga group was asked to continue the yoga practice for the next 3 months and the Control group was not given any physical activity. The final outcome is covered in this paper. The assessments were anthropometric parameters of bodyweight (Wt), BMI (Body Mass Index), MAC (Mid-upper Arm Circumferences of left and right arm), WC (Waist Circumference), HC (Hip Circumference), WHR (Waist Hip Ratio), SKF (Skin Fold Thickness) of biceps, triceps, sub scapular, suprailiac and cumulative skin fold thickness value), Percentage body fat based on SKF and Psychological questionnaires of PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) and AAQW (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight related difficulty). Assessments were taken after 3 months of yoga training, for both Yoga and Control groups. Within group, between group and correlation analyseswere carried out using SPSS 21. RESULTS: Improvement in anthropometric and psychological parameters such as Wt, Percentage body fat, PSS were observed in the final outcome. Also, some of the improvements such as AAQW score were lost in the final outcome, compared to interim results. CONCLUSION: The yoga practice is effective for obesity control for adult male in an urban setting. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Sleep Disorder, Gastrointestinal Problems and Behaviour Problems Seen in Autism Spectrum Disorder Children and Yoga as Therapy: A Descriptive Review. Abstract Source: J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Nov ;10(11):VE01-VE03. Epub 2016 Nov 1. PMID: 28050484 Abstract Author(s): Kumar Narasingharao, Balaram Pradhan, Janardhana Navaneetham Article Affiliation: Kumar Narasingharao Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with deficiencies in many developmental milestones during the infantile childhood. Recent researches have shown that apart from behaviour problems, the ASD children also suffer from physiological conditions such as disturbed sleep and gastrointestinal problems that could be the contributing factors to their daytime behaviour problems. Lots of parents have expressed that, lack of sleep among the children have resulted in high levels of stress among the family members particularly among the immediate caretakers which are in most cases the mother of the child. Early behaviour intervention is a norm for ASD children which mainly affect the psychological level. Through this paper, an effort has been made to study the contributions made by yoga in order to mitigate such problems. Yoga is a non-invasive and alternative therapy that brings change in both physiological and psychological level of an individual. High levels of stress among the caretakers of these children could make them susceptible to non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis etc. Parental based yoga intervention can be more effective for both children and parents and subsequently to the entire family. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy on Male Obesity and Psychological Parameters-A Randomised Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Oct ;10(10):KC01-KC06. Epub 2016 Oct 1. PMID: 27891357 Abstract Author(s): P B Rshikesan, Pailoor Subramanya Article Affiliation: P B Rshikesan Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a growing global epidemic and cause of non-communicable diseases. Yoga is one of the effective ways to reduce stress which is one of the causes of obesity. AIM: To assess the effect of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy (IAYT) yoga module on adult male obesity in an urban setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) was conducted for 14 weeks on obese male subjects with yoga and control groups. Total number of subjects were 72 and they were randomized into two groups (Yoga n=37, Control n=35). The subjects were from an urban setting of Mumbai and were doing yoga for the first time. Special yoga training of IAYT was given to yoga group for one and half hour for 5 days in a week for 14 weeks. The control group continued regular physical activities and no specific physical activity was given. The assessments were anthropometric parameters of weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), MAC (Mid Upper Arm Circumferences) of Left and Right Arm, Waist Circumference (WC), HC (Hip Circumference), WHR (Waist Hip Ratio), SKF(Skin Fold Thickness of Biceps, Triceps, Sub scapular, suprailiac and cumulative), Percentage body fat based on SKF and Psychological Questionnaires of Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and AAQW (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight Related Difficulty). These were taken before and after intervention for both yoga and control groups. Within and between group analysis&correlation of differences from post to pre readings among the variables, were carried out using SPSS 21. RESULTS: The anthropometric and psychological parameters were improved in both the groups but changes were significant in yoga group. CONCLUSION: Incorporating the IAYT for obese male in urban setting will be effective for obesity treatment and for reducing the obesity related problems. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2016

Abstract Title: "Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy (MY-OT): A feasibility and pilot study". Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2016 Oct ;28:44-9. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27670869 Abstract Author(s): Arlene A Schmid, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, Jennifer D Portz, Karen E Atler, Christine A Fruhauf Article Affiliation: Arlene A Schmid Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility and benefits of the Merging Yoga and Occupational Therapy (MY-OT) intervention. DESIGN: This is the primary analysis of a non-controlled pretest-posttest pilot study to understand the feasibility and impact of MY-OT on balance, balance self-efficacy, and fall risk factor management in people with chronic stroke. SETTING: University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: People with chronic stroke were included in the study if they: had sustained a fall or had fear of falling, were able to stand, and hand impaired balance and were at risk for falls (≤46 on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS)). INTERVENTIONS: Individuals completed an 8 week intervention that included 16 sessions of both yoga and group occupational therapy (OT). Yoga included physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation. OT focused on post-stroke fall risk factor management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The BBS was used to assess balance, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) was used to measure balance self-efficacy. Five fall risk factor management scales were used. RESULTS: Overall, the intervention was considered feasible, as individuals were able to safely complete the intervention with little attrition and high attendance. Balance improved by 30% (p=0.002). Balance self-efficacy improved by 15% (p=0.034). Each of the five fall risk factor management scales improved, but only two significantly improved (Fall Prevention and Management Questionnaire, 29%, p=0.004 and Fall Prevention Strategy Survey, 42%, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that MY-OT is a potential intervention to improve multiple fall related outcomes for people with stroke. Therapists may consider these interventions for people with stroke, but additional research is warranted. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2016

Abstract Title: Laughter yoga versus group exercise program in elderly depressed women: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Sep 16. Epub 2010 Sep 16. PMID: 20848578 Abstract Author(s): Mahvash Shahidi, Ali Mojtahed, Amirhossein Modabbernia, Mohammad Mojtahed, Abdollah Shafiabady, Ali Delavar, Habib Honari Article Affiliation: Department of Counseling, School of Psychology&Training Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Laughter Yoga founded by M. Kataria is a combination of unconditioned laughter and yogic breathing. Its effect on mental and physical aspects of healthy individuals was shown to be beneficial. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Kataria's Laughter Yoga and group exercise therapy in decreasing depression and increasing life satisfaction in older adult women of a cultural community of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Seventy depressed old women who were members of a cultural community of Tehran were chosen by Geriatric depression scale (score > 10). After completion of Life Satisfaction Scale pre-test and demographic questionnaire, subjects were randomized into three groups of laughter therapy, exercise therapy, and control. Subsequently, depression post-test and life satisfaction post-test were done for all three groups. The data wereanalyzed using analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's correction. RESULTS: Sixty subjects completed the study. The analysis revealed a significant difference in decrease in depression scores of both Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy group in comparison to control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference between Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy groups. The increase in life satisfaction of Laughter Yoga group showed a significant difference in comparison with control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between exercise therapy and either control or Laughter Yoga group. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that Laughter Yoga is at least as effective as group exercise program in improvement of depression and life satisfaction of elderly depressed women. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley&Sons, Ltd. Article Published Date : Sep 16, 2010

Abstract Title: Yoga Practice Improves Physiological and Biochemical Status at High Altitudes: A Prospective Case-control Study. Abstract Source: Altern Ther Health Med. 2016 Sep ;22(5):53-9. PMID: 27622961 Abstract Author(s): Gidugu Himashree, Latika Mohan, Yogesh Singh Article Affiliation: Gidugu Himashree Abstract: UNLABELLED: Context• High altitude (HA) is a psychophysiological stressor for natives of lower altitudes. Reducing the morbidity and optimizing the performance of individuals deployed in an HA region has been attempted and reported with varied results. Objective • The present study intended to explore the effectsof comprehensive yogic practices on the health and performance of Indian soldiers deployed at HAs. Design • The research team designed a prospective, randomized, case-control study. SETTING: The study was done at Karu, Leh, India, at an altitude of 3445 m. Participants• Fully acclimatized soldiers in the Indian army were randomly selected from those posted to HA regions (ie, altitudes>3000 m). Intervention• The soldiers were divided into 2 groups of equal size. The first group, the control group, carried out the routine activities for physical training in the Indian army. The second group, the intervention group practiced a comprehensive yoga package, including physical asanas, pranayama, and meditation, and did not perform the physical training that the first group did. Both groups were monitored during their activities. Outcome Measures • A wide and comprehensive range of anthropometrical, physiological, biochemical, and psychological parameters were measured: (1) height and weight; (2) body fat percentage (BFP); (3) heart rate (HR); (4) respiratory rate (RR); (5) systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DPB); (6) peripheral saturation of oxygen; (7) end tidal CO2 (EtCO2); (8) chest expansion; (9) pulmonary function; (10) physical work capacity (VO2Max); (11) hematological variables;(12) lipid profile; (13) serum urea; (14) creatinine; (15) liver enzymes; (16) blood glucose; and (17) anxiety scores. Measurements were made at baseline and postintervention. Results • Two-hundred soldiers took part in the study. The yoga group showed a significant improvement in health indices and performance as compared with the control group. They had lower weights, BFPs, RRs, DBPs, and anxiety scores. They also had a significantly higher EtCO2, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and VO2Max. Also, the yoga group showed a significant reduction in serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and blood urea as compared with their preyoga levels and with the exercise group. Conclusions • Practice of yoga facilitates improvements in health and performance at HAs and is superior to routine training with physical exercises. Comprehensive yogic practices are an effective modality for improving health and performance at HAs. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Can yoga therapy stimulate stem cell trafficking from bone marrow? Abstract Source: J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016 Jul - Sep;7(3):181-184. Epub 2016 Sep 17. PMID: 27649634 Abstract Author(s): Nitya Shree, Ramesh R Bhonde Article Affiliation: Nitya Shree Abstract: It has been established that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from bone marrow enter the peripheral circulation intermittently for possible tissue regeneration, repair and to take care of daily wear and tear. This is evident from the detection of MSCs from peripheral blood. The factors governing this migration remain elusive. These MSCs carry out the work of policing and are supposed to repair the injured tissues. Thus, these cells help in maintaining the tissue and organ homeostasis. Yoga and pranayama originated in India and is now being practiced all over the world for positive health. So far, the chemical stimulation of bone marrow has been widely used employing injection of colony stimulating factor. However, the role of physical factors such as mechanical stimulation and stretching has not been substantiated. It is claimed that practicing yoga delays senescence, improves the physiological functions of heart and lung and yoga postures make the body elastic. It remains to be seen whether the yoga therapy promotes trafficking of the stem cells from bone marrow for possible repair and regeneration of worn out and degenerating tissues. We cover in this short review, mainly the role of physical factors especially the yoga therapy on stem cells trafficking from bone marrow. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Yoga-based pulmonary rehabilitation for the management of dyspnea in coal miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016 Aug 18. Epub 2016 Aug 18. PMID: 27545747 Abstract Author(s): Rajashree Ranjita, Alex Hankey, H R Nagendra, Soubhagylaxmi Mohanty Article Affiliation: Rajashree Ranjita Abstract: BACKGROUND: Coal mine dust exposure causes chronic airflow limitation in coal miners resulting in dyspnea, fatigue, and eventually chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Yoga can alleviate dyspnea in COPD by improving ventilatory mechanics, reducing central neural drive, and partially restoring neuromechanical coupling of the respiratory system. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy (IAYT) in the management of dyspnea and fatigue in coal miners with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized, waitlist controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Eighty-one coal miners (36-60 years) with stable Stages II and III COPD were recruited. The yoga group received an IAYT module for COPD that included asanas, loosening exercises, breathing practices, pranayama, cyclic meditation, yogic counseling and lectures 90 min/day, 6 days/week for 12 weeks. Measurements of dyspnea and fatigue on the Borg scale, exercise capacity by the 6 min walk test, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2%), and pulse rate (PR) using pulse oximetry were made before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Statistically significant within group reductions in dyspnea (P < 0.001), fatigue (P < 0.001) scores, PR (P < 0.001), and significant improvements in SpO2% (P < 0.001) and 6 min walk distance (P < 0.001) were observed in the yoga group; all except the last were significant compared to controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that IAYT benefits coal miners with COPD, reducing dyspnea; fatigue and PR, and improving functional performance and peripheral capillary SpO2%. Yoga can now be included as an adjunct to conventional therapy for pulmonary rehabilitation programs for COPD patients. Article Published Date : Aug 17, 2016

Abstract Title: OS 28-06 BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF A 12-WEEK YOGA-BASED LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION ON CARDIO-METABOLIC RISK FACTORS AND ADIPOKINES IN SUBJECTS WITH PRE-HYPERTENSION OR HYPERTENSION. Abstract Source: J Hypertens. 2016 Sep ;34 Suppl 1:e252. PMID: 27643078 Abstract Author(s): Rashmi Yadav, Raj Kumar Yadav, Rajesh Khadgawat, Nalin Mehta Article Affiliation: Rashmi Yadav Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of 12 week yoga-based lifestyle intervention on cardio-metabolic risk factors and adipocytokines in overweight/obese subjects with pre-hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) 130-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 85-89 mmHg] or hypertension (HTN). DESIGN AND METHOD: This prospective, single arm, lifestyle intervention study was conducted in overweight/obese (body mass index; BMI 23-24.9/≥ 25 kg/m) subjects (n = 44), with pre-HTN or previously diagnosed HTN. The subjects underwent pre-tested yoga-based lifestyle intervention including asanas, pranayama, relaxation techniques, lectures, group support, nutrition awareness program and individualized advice under supervision forapprox. 2 hrs each day for 2 week followed by continuation of the practices at home for next 10 week. Outcome measures included cardio-metabolic risk factors: SBP, DBP, weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipid profile and adipocytokines (plasma leptin and adiponectin levels). These were assessed at baseline, after 2 weeks of intervention and at end of week 12. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 40.3 ± 5.5 yrs; mean BMI was 32.1 ± 4.9 Kg/m, SBP/DBP was 135.5 ± 13.2/85.6 ± 8.7 mmHg respectively. After intervention, there was significant reduction in weight, BMI, SBP, DBP, WC, HC, WHR, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (p < 0.05) from baseline to week 12. Likewise, there was significant reduction in leptin from baseline to week 12, however changes in adiponectin were not statistically significant (Fig. 1). Further a strong significant positive correlation between the change in weight and the change in WC (r = 0.9; p < 0.01)&HC (r = 0.7; p < 0.01) followed by 12 weeks of intervention was seen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that yoga-based lifestyle intervention might serve as an important treatment modality in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease through weight loss, reduction in blood pressure, cardio-metabolic risk factors and adipocytokines in subjects with pre- HTN or HTN. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Immediate effect of two yoga-based relaxation techniques on cognitive functions in patients suffering from relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: A comparative study. Abstract Source: Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016 Jun 14:1-10. Epub 2016 Jun 14. PMID: 27299568 Abstract Author(s): Praerna Bhargav, Hemant Bhargav, Nagarathna Raghuram, Christoph Garner Article Affiliation: Praerna Bhargav Abstract: Cognitive impairment (CI) is an important feature of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Yogic relaxation techniques have been found useful in improving various cognitive domains in health and disease. Eighteen subjects (13 females) in the age range of 51.5 ± 12.72 years with the diagnosis of RRMS by a neurologist (McDonald Criteria 2010) since last 18.16 ± 12.59 years were recruited into the study from a neuro-rehabilitation centre in Germany. Assessments were done before and immediately after two randomly allocated 30-min sessions of yogicrelaxation: Cyclic Meditation (CM) and SR (supine rest or shavasana). Assessments were done for attention, psychomotor performance, information processing speed, executive functions, and immediate and delayed recall using standard psychometric tools. RMANOVA was applied to analyse the data using SPSS version 10. Both CM and SR sessions improved scores on Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) (p < 0.01) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) (p < 0.05). There was a significantly better performance in Trail Making Test (TMT)-A and forward digit span (FDS) after CM as compared to SR (p < 0.01). Yogic relaxation techniques may have an immediate enhancing effect on processing speed, psychomotor performance, and recall of RRMS patients. CM is better than SR in improving processing speed, short-term memory, and verbal working memory. Article Published Date : Jun 13, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of 6 months intense Yoga practice on lipid profile, thyroxine medication and serum TSH level in women suffering from hypothyroidism: A pilot study. Abstract Source: J Complement Integr Med. 2016 Jun 1 ;13(2):189-93. PMID: 27054602 Abstract Author(s): Savitri Nilakanthan, Kashinath Metri, Nagaratna Raghuram, Nagendra Hongasandra Article Affiliation: Savitri Nilakanthan Abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant number of women in India are suffering from hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is characterized by elevated lipid profiles and thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH). It leads many comorbid conditions such as coronary artery disease, obesity, depression, osteoporosis, sleep apnea, and etc. Yoga is proven to be effective in reducing weight, dyslipidemia, depression and it brings the balance in autonomous nervous system. We aimed to study the effect of 6 months yoga practice on lipid profile, thyroxine requirement and serum TSH in women suffering from hypothyroidism. METHODS: Twenty-two household women suffering from hypothyroidism between the age range of 30 and 40 (mean±SD; 36.7±3.2) years, with average 4±1.12-year history of hypothyroidism were included in this study. Subjects with known cardiac issues, hypertension, history, recent surgery, slip disc and low back pain were excluded from this study. None of the subjects were on any other medication except thyroxine which was kept during the intervention phage (mean 65.78±22.74 mcg). All the subjects underwent 6 months of yoga practice 1 h daily for 4 days a week. Lipid profile, thyroxine dosage and serum TSH level were assessed before and after intervention. Data was analyzed using paired sample t test&Wilcoxon's signed rank test. RESULTS: The paired sample t-test showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (p=0.006; -8.99 %), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p=0.002; -9.81 %) and triglycerides (p=0.013; -7.6 %), and there was a significant improvement in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.02; +9.65 %) along with nonsignificant reduction in TSH level (p=0.452; -9.72 %). Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant reduction in thyroxine medication score (p=0.029; -15.30 %) from. CONCLUSION: 6 months practice of yoga may help in improving cholesterol level, serum TSH, may also help in reducing the thyroxine requirement in female patients suffering from hypothyroidism. However, further randomized controlled studies need to be conducted to confirm the present finding. Article Published Date : May 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Hatha Yoga practice decreases menopause symptoms and improves quality of life: A randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2016 Jun ;26:128-35. Epub 2016 Mar 22. PMID: 27261993 Abstract Author(s): Márcia P Jorge, Danilo F Santaella, Isabella M O Pontes, Victor K M Shiramizu, Ezequiel B Nascimento, Alícia Cabral, Telma M A M Lemos, Regina H Silva, Alessandra M Ribeiro Article Affiliation: Márcia P Jorge Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Yoga practice includes a group of specific psychophysical techniques. Although previous studies showed beneficial effects of yoga for health and rehabilitation, improving quality of life, there are few studies on the possible therapeutic application of yoga during the climacteric period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychophysiological effects of Hatha Yoga regular practice in post-menopausal women. METHODS: Eighty-eight post-menopausal women volunteered for this 12-week trial. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (no intervention), exercise, and yoga. Questionnaires were applied in order to evaluate climacteric syndrome (Menopause Rating Scale), stress (Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory), quality of life (Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life), depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and anxiety (State/Trait Anxiety Inventories). Physiological changes were evaluated through hormone levels (cortisol, FSH, LH, progesterone and estradiol). RESULTS: At 12 weeks, yoga practitioners showed statistically lower scores for menopausal symptoms, stress levels and depression symptoms, as well as significantly higher scores in quality of life when compared to control and exercise groups. Only control group presented a significant increase in cortisol levels. The yoga and exercise groups showed decreased levels of FSH and LH when compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that yoga promotes positive psychophysiological changes in post-menopausal women and may be applied as a complementary therapy towards this population. Article Published Date : May 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Effects of Yoga on Physiological Indices, Anxiety and Social Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized Trial. Abstract Source: J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Jun ;10(6):VC01-VC05. Epub 2016 Jun 1. PMID: 27504387 Abstract Author(s): Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi, Nahid Jivad, Kamal Solati Article Affiliation: Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic disease could affect patients' various domains of life. AIM: This study was conducted to study the effect of yoga on the physiological indices, anxiety and social functioning of patients with MS in southwest, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this clinical trial study, 60 MS patients were enrolled according to inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups of 30 each. Prior to and after intervention, the patients' vital signs were measured. For case group yoga exercises were performed three sessions a week for 12 weeks while control group performed no exercise. The data were gathered by questionnaire and analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS. RESULTS: Prior to intervention, there was no significant difference in fatigue severity and pain between the two groups but the mean fatigue severity and pain in case group decreased compared to the control group after the intervention. Prior to intervention, there was no significant difference in mean physiological indices between the two groups but the mean physiological indices in case group decreased significantly after the intervention (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Yoga is likely to increase self-efficacy of MS patients through enhancing physical activity, increasing the strength of lower limbs and balance, and decreasing fatigue and pain, and finally to promote social functioning and to relieve stress and anxiety in these patients. Article Published Date : May 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of Hatha Yoga on Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis. Abstract Source: J Evid Based Med. 2016 May 20. Epub 2016 May 20. PMID: 27203378 Abstract Author(s): Stefan G Hofmann, Giovanbattista Andreoli, Joseph K Carpenter, Joshua Curtiss Article Affiliation: Stefan G Hofmann Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some evidence suggests that Hatha yoga might be an effective practice to reduce anxiety. To examine the effect of Hatha yoga on anxiety, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies extracted from PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and manual searches. METHODS: The search identified 17 studies (11 waitlist controlled trials) totaling 501 participants who received Hatha yoga and who reported their levels of anxiety before and after the practice. We estimated the controlled and within-group random effects of the practice on anxiety. RESULTS: The pre-post within-group and controlled effect sizes were, Hedges' g = 0.44 and Hedges' g = 0.61, respectively. Treatment efficacy was positively associated with the total number of hours practiced. People with elevated levels of anxiety benefitted the most. Effect sizes were not moderated by study year, gender, presence of a medical disorder, or age. Although the quality of the studies was relatively low, the risk of study bias did not moderate the effect. CONCLUSIONS: Hatha yoga is a promising method for treating anxiety. However, more well-controlled studies are needed to compare the efficacy of Hatha yoga with other more established treatments and to understand its mechanism. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Article Published Date : May 19, 2016

Abstract Title: Serum cortisol and BDNF in patients with major depression-effect of yoga. Abstract Source: Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016 May 13:1-6. Epub 2016 May 13. PMID: 27174729 Abstract Author(s): G H Naveen, Shivarama Varambally, Jagadisha Thirthalli, Mukund Rao, Rita Christopher, B N Gangadhar Article Affiliation: G H Naveen Abstract: Depression is associated with low serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and elevated levels of serum cortisol. Yoga practices have been associated with antidepressant effects, increase in serum BDNF, and reduction in serum cortisol. This study examined the association between serum BDNF and cortisol levels in drug-naïve patients with depression treated with antidepressants, yoga therapy, and both. Fifty-four drug-naïve consenting adult outpatients with Major Depression (32 males) received antidepressants only (n = 16), yoga therapy only (n = 19), or yoga with antidepressants (n = 19). Serum BDNF andcortisol levels were obtained before and after 3 months using a sandwich ELISA method. One-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation tests were used for analysis. The groups were comparable at baseline on most parameters. Significant improvement in depression scores and serum BDNF levels, and reduction in serum cortisol in the yoga groups, have been described in previous reports. A significant negative correlation was observed between change in BDNF (pre-post) and cortisol (pre-post) levels in the yoga-only group (r = -0.59, p = 0.008). In conclusion, yoga may facilitate neuroplasticity through stress reduction in depressed patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings and delineate the pathways for these effects. Article Published Date : May 12, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of Yoga in the Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Abstract Source: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Apr 22. Epub 2016 Apr 22. PMID: 27112106 Abstract Author(s): Dania Schumann, Dennis Anheyer, Romy Lauche, Gustav Dobos, Jost Langhorst, Holger Cramer Article Affiliation: Dania Schumann Abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS: This review aims to systematically survey the effects of yoga on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), pain, quality of life, mood, stress, and safety in patients with IBS. METHODS: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, CAM-QUEST, CAMbase, and IndMED were screened through November 2015. Randomized controlled trials comparing yoga with usual care, nonpharmacologic, or pharmacologic interventions were analyzed for patients with IBS. Primary outcomes included gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and pain. Anxiety, mood, and safety were defined as secondary outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials with a total of 273 patients were included in the qualitative analysis. There was evidence for a beneficial effect of a yogic intervention over conventional treatment in IBS, with significantly decreased bowel symptoms, IBS severity, and anxiety. Furthermore, there were significant improvements in quality of life, global improvement, and physical functioning after yoga compared with no treatment. Two randomized controlled trials reported safety data stating that no adverse events occurred. Overall, risk of bias of the included studies was unclear. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this systematic review suggest that yoga might be a feasible and safe adjunctive treatment for people with IBS. Nevertheless, no recommendation can be made regarding yoga as a routine intervention for patients with IBS because of major flaws in study methods. More research is needed with respect to a high-quality study design and consensus in clinical outcome measurements in IBS. Article Published Date : Apr 21, 2016

Abstract Title: Breath-based meditation: A mechanism to restore the physiological and cognitive reserves for optimal human performance. Abstract Source: World J Clin Cases. 2016 Apr 16 ;4(4):99-102. PMID: 27099859 Abstract Author(s): Kirtigandha Salwe Carter, Robert Carter Article Affiliation: Kirtigandha Salwe Carter Abstract: Stress can be associated with many physiological changes resulting in significant decrements in human performance. Due to growing interests in alternative and complementary medicine by Westerners, many of the traditions and holistic yogic breathing practices today are being utilized as a measure for healthier lifestyles. These state-of-the-art practices can have a significant impact on common mental health conditions such as depression and generalized anxiety disorder. However, the potential of yogic breathing on optimizing human performance and overall well-being is not well known. Breathing techniques such as alternate nostril, Sudarshan Kriya and bhastrika utilizes rhythmic breathing to guide practitioners into a deep meditative state of relaxation and promote self-awareness. Furthermore, yogic breathing is physiologically stimulating and can be described as a natural"technological"solution to optimize human performance which can be categorized into: (1) cognitive function (i.e., mind, vigilance); and (2) physical performance (i.e., cardiorespiratory, metabolism, exercise, whole body). Based on previous studies, we postulate that daily practice of breathing meditation techniques play a significant role in preserving the compensatory mechanisms available to sustain physiological function. This preservation of physiological function may help to offset the time associated with reaching a threshold for clinical expression of chronic state (i.e., hypertension, depression, dementia) or acute state (i.e., massive hemorrhage, panic attic) of medical conditions. However, additional rigorous biomedical research is needed to evaluate the physiological mechanisms of various forms of meditation (i.e., breath-based, mantra, mindfulness) on human performance. These efforts will help to define how compensatory reserve mechanisms of cardiovascular and immune systems are modulated by breath-based meditation. While it has been suggested that breath-based meditation is easier for beginning practitioners when compared to other forms of meditation more research is needed to elucidate these observations. A breath-based meditation sequence such as Sudarshan Kriya has the potential to help develop an individual's self-awareness and support better integration of the brain (i.e., mind) with other organ systems (i.e., body) for enhanced human performance. Article Published Date : Apr 15, 2016

Abstract Title: Twelve-Minute Daily Yoga Regimen Reverses Osteoporotic Bone Loss. Abstract Source: Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2016 Apr ;32(2):81-87. Epub 2015 Nov 5. PMID: 27226695 Abstract Author(s): Yi-Hsueh Lu, Bernard Rosner, Gregory Chang, Loren M Fishman Article Affiliation: Yi-Hsueh Lu Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assess the effectiveness of selected yoga postures in raising bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Ten-year study of 741 Internet-recruited volunteers comparing preyoga BMD changes with postyoga BMD changes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric scans. Optional radiographs of hips and spine and bone quality study (7 Tesla). RESULTS: Bone mineral density improved in spine, hips, and femur of the 227 moderately and fully compliant patients. Monthly gain in BMD was significant in spine (0.0029 g/cm(2), P = .005) and femur (0.00022 g/cm(2), P = .053), but in 1 cohort, although mean gain in hip BMD was 50%, large individual differences raised the confidence interval and the gain was not significant for total hip (0.000357 g/cm(2)). No yoga-related serious injuries were imaged or reported. Bone quality appeared qualitatively improved in yoga practitioners. CONCLUSION: Yoga appears to raise BMD in the spine and the femur safely. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Is one yoga style better than another? A systematic review of associations of yoga style and conclusions in randomized yoga trials. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2016 Apr ;25:178-87. Epub 2016 Mar 3. PMID: 27062966 Abstract Author(s): Holger Cramer, Romy Lauche, Jost Langhorst, Gustav Dobos Article Affiliation: Holger Cramer Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the odds of positive conclusions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga, differ between yoga styles. DESIGN: Systematic review of yoga RCTs. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, IndMED and the tables of content of specialist yoga journals, not listed in medical databases, were screened up to 12 February, 2014 for RCTs comparing yoga interventions to non-yoga interventions. The RCTs' conclusions were classified as positive (yoga is helpful for a respective condition) or not positive; and these were compared between different yoga styles using the Chi squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 306 RCTs were included. These applied 52 different yoga styles, the most commonly used of which were: hatha yoga (36 RCTs), Iyengar yoga (31 RCTs), pranayama (26 RCTs), and the integrated approach to yoga therapy (15 RCTs). Positive conclusions were reached in 277 RCTs (91%); the proportion of positive conclusions did not differ between yoga styles (p=0.191). CONCLUSION: RCTs with different yoga styles do not differ in their odds of reaching positive conclusions. Given that most RCTs were positive, the choice of an individual yoga style can be based on personal preferences and availability. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Psycho-Biological Changes with Add on Yoga Nidra in Patients with Menstrual Disorders: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Abstract Source: J Caring Sci. 2016 Mar ;5(1):1-9. Epub 2016 Mar 1. PMID: 26989661 Abstract Author(s): Khushbu Rani, S C Tiwari, Santosh Kumar, Uma Singh, Jai Prakash, Neena Srivastava Article Affiliation: Khushbu Rani Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Menstrual disorders are common problems among women in the reproductive age group. Yuga interventions may decrease the physical and psychological problems related to menstrual disorders. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of Yoga Nidra on psychological problems in patients with menstrual disorders. METHODS: A total number of 100 women recruited from the department of obstetrics and gynecology and were then randomly allocated into two groups: a) intervention received yogic intervention and medication for 6 month, and b) control group received no yogic intervention and they only received prescribed medication). Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) and hormonal profile were assessed at the time of before and after six months on both groups. RESULTS: The mean score of anxiety, depression, positive well-being, general health, and vitality scores, as well as hormonal levels, in posttest were significantly different in intervention group as compared with pretest. But there was no significant difference in control group. CONCLUSION: Yoga Nidra can be a successful therapy to overcome the psychiatric morbidity associated with menstrual irregularities. Therefore, Yogic relaxation training (Yoga Nidra) could be prescribed as an adjunct to conventional drug therapy for menstrual dysfunction. Article Published Date : Feb 29, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of a Single Session of a Yogic Meditation Technique on Cognitive Performance in Medical Students: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Abstract Source: J Relig Health. 2016 Feb 5. Epub 2016 Feb 5. PMID: 26847152 Abstract Author(s): Apar Saoji, Sriloy Mohanty, Suhas A Vinchurkar Article Affiliation: Apar Saoji Abstract: Medical students confront enormous academic, psychosocial, and existential stress throughout their training, leading to a cascade of consequences both physically and psychologically. The declined cognitive function of these students interferes in their academic performance and excellence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a yogic meditation technique, mind sound resonance technique (MSRT), on cognitive functions of University Medical students in a randomized, two-way crossover study. In total, 42 healthy volunteers of both genders (5 males and 37 females) with mean age of 19.44 ± 1.31 years were recruited from a medical college in South India, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A 10-day orientation in the technique of MSRT was given to all the recruited subjects after which each subject underwent both MSRT and supine rest (SR) sessions. All participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a session of either MSRT or SR. After a day of washout, participants crossed over to receive the alternative intervention. The cognitive functions were assessed using 2 paper-pencil tasks called Digit Letter Substitution Test (DLST) and Six-Letter CancelationTask (SLCT), before and immediately after both sessions. Both the groups showed significant improvement in net attempt of both DLST and SLCT, but the magnitude of change was more in the MSRT group than in the SR group. The MSRT group demonstrated significantly enhanced net scores in both SLCT (p < 0.001) and DLST (p < 0.001). The result of the present study suggests that a single session of MSRT, a Mind-Body Practice, may positively impact the performance in cognitive tasks by the University Medical Students. Article Published Date : Feb 04, 2016

Abstract Title: Yoga as an Alternative and Complimentary Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. Abstract Source: J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016 Jan 19. Epub 2016 Jan 19. PMID: 26787730 Abstract Author(s): Taj Haider, Manoj Sharma, Paul Branscum Article Affiliation: Taj Haider Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Yoga, a mind-body exercise, utilizes breathing techniques with low-impact physical activity that may be an alternative treatment for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine yoga interventions for patients at-risk for and/or suffering from cardiovascular disease. The inclusion criteria for interventions were (a) published in the English language between 2005 and 2015; (b) indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, or Alt HealthWatch; (c) employed a quantitative design; and (d) applied a yoga intervention. Twelve interventions met the inclusion criteria, of which, all documented significant improvements in one or more factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Limitations to the studies in this review included a lack of studies adhering to the inclusion criteria, small sample sizes, and high attrition rates. Despite the limitations, this review demonstrates the clear potential yoga has as an alternative and complementary means to improve cardiovascular disease risk. Article Published Date : Jan 18, 2016

Abstract Title: Oxidative Stress Induced Damage to Paternal Genome and Impact of Meditation and Yoga - Can it Reduce Incidence of Childhood Cancer? Abstract Source: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016 Jan 9 ;17(9):4517-4525. PMID: 27880996 Abstract Author(s): Dada Rima, Basant Kumar Shiv, Chawla Bhavna, Bisht Shilpa, Khan Saima Article Affiliation: Dada Rima Abstract: Background: Sperm DNA damage is underlying aetiology of poor implantation and pregnancy rates but also affects health of offspring and may also result in denovo mutations in germ line and post fertilization. This may result in complex diseases, polygenic disorders and childhood cancers. Childhood cancer like retinoblastoma (RB) is more prevalent in developing countries and the incidence of RB has increased more than three fold in India in the last decade. Recent studies have documented increased incidence of cancers in children born to fathers who consume alcohol in excess and tobacco or who were conceived by assisted conception. The aetiology of childhood cancer and increased disease burden in these children is lin ked to oxidative stress (OS) and oxidative DNA damage( ODD) in sperm of their fathers. Though several antioxidants are in use to combat oxidative stress, the effect of majority of these formulations on DNA is not known. Yoga and meditation cause significant decline in OS and ODD and aid in regulating OS levels such that reactive oxygen speues meditated signal transduction, gene expression and several other physiological functions are not disrupted. Thus, this study aimed to analyze sperm ODD as a possible etiological factor in childhood cancer and role of simple life style interventions like yoga and meditation in significantly decreasing seminal oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage and thereby decreasing incidence of childhood cancers. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 fathers of children with RB (non-familial sporadic heritable) and 50 controls (fathers of healthy children) were recruited at a tertiary center in India. Sperm parameters as per WHO 2010 guidelines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation index (DFI), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) and telomere length were estimated at day 0, and after 3 and 6 months of intervention. We also examined the compliance with yoga and meditation practice and smoking status at each follow-up. Results: The seminal mean ROS levels (p<0.05), sperm DFI (p<0.001), 8-OHdG (p<0.01) levels were significantly higher in fathers of children with RB, as compared to controls and the relative mean telomere length in the sperm was shorter. Levels of ROS were significantly reduced in tobacco users (p<0.05) as well as in alcoholics (p<0.05) after intervention. DFI reduced significantly (p<0.05) after 6 months of yoga and meditation practice in all groups. The levels of oxidative DNA damage marker 8-OHdG were reduced significantly after 3 months (p<0.05) and 6 months (p<0.05) of practice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that OS and ODD DNA may contribute to the development of childhood cancer. This may be due to accumulation of oxidized mutagenic base 8OHdG , and elevated MDA levels which results in MDA dimers which are also mutagenic, aberrant methylation pattern, altered gene expression which affect cell proliferation and survival through activation of transcription factors. Increased mt DNA mutations and aberrant repair of mt and nuclear DNA due to highly truncatred DNA repair mechanisms all contribute to sperm genome hypermutability and persistant oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative stress is also associated with genome wide hypomethylation, telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to genome hypermutability and instability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report decline in OS and ODD and improvement in sperm DNA integrity following adoption of meditation and yoga based life style modification.This may reduce disease burden in next generation and reduce incidence of childhood cancers. Article Published Date : Jan 08, 2016

Abstract Title: Yoga Therapy in Children with Cystic Fibrosis Decreases Immediate Anxiety and Joint Pain. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016 ;2016:9429504. Epub 2016 Dec 19. PMID: 28077950 Abstract Author(s): Christopher McNamara, Mahrya Johnson, Lisa Read, Heidi Vander Velden, Megan Thygeson, Meixia Liu, Laura Gandrud, John McNamara Article Affiliation: Christopher McNamara Abstract: This study was designed to determine whether yoga might alleviate symptoms of pain, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is the most common genetic, life-limiting chronic disease among Caucasian populations. It primarily affects the lungs but also many other secretory organs and consequently leads to significant morbidities. Research has shown that children with CF have significantly increased depression, anxiety, and pain compared to their healthy counterparts. Subjects participated in six one-on-one sessions over a 10-week period with a certified instructor who designed each yoga practice based on a preestablished list of 30 yoga asanas. Questionnaires evaluating pain, sleep disturbance, sustained anxiety, immediate anxiety, and depression were administered. Differences between premeasures and postmeasures were evaluated using a two-sided test. Twenty subjects were assessed (12 females/8 males), median age of 11 (7-20) years. Mean immediate anxiety scores decreased (before session to after session 29 to 23.6, respectively, p<0.001). Joint pain improved (3.25 to 3.65, p = 0.028). CFQ-R emotion subscale improved from 79.2 to 85 (p = 0.073), and the respiratory subscale improved from 66.7 to 79.2 (p = 0.076). Other results were less notable. We conclude that yoga may reduce immediate anxiety and joint pain in patients with CF. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Yoga for Risk Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome: Patient-Reported Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016 ;2016:3094589. Epub 2016 Aug 26. PMID: 27847524 Abstract Author(s): Stephanie J Sohl, Kenneth A Wallston, Keiana Watkins, Gurjeet S Birdee Article Affiliation: Stephanie J Sohl Abstract: Lifestyle change is recommended as treatment for adults at risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), although adoption of new behavioral patterns is limited. In addition, most existing lifestyle interventions do not address psychological stress or quality of life, both of which impact the burden of MetS. Yoga, a form of physical activity that incorporates psychological components (e.g., maintaining attention, relaxation), is a promising intervention for improving the burden of MetS. This randomized controlled trial assessed the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week yoga program coupled with an evidence-based health education program (HED) compared to HED alone. A secondary, exploratory aim examined perceived stress, quality of life, and related psychological outcomes (mindfulness, perceived health competence, and mood). Sixty-seven adults at risk for MetS enrolled (mean age [SD]: 58 [10] years; 50% male; 79% non-Hispanic White). Preliminary results revealed significantly larger improvements in two quality of life domains (role-physical and general health perceptions) in the HED plus yoga group versus HED alone (ps<0.05). This is the first study that implemented lifestyle education along with yoga to evaluate the potential unique effects of yoga on participants at risk for MetS. A larger clinical trial is warranted to further investigate these promising patient-reported outcomes. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Effect of Sudarshan Kriya (meditation) on gamma, alpha, and theta rhythm during working memory task. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2016 Jan-Jun;9(1):72-6. PMID: 26865775 Abstract Author(s): Sushil Chandra, Greeshma Sharma, Alok Prakash Mittal, Devendra Jha Article Affiliation: Sushil Chandra Abstract: AIMS: The present study focuses on analyzing the effects of Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY) on brain signals during a working memory (WM) task. To envision the significant effects of SKY on WM capacity (WMC), we chose a control group for contriving a cogent comparison that could be corroborated using statistical tests. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 25 subjects were taken in the study, of which 10 were allotted to a control group and 15 to an experimental group. Electroencephalograph was taken during a WM task, which was an automated operation span test before and after SKY with 90 days intervals. No SKY was given to the control group. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: t-test and one-way ANOVA were applied. RESULTS: SKY promoted the efficient use of energy and power spectral density (PSD) for different brain rhythms in the desired locations as depicted by the gamma (F8 channel), alpha, and theta 2 (F7 and FC5) bands. It was found that gamma PSD reduced for both phases of memory in the experimental group. Alpha energy increased during the retrieval phase in the experimental group after SKY. Theta 1 rhythm was not affected by SKY, but theta 2 had shown left hemispheric activation. Theta rhythm was associated with memory consolidation. CONCLUSIONS: SKY had shown minimized energy losses while performing the task. SKY can improve WMC by changing the brain rhythms such that energy is utilized efficiently in performing the task. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Medical Students' Stress Levels and Sense of Well Being after Six Weeks of Yoga and Meditation. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016 ;2016:9251849. Epub 2016 Dec 7. PMID: 28053644 Abstract Author(s): Lona Prasad, Aneesha Varrey, Giovanni Sisti Article Affiliation: Lona Prasad Abstract: Objective. To determine the effect of six weeks of yoga and meditation on medical students' levels of perceived stress and sense of wellbeing prior to taking their exams. Methods. We conducted a prospective case-control study of first-through-third-year medical students at our academic institution, measuring levels of perceived stress and sense of wellbeing before and after a six-week yoga and meditation intervention. Questionnaires used for evaluation included the perceived stress scale (PSS) and self-assessment surveys (SAS). The postintervention surveys were completed on the day of the students' written exams. Results. A total of thirteen women and fourteen men participated. Median age was 28 (24 yrs-32 yrs). 48.1% were Caucasian, 7.4% Black, 11.1% Hispanic, 11.1% Asian, and 22.2% other. Paired t-tests showed a statistically significant reduction in perceived stress (18.44 versus 14.52; p = 0.004) after the six-week yoga and meditation program. After the yoga intervention, self-assessment survey results showed a significant improvement in feelings of peace, focus, and endurance. Improvements in happiness, positivity, personal satisfaction, and self-confidence were also seen. An improvement in unsubstantiated parameters such as patience and fatigue was observed. Conclusion. Yoga and meditation may be effective in reducing stress levels and improving aspects of personal wellbeing in medical students. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Physical-Performance Outcomes and Biomechanical Correlates from the 32-Week Yoga Empowers Seniors Study. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016 ;2016:6921689. Epub 2016 Nov 3. PMID: 27885329 Abstract Author(s): Man-Ying Wang, Gail A Greendale, Sean S-Y Yu, George J Salem Article Affiliation: Man-Ying Wang Abstract: Background. Yoga Empowers Seniors Study (YESS) quantified physical demands associated with yoga performance using biomechanical methods. This study evaluated the efficacy of the program on physical function outcomes. Methods. Twenty community-dwelling older adults aged 70.7± 3.8 years attended biweekly 60-minute Hatha yoga classes for 32 weeks. Four domains of the physical measurements including (1) functional performance, (2) flexibility, (3) muscle strength, and (4) balance were taken at the baseline, 16-week and 32-week time points. Repeated-measures ANOVA omnibustests and Tukey's post hoc tests were employed to examine the differences in each outcome variable across the 3 time points. Results. Improved timed chair stands (p<0.01), 8-foot up and go (p<0.05), 2-min step test (p<0.05), and vertical reach (p = 0.05) performance were evident. Isometric knee flexor strength (p<0.05) and repetitions of the heel rise test (p<0.001) also increased following the 32-week intervention. Both flexibility and balance performance remained unchanged. Conclusions. Significant improvements in physical function and muscle-specific lower-extremity strength occur with the regular practice of a modified Hatha yoga program designed for seniors. These adaptations corresponded with the previously reported biomechanical demands of the poses. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Improvements in well-being and vagal tone following a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop in young adults: Two open-trial pilot studies. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2016 Jan-Jun;9(1):20-6. PMID: 26865767 Abstract Author(s): Michael R Goldstein, Gregory F Lewis, Ronnie Newman, Janice M Brown, Georgiy Bobashev, Lisa Kilpatrick, Emma M Seppälä, Diana H Fishbein, Sreelatha Meleth Article Affiliation: Michael R Goldstein Abstract: BACKGROUND: While efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) has been demonstrated in a number of prior studies, little is known about the effects of SKY taught as part of the Your Enlightened Side (YES+) workshop designed for college students and other young adults. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the effects of YES+, a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop, on multiple measures of well-being and physiological stress response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two nonrandomized open-trial pilot studies were conducted with a total of 74 young adults (age 25.4± 6.6 years; 55% female). Study 1 collected a variety of self-report questionnaires at baseline, postworkshop, and 1-month follow-up. Study 2 collected self-report questionnaires in addition to electrocardiography with a stationary cycling challenge at baseline and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS: Study 1: Improvements in self-reported depression (P's≤ 0.010), perceived stress (P's ≤ 0.002), life satisfaction (P's ≤ 0.002), social connectedness (P's ≤ 0.004), and gratitude (P's ≤ 0.090) were observed at postworkshop and 1-month after workshop relative to baseline. Study 2: Improvements in self-reported emotion regulation were observedat 1-month follow-up relative to baseline (P = 0.019). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form positive affect increased (P = 0.021), while fatigue and sadness decreased (P's ≤ 0.005). During the stationary cycling challenge, rate to recovery of electrocardiography inter-beat intervalalso increased from baseline to 1-month follow-up (P = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a life skills workshop integrating yogic breathing techniques may provide self-empowering tools for enhancing well-being in young adults. Future research is indicated to further explore these effects, particularly in regards to vagal tone and other aspects of stress physiology. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: A Different Weight Loss Experience: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Behavioral, Physical, and Psychosocial Changes Associated with Yoga That Promote Weight Loss. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016 ;2016:2914745. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27594890 Abstract Author(s): A Ross, A Brooks, K Touchton-Leonard, G Wallen Article Affiliation: A Ross Abstract: Yoga interventions improve obesity-related outcomes including body mass index (BMI), body weight, body fat, and waist circumference, yet it is unclear whether these improvements are due to increased physical activity, increased lean muscle mass, and/or changes in eating behaviors. The purpose of this study is to expand our understanding of the experience of losing weight through yoga. Methods. Semistructured interviews were qualitatively analyzed using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Results. Two distinct groups who had lost weight through yoga responded: those who were overweight and had repeatedly struggled in their attempts to lose weight (55%, n = 11) and those who were of normal weight and had lost weight unintentionally (45%, n = 9). Five themes emerged that differed slightly by group: shift toward healthy eating, impact of the yoga community/yoga culture, physical changes, psychological changes, and the belief that the yoga weight loss experience was different than past weight loss experiences. Conclusions. These findings imply that yoga could offer diverse behavioral, physical, and psychosocial effects that may make it a useful tool for weight loss. Role modeling and social support provided by the yoga community may contribute to weight loss, particularly for individuals struggling to lose weight. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Effect of Integrated Yoga (IY) on psychological states and CD4 counts of HIV-1 infected patients: A randomized controlled pilot study. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2016 Jan-Jun;9(1):57-61. PMID: 26865772 Abstract Author(s): Rosy Naoroibam, Kashinath G Metri, Hemant Bhargav, R Nagaratna, H R Nagendra Article Affiliation: Rosy Naoroibam Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals frequently suffer from anxiety and depression. Depression has been associated with rapid decline in CD4 counts and worsened treatment outcomes in HIV-infected patients. Yoga has been used to reduce psychopathology and improve immunity. AIM: To study the effect of 1-month integrated yoga (IY) intervention on anxiety, depression, and CD4 counts in patients suffering from HIV-1 infection. METHODS: Forty four HIV-1 infected individuals from two HIV rehabilitation centers of Manipur State of India were randomized into two groups: Yoga (n = 22; 12 males) and control (n = 22; 14 males). Yoga group received IY intervention, which included physical postures (asanas), breathing practices (pranayama), relaxation techniques, and meditation. IY sessions were given 60 min/day, 6 days a week for 1 month. Control group followed daily routine during this period. All patients were on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and dosages were kept stable during the study. There was no significant difference in age, gender, education, CD4 counts, and ART status between the two groups. Hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxiety and depression, CD4 counts were measured by flow cytometry before and after intervention. Analysis of variance - repeated measures was applied to analyze the data using SPSS version 10. RESULTS: Within group comparison showed a significant reduction in depression scores (F [1, 21] =4.19, P<0.05) and non-significant reduction in anxiety scores along with non significant increment in CD4 counts in the yoga group. In the control group, there was a non-significant increase in anxiety and depression scores and reduction in CD4 counts. Between-group comparison revealed a significant reduction in depression scores (F [1, 21] =5.64, P<0.05) and significant increase in CD4 counts (F [1, 21] =5.35, P<0.05) in the yoga group as compared to the control. CONCLUSION: One month practice of IY may reduce depression and improve immunity in HIV-1 infected adults. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: A Case Series on the Effects of Kripalu Yoga for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga Therap. 2016 Jan ;26(1):9-19. PMID: 27797661 Abstract Author(s): Jessica R Morgan, Marlysa Sullivan, Akihiko Masuda, Erin Tully, Lindsey L Cohen, Page L Anderson Article Affiliation: Jessica R Morgan Abstract: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder associated with substantial impairment and poor treatment response. Yoga influences processes that are linked to the maintenance of GAD including mindfulness, anxiety, and heart rate variability, but has yet to be evaluated among people with the disorder. The present study is a first step toward documenting the efficacy of yoga for reducing worry among people with GAD using a single-subject AB design case series and daily ratings of worry. Standardized self-report measures of worry, trait anxiety, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, and heart rate variability were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Three participants with primary GAD received eight twice-weekly Kripalu yoga sessions following a baseline data collection period. All participants showed systematic improvement in daily worry ratings on at least one index and all scores on self-reported measures of worry, anxiety, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness changed in the expected direction following yoga (with one or two exceptions). Participants also showed improved heart rate variability during a worry period from pre- to post-intervention. Yoga has the potential to improve the processes linked to GAD and should stimulate further research in this area. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Increased Grey Matter Associated with Long-Term Sahaja Yoga Meditation: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Abstract Source: PLoS One. 2016 ;11(3):e0150757. Epub 2016 Mar 3. PMID: 26938433 Abstract Author(s): Sergio Elías Hernández, José Suero, Alfonso Barros, José Luis González-Mora, Katya Rubia Article Affiliation: Sergio Elías Hernández Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate regional differences in grey matter volume associated with the practice of Sahaja Yoga Meditation. DESIGN: Twenty three experienced practitioners of Sahaja Yoga Meditation and twenty three non-meditators matched on age, gender and education level, were scanned using structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging and their grey matter volume were compared using Voxel-Based Morphometry. RESULTS: Grey matter volume was larger in meditators relative to non-meditators across the whole brain. In addition, grey matter volume was larger in several predominantly right hemispheric regions: in insula, ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex, inferior temporal and parietal cortices as well as in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left insula. No areas with larger grey matter volume were found in non-meditators relative to meditators. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that long-term practice of Sahaja Yoga Meditation is associated with larger grey matter volume overall, and with regional enlargement in several right hemispheric cortical and subcortical brain regions that are associated with sustained attention, self-control, compassion and interoceptive perception. The increased grey matter volume in these attention and self-control mediating regions suggests use-dependent enlargement with regular practice of this meditation. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Yoga-based exercise improves balance and mobility in people aged 60 and over: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Age Ageing. 2015 Dec 25. Epub 2015 Dec 25. PMID: 26707903 Abstract Author(s): Sabrina Youkhana, Catherine M Dean, Moa Wolff, Catherine Sherrington, Anne Tiedemann Article Affiliation: Sabrina Youkhana Abstract: OBJECTIVE: one-third of community-dwelling older adults fall annually. Exercise that challenges balance is proven to prevent falls. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the impact of yoga-based exercise on balance and physical mobility in people aged 60+ years. METHODS: searches for relevant trials were conducted on the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) from inception to February 2015. Trials were included if they evaluated the effect of physical yoga (excluding meditation and breathing exercises alone) on balance in people aged 60+ years. We extracted data on balance and the secondary outcome of physical mobility. Standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Methodological quality of trials was assessed using the 10-point Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. RESULTS: six trials of relatively high methodological quality, totalling 307 participants, were identified and had data that could be included in a meta-analysis. Overall, yoga interventions had a small effect on balance performance (Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% CI 0.15-0.65, 6 trials) and a medium effect on physical mobility (Hedges' g = 0.50, 95% CI 0.06-0.95, 3 trials). CONCLUSION: yoga interventions resulted in small improvements in balance and medium improvements in physical mobility in people aged 60+ years. Further research is required to determine whether yoga-related improvements in balance and mobility translate to prevention of falls in older people.PROSPERO Registration number CRD42015015872. Article Published Date : Dec 24, 2015

Abstract Title: Effect of rhythmic breathing (Sudarshan Kriya and Pranayam) on immune functions and tobacco addiction. Abstract Source: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Nov ;1056:242-52. PMID: 16387692 Abstract Author(s): Vinod Kochupillai, Pratik Kumar, Devinder Singh, Dhiraj Aggarwal, Narendra Bhardwaj, Manisha Bhutani, Satya N Das Article Affiliation: Vinod Kochupillai Abstract: Stress, a psychophysiological process, acts through the immune-neuroendocrine axis and affects cellular processes of body and immune functions, leading to disease states including cancer. Stress is also linked to the habit of tobacco consumption and substance abuse, which in turn also leads to diseases. Sudarshan Kriya (SK) and Pranayam (P), rhythmic breathing processes, are known to reduce stress and improve immune functions. Cancer patients who had completed their standard therapy were studied. SK and P increased natural killer (NK) cells significantly (P<0.001) at 12 and 24 weeks of the practice compared to baseline. Increase in NK cells at 24 weeks was significant (P<0.05) compared to controls. There was no effect on T-cell subsets after SK and P either in the study group or among controls. SK and P helped to control the tobacco habit in 21% of individuals who were followed up to 6 months of practice. We conclude that the inexpensive and easy to learn and practice breathing processes (SK and P) in this study demonstrated an increase in NK cells and a reduction in tobacco consumption. When confirmed in large and randomized studies, this result could mean that the regular practice of SK and P might reduce the incidence and progression of cancer. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2005

Abstract Title: Efficacy of Yoga therapy for the management of psychopathology of patients having chronic schizophrenia. Abstract Source: Indian J Psychiatry. 2015 Oct-Dec;57(4):355-60. PMID: 26816423 Abstract Author(s): Babu Paikkatt, Amool Ranjan Singh, Pawan Kumar Singh, Masroor Jahan, Jay Kumar Ranjan Article Affiliation: Babu Paikkatt Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a large body of literature and scientific data regarding the efficacy of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia, however, studies on Yoga therapy is scanty. Yoga is a means of balancing and harmonizing the body, mind and emotion, and for enlightening the mind and upliftment of the total personality. AIMS: The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Yoga therapy as an adjunctive therapy and to see its effects on psychopathology on the patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Pre- and post-test design with the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a study using purposive sampling technique by which 30 chronic schizophrenic patients were selected and 15 patients were randomly assigned to Yoga therapy along with pharmacotherapy (experimental group), and 15 were assigned pharmacotherapy alone (control group) after the baseline assessment using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Yoga group attended Yoga therapy everyday for about 1½ h including motivational and feedback session. RESULTS: At the end of 1 month postassessment was done, and schizophrenic patients, who received the yogic intervention showed better rating than those in pharmacotherapy alone on PANSS variables. CONCLUSION: Yoga could be a right choice for improving psychopathology resulting in better quality of life along with other pharmacological management and psychosocial interventions. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2015

Abstract Title: Anti-anxiety efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga in general anxiety disorder: A multicomponent, yoga based, breath intervention program for patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with or without comorbidities. Abstract Source: J Affect Disord. 2015 Sep 15 ;184:310-7. Epub 2015 Jun 24. PMID: 26142611 Abstract Author(s): S Doria, A de Vuono, R Sanlorenzo, F Irtelli, C Mencacci Article Affiliation: S Doria Abstract: BACKGROUND: Surdashan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a procedure that in various studies, has shown evidences of efficacy in alleviating Depression and Anxiety disorders, but in Europe and USA it has not been studied yet on a Caucasian population as an adjunct therapy for psychiatric Disorders. METHODS: The study involved a sample of consenting women and men (n = 69) who received SKY therapy for a six-month time period. They were assessed at recruitment, after two weeks, after three months and after six months using Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). RESULTS: All the analyses have shown that SKY therapy significantly reduces the scores of Anxiety and Depression. This is plain, especially after the initial SKY treatment, which is followed by a long plateau phase that seems to verge on no Anxiety/Depression scores. It was found that SKY effects lead to a significant convergence between the self-assessment (Zung Self-Rating Scale) and hetero-assessment (Hamilton Rating Scale). LIMITATIONS: The study should be replicated on a larger clinical sample in a controlled trial to learn more about the effectiveness of SKY Protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in SKY adjunct therapy ten days intense workshop and follow-ups, coupled with daily individual and independent practice of a simplified protocol of breathing techniques (30 min), can lead to significant reduction in levels of Anxiety and Depression. Article Published Date : Sep 14, 2015

Abstract Title: Regular Yoga Practice Improves Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Stress Hormone Releases in Young Healthy People: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Sep ;21(9):530-8. Epub 2015 Jul 16. PMID: 26181573 Abstract Author(s): Sung-Ah Lim, Kwang-Jo Cheong Article Affiliation: Sung-Ah Lim Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to highlight the beneficial effects of yoga practice on bio-parameters, such as oxidative stress, antioxidant components, immune functions, and secretion of stress hormones, in healthy young people. STUDY DESIGN: This study was conducted on healthy volunteers recruited from among university students, who were divided into two groups: a control (no yoga intervention, n=13) group and a yoga (n=12) group. Yoga practice was with an instructor for 90 minutes once a week spread over 12 weeks, with recommendations to practice daily at home for 40 minutes with the help of a DVD. The yoga program consisted of yoga body poses (asanas), exercises involving awareness, voluntary regulation of breath (pranayama), and meditational practices. Whole blood samples were collected when the volunteers had fasted for 8 hours at 0 and 12 weeks. The oxidative stress/antioxidant components, immune-related cytokines, and stress hormones were evaluated in serum or plasma. RESULTS: Serum levels of nitric oxide, F2-isoprostane, and lipid peroxide were significantly decreased by yoga practice (p<0.05 or p=0.01), whereas serum total glutathione (GSH) contents, activities of GSH-peroxidase, and GSH-s-transferase were remarkably increased after yoga practice compared with the control group (p<0.05 or p=0.01). Yoga practice also significantly increased immune-related cytokines, such as interleukin-12, and interferon-γ, in serum (p<0.05 or p=0.01). Yoga practice significantly reduced the plasma levels of adrenalin (p<0.05) and increased plasma levels of serotonin compared with the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Regular yoga practice remarkably attenuated oxidative stress and improved antioxidant levels of the body. Moreover, yoga beneficially affected stress hormone releases as well as partially improved immune function. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2015

Abstract Title: A randomized controlled trial of yoga for pregnant women with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2015 Aug ;21(3):166-72. Epub 2015 Jun 9. PMID: 26256135 Abstract Author(s): Kyle Davis, Sherryl H Goodman, Jenn Leiferman, Mary Taylor, Sona Dimidjian Article Affiliation: Kyle Davis Abstract: BACKGROUND: Yoga may be well suited for depressed and anxious pregnant women, given reported benefits of meditation and physical activity and pregnant women's preference for nonpharmacological treatments. METHODS: We randomly assigned 46 pregnant women with symptoms of depression and anxiety to an 8-week yoga intervention or treatment-as-usual (TAU) in order to examine feasibility and preliminary outcomes. RESULTS: Yoga was associated with high levels of credibility and satisfaction as an intervention for depression and anxiety during pregnancy. Participants in both conditions reported significant improvement in symptoms of depression and anxiety over time; and yoga was associated with significantly greater reduction in negative affect as compared to TAU (β = -0.53, SE = 0.20, p = .011). CONCLUSION: Prenatal yoga was found to be a feasible and acceptable intervention and was associated with reductions in symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, prenatal yoga only significantly outperformed TAU on reduction of negative affect. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga on arterial stiffness in elderly subjects with increased pulse pressure: A randomized controlled study. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2015 Aug ;23(4):562-9. Epub 2015 Jun 6. PMID: 26275649 Abstract Author(s): Satish Gurunathrao Patil, Manjunatha R Aithala, Kusal Kanti Das Article Affiliation: Satish Gurunathrao Patil Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effect of yoga on arterial function in elderly with increased pulse pressure (PP). DESIGN: Randomized controlled study with two parallel groups. PARTICIPANTS: Elderly subjects with PP≥60 mmHg (n=60). INTERVENTIONS: Yoga group (n=30) was assigned for yoga training and brisk-walking (BW) group (n=30) for brisk-walk with stretching exercise for 1h in the morning for 6 days in a week for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Arterial stiffness measures: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV), aortic augmentation index (AIx@75), arterial stiffness index at brachial (bASI) and tibial arteries (aASI). Total serum nitric oxide concentration (NOx) as an index of endothelial function. Heart rate variability (HRV) measures: Low frequency and high frequency in normalized units (LFnu, HFnu) and LF/HF ratio. RESULTS: The mean between-group change (with 95% CI) in arterial stiffness: c-f PWV(m/s) [1.25(0.59-1.89); p<0.001], baPWV(m/s) [1.96(0.76-3.16), p<0.01], AIx@75 [3.07(0.24-5.89), p=0.066], aASI [8.3(4.06-12.53), p<0.001]; endothelial function index: NO(μmol/L) [-9.03(-14.57 to -3.47), p<0.001]; SBP(mmHg) [14.23(12.03-16.44), p<0.001], DBP(mmHg) [0.1(-1.95-2.15), p=0.38], PP(mmHg) [14.07(11.2-16.92), p<0.001], MAP(mmHg) [4.7(3.08-6.32), p<0.001]; and cardiac autonomic function: LF(nu) [4.81(1.54-8.08), p<0.01], HF(nu) [-4.13(-7.57 to -0.69), p<0.01], LF/HF ratio [0.84(0.3-1.37), p<0.001], indicate significant difference in effects of two intervention on arterial stiffness, endothelial function, BP and cardiac autonomic activity. There was significant change within-yoga group in vascular function, BP and autonomic function, while no significant change within-BW group was observed. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that yoga program offered was more effective than brisk-walk in reducing arterial stiffness along with BP in elderly individuals with increased PP. Yoga can also significantly reduce sympathetic activity and improve endothelial function with enhancement in bioavailability of NO. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Effectiveness of yogic breathing intervention on quality of life of opioid dependent users. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2015 Jul-Dec;8(2):144-7. PMID: 26170596 Abstract Author(s): Anju Dhawan, Anita Chopra, Raka Jain, Deepak Yadav, Vedamurthachar Article Affiliation: Anju Dhawan Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The quality of life (QOL) of substance users is known to be impaired. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY), a yogic breathing program has potential to improve QOL and needs evaluation in an Indian setting. AIMS: Study aimed to assess changes in QOL in treatment seeking male opioid dependent users following practice of SKY program. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Users were randomized into study (n = 55) and control group (n = 29). Study group besides standard treatment (long term pharmacotherapy with buprenorphine in flexible dosing schedule) underwent a 3 days, 12 h SKY program while control group received standard treatment alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: World Health Organization QOL-brief scale was used to measure QOL and urine tested to assess recent drug use. Assessments were made at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using generalized estimation equation to assess within group change with time and the overall difference between groups for changes at assessment points. RESULTS: Overtime within study group, all four QOL domain scores were significantly higher at 6 months. Between group comparison showed significant increase in physical (P<0.05); psychological (P<0.001) and environment domains (P<0.001) for study group while control group showed significant changes in social relationship domain only. Urine screening results were negative for study group indicating no drug use at 6 months. CONCLUSION: SKY as a complementary therapy was found beneficial in improving QOL for group practicing it and is recommended for use as low cost and low-risk adjunct in substance treatment settings in India. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2015

Abstract Title: Telomerase activity and cellular aging might be positively modified by a yoga-based lifestyle intervention. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Jun ;21(6):370-2. Epub 2015 May 12. PMID: 25964984 Abstract Author(s): Shiv Basant Kumar, Rashmi Yadav, Raj Kumar Yadav, Madhuri Tolahunase, Rima Dada Article Affiliation: Shiv Basant Kumar Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent studies showed that a brief yoga-based lifestyle intervention was efficacious in reducing levels of oxidative stress and cellular aging in obese men. The objective of this case report was to assess the efficacy of this intervention in reducing the levels of biochemical markers of cellular ageing, oxidative stress, and inflammation at baseline (day 0), at the end of active intervention (day 10), and follow-up at day 90. DESIGN: Single case report from a prospective ongoing study with pre-post design assessing the level of various markers of cellular aging. SETTING: Integral Health Clinic, an outpatient facility conducting meditation and yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for management of chronic diseases. PATIENT: A 31-year-old man with class I obesity (body-mass index, 29.5 kg/m(2)) who presented to the medicine outpatient department at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, with a history of fatigue, difficulty losing weight, and lack of motivation. He noted a marked decrease in his energy level, particularly in the afternoon. INTERVENTION: A pretested intervention program included asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), stress management, group discussions, lectures, and individualized advice. RESULTS: From baseline (day 0) to day 90, the activity of telomerase and levels ofβ-endorphins, plasma cortisol, and interleukin-6 increased, and a sustained reduction in oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine levels. CONCLUSIONS: Adopting yoga/meditation-based lifestyle modification causes reversal of markers of aging, mainly oxidative stress, telomerase activity, and oxidative DNA damage. This may not only delay aging and prolong a youthful healthy life but also delay or prevent onset of several lifestyle-related diseases, of which oxidative stress and inflammation are the chief cause. This report suggests this simple lifestyle intervention may be therapeutic for oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress. Article Published Date : May 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Nasal cycle dominance and hallucinations in an adult schizophrenic female. Abstract Source: Psychiatry Res. 2015 Mar 30 ;226(1):289-94. Epub 2015 Jan 13. PMID: 25660663 Abstract Author(s): David Shannahoff-Khalsa, Shahrokh Golshan Article Affiliation: David Shannahoff-Khalsa Abstract: Nasal dominance, at the onset of hallucinations, was studied as a marker of both the lateralized ultradian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system and the tightly coupled ultradian rhythm of alternating cerebral hemispheric dominance in a single case study of a schizophrenic female. Over 1086 days, 145 hallucination episodes occurred with left nostril dominance significantly greater than the right nostril dominant phase of the nasal cycle. A right nostril breathing exercise, that primarily stimulates the left hemisphere, reduces symptoms more quickly for hallucinations. Article Published Date : Mar 29, 2015

Abstract Title: Association of leukocyte telomere length with oxidative stress in yoga practitioners. Abstract Source: J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Mar ;9(3):CC01-3. Epub 2015 Mar 1. PMID: 25954614 Abstract Author(s): Bandi Hari Krishna, Gorantla Shravya Keerthi, Chintala Kiran Kumar, Natham Mallikarjuna Reddy Article Affiliation: Bandi Hari Krishna Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Yoga is a mind-body modulation technique that has been shown to have beneficial effects on various diseases related to various systems in the body. However, the molecular basis of mechanism of action is not clear. Hence, this study was designed to study the leukocyte telomere biology and its relation with homocysteine and oxidative stress in yoga practitioners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective case-control study involving Yoga practitioners aged 30-40 y with minimum of two years yoga practice (Yoga group) and age, gender and body mass index matched sedentary healthy general population with no medical problems (Control group). Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured by using quantitative PCR (qPCR), fasting plasma homocysteine was measured by a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography assay and the oxidative stress was assessed with total antioxidant status (TAOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) measured by calorimetry. RESULTS: The LTL was shorter in control group than in yoga group (p<0.001). The TAOS was more in yoga group when compared to control group (p=0.008), MDA and homocysteine was high in control group when compared to Yoga group (p<0.001). Further, the LTL was positively correlated with TAOS (r=0.841, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with MDA (r=-0.931, p<0.001) and Homocysteine (r=-0.756, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The LTL is well-preserved in people who practice Yoga regularly with lower systemic oxidative stress compared to those who have a relatively sedentary lifestyle despite lack of any medical disorders. The habitual yoga practice seems to inhibit replicative cellular senescence. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2015

Abstract Title: Disc extrusions and bulges in nonspecific low back pain and sciatica: Exploratory randomised controlled trial comparing yoga therapy and normal medical treatment. Abstract Source: J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2015 ;28(2):383-92. PMID: 25271201 Abstract Author(s): Robin Monro, Abhishek Kumar Bhardwaj, Ram Kumar Gupta, Shirley Telles, Beth Allen, Paul Little Article Affiliation: Robin Monro Abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous trials of yoga therapy for nonspecific low back pain (nsLBP) (without sciatica) showed beneficial effects. OBJECTIVE: To test effects of yoga therapy on pain and disability associated with lumbar disc extrusions and bulges. METHODS: Parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial. Sixty-one adults from rural population, aged 20-45, with nsLBP or sciatica, and disc extrusions or bulges. Randomised to yoga (n=30) and control (n=31). Yoga: 3-month yoga course of group classes and home practice, designed to ensure safety for disc extrusions. CONTROL: normal medical care. OUTCOME MEASURES (3-4 months) Primary: Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); worst pain in past two weeks. Secondary: Aberdeen Low Back Pain Scale; straight leg raise test; structural changes. RESULTS: Disc projections per case ranged from one bulge or one extrusion to three bulges plus two extrusions. Sixty-two percent had sciatica. Intention-to-treat analysis of the RMDQ data, adjusted for age, sex and baseline RMDQ scores, gave a Yoga Group score 3.29 points lower than Control Group (0.98, 5.61; p=0.006) at 3 months. No other significant differences in the endpoints occurred. No adverse effects of yoga were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga therapy can be safe and beneficial for patients with nsLBP or sciatica, accompanied by disc extrusions and bulges. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Sudarshan Kriya yoga improves quality of life in healthy people living with HIV (PLHIV): results from an open label randomized clinical trial. Abstract Source: Indian J Med Res. 2015 Jan ;141(1):90-9. PMID: 25857500 Abstract Author(s): N Mawar, T Katendra, R Bagul, S Bembalkar, A Vedamurthachar, S Tripathy, K Srinivas, K Mandar, N Kumar, N Gupte, R S Paranjape Article Affiliation: N Mawar Abstract: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Improving quality of life (QOL) of healthy people living with HIV (PLHIV) is critical needing home-based, long-term strategy. Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY) intervention is acknowledged for its positive impact on health. It is hypothesised that SKY would improve PLHIV's QOL, justifying an evaluation. METHODS: In this open label randomized controlled pilot trial, 61 adult PLHIV with CD4 count more than 400 cells/µl and Karnofsky scale score above 70 were enrolled. Those with cardiac disease, jaundice, tuberculosis, or on antiretroviral therapy/yoga intervention were excluded. All were given standard care, randomized to SKY intervention (31: I-SKY) and only standard of care in control (30: O-SOC) arms. TheI-SKY participants were trained for six days to prepare for daily practice of SKY at home for 30 min. A validated 31-item WHOQOL-HIVBREF questionnaire was used to document effect in both arms from baseline to three visits at 4 wk interval. RESULTS: Baseline QOL scores, hypertension and CD4 count were similar in both arms. An overall 6 per cent improvement of QOL scores was observed in I-SKY group as compared to O-SOC group, after controlling for baseline variables like age, gender, education and occupation ( p =0.016); 12 per cent for physical ( p =0.004), 11 per cent psychological (p =0.023) and 9 per cent level of independence (p =0.001) domains. Improvement in I-SKY observed at post-training and in the SKY adherence group showed increase in these two domains. CONCLUSIONS: A significant improvement in QOL scores was observed for the three health related QOL domains in SKY intervention arm. This low cost strategy improved physical and psychological state of PLHIV calling for upscaling with effective monitoring for sustainability of quality of life. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Effect of Yoga-Based Intervention in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga Therap. 2015 ;25(1):101-12. PMID: 26667293 Abstract Author(s): Purnima Sharma, Gopal Poojary, Diana María Agudelo Vélez, Sada Nand Dwivedi, Kishore Kumar Deepak Article Affiliation: Purnima Sharma Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness characterized by gross inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract that can result in symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, and bloody stools. IBD is believed to be influenced by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. Therefore, a yoga intervention that reduces stress and anxiety may be an effective complementary treatment for these disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 IBD patients [ulcerative colitis (UC) n = 60 and Crohn's disease (CD) n = 40] during the clinical remission phase of disease were included in the study. These patients were allocated randomly to either the yoga group that underwent an 8-week yoga intervention (physical postures, pranayama, and meditation) 1- hour/day in addition to standard medical therapy (UC, n = 30; CD, n = 20) or the control group (UC, n = 30; CD n = 20), which continued with standard medical therapy alone. The main outcome measures were cardiovascular autonomic functions, serum eosinophilic cationic protein, interleukin- 2 soluble receptors, Speilberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Before the intervention, all the outcome measures were comparable in the two groups. After the 8-week yoga intervention, fewer UC patients reported arthralgia. The number of patients reporting intestinal colic pain in the control group was higher. State and trait anxiety levels were significantly reduced in patients with UC. However, no significant changes were observed in cardiovascular autonomic functions, eosinophilic cationic proteins, or interleukin-2 soluble receptors. CONCLUSIONS: A simplified yoga-based regimen is a safe and effective complementary clinical treatment modality for patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the clinical remission phase. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Yoga versus standard care for schizophrenia. Abstract Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 ;10:CD010554. Epub 2015 Oct 21. PMID: 26488850 Abstract Author(s): Julie Broderick, Abigail Knowles, Jonathan Chadwick, Davy Vancampfort Article Affiliation: Julie Broderick Abstract: BACKGROUND: Yoga is an ancient spiritual practice that originated in India and is currently accepted in the Western world as a form of relaxation and exercise. It has been of interest for people with schizophrenia to determine its efficacy as an adjunct to standard-care treatment. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of yoga versus standard care for people with schizophrenia. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (November 2012 and January 29, 2015), which is based on regular searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, BIOSIS, AMED, PsycINFO, and registries of clinical trials. We searched the references of all included studies. There were no language, date, document type, or publication status limitations for inclusion of records in the register. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including people with schizophrenia comparing yoga to standard-care control. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The review team independently selected studies, quality rated these, and extracted data. For binary outcomes, we calculated risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), on an intention-to-treat basis. For continuous data, we estimated the mean difference (MD) between groups and its 95% CI. We employed mixed-effect and fixed-effect models for analyses. We examined data for heterogeneity (I(2) technique), assessed risk of bias for included studies, and created 'Summary of findings' tables using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies in the review. All outcomes were short term (less than six months). There were clear differences in a number of outcomes in favour of the yoga group, although these were based on one study each, with the exception of leaving the study early. These included mental state (improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, 1 RCT, n = 83, RR 0.70 CI 0.55 to 0.88, medium-quality evidence), social functioning (improvement in Social Occupational Functioning Scale, 1 RCT, n = 83, RR 0.88 CI 0.77 to 1, medium-quality evidence), quality of life (average change 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) quality-of-life subscale, 1 RCT, n = 60, MD 15.50, 95% CI 4.27 to 26.73, low-quality evidence), and leaving the study early (8 RCTs, n = 457, RR 0.91 CI 0.6 to 1.37, medium-quality evidence). For the outcome of physical health, there was not a clear difference between groups (average change SF-36 physical-health subscale, 1 RCT, n = 60, MD 6.60, 95% CI -2.44 to 15.64, low-quality evidence). Only one study reported adverse effects, finding no incidence of adverse events in either treatment group. This review was subject to a considerable number of missing outcomes, which included global state, change in cognition, costs of care, effect on standard care, service intervention, disability, and activities of daily living. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Even though we found some positive evidence in favour of yoga over standard-care control, this should be interpreted cautiously in view of outcomes largely based each on one study with limited sample sizes and short-term follow-up. Overall, many outcomes were not reported and evidence presented in this review is of low to moderate quality - -too weak to indicate that yoga is superior to standard-care control for the management of schizophrenia. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Integrating Yoga Therapy in the Management of Urinary Incontinence: A Case Report. Abstract Source: J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2014 Dec 24. Epub 2014 Dec 24. PMID: 25539839 Abstract Author(s): Suhas Ashok Vinchurkar, Dhananjay Vijay Arankalle Article Affiliation: Suhas Ashok Vinchurkar Abstract: A 63-year-old overweight female prediagnosed of stress urinary incontinence presented with exacerbated events of urine leakage. She was advised a residential lifestyle and behavioral program, primarily consisting of a monitored yoga therapy module, apart from her ongoing anticholinergic medicine, for 21 days. Assessments were based on a frequency volume chart, a bladder diary for the entire duration of treatment, and the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form questionnaire on the days of admission and discharge. A total of 1.9 kg of weight loss was observed during her stay. Usage of pad, as reported in her diary, reduced from 3 to 1 per day. Her International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form score reduced from 16 to 9, indicating better continence. She expressed subjective well-being and confidence in her social interactions. This is probably the first case report demonstrating feasibility of integration of yoga therapy in the management of urinary incontinence. Article Published Date : Dec 23, 2014

Abstract Title: Effects of Yoga Intervention during Pregnancy: A Review for Current Status. Abstract Source: Am J Perinatol. 2014 Dec 23. Epub 2014 Dec 23. PMID: 25535930 Abstract Author(s): Qinxian Jiang, Zhengguo Wu, Li Zhou, Jenae Dunlop, Peijie Chen Article Affiliation: Qinxian Jiang Abstract: Objectives The purpose of this article is to review all randomized control trials (RCTs) that have looked at the health effects of yoga on pregnancy, and to present their evidence on the specific ways in which pregnant women, and their infants can benefit from yoga intervention. The purpose is also to determine whether yoga intervention during pregnancy is more beneficial than other physical exercises. Methods Four databases were searched using the terms"yoga and (pregnancy or pregnant or prenatal or postnatal or postpartum)."Databases were searched from January 2004 to February 2014. Results Ten randomized controlled trials were evaluated. The findings consistently indicate that yoga intervention presented with lower incidences of prenatal disorders (p ≤ 0.05), and small gestational age (p < 0.05), lower levels of pain and stress (p < 0.05), and higher score of relationship (p < 0.05). In addition, yoga can be safely used for pregnant women who are depressed, at high-risk, or experience lumbopelvic pain. Moreover, yoga is a more effective exercise than walking or standard prenatal exercises. Conclusions The findings suggest that yoga is a safe and more effective intervention during pregnancy. However, further RCTs are needed to provide firmer evidence regarding the utility and validity of yoga intervention. Article Published Date : Dec 22, 2014

Abstract Title: Effects of Yoga in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis. Abstract Source: Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014 Oct 10 ;0. Epub 2014 Oct 10. PMID: 25317861 Abstract Author(s): Mansueto Gomes-Neto, Erenaldo Sousa Rodrigues-Jr, Walderi Monteiro Silva-Jr, Vitor Oliveira Carvalho Article Affiliation: Mansueto Gomes-Neto Abstract: The use of yoga as an effective cardiac rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the effects of yoga on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with CHF. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Excerpta Medica database, LILACS, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, The Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (from the earliest date available to December 2013) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of yoga versus exercise and/or of yoga versus control on exercise capacity (peakVO2) and quality-of-life (HRQOL) in CHF. Two reviewers selected studies independently. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Two studies met the selection criteria (total: 30 yoga and 29 control patients). The results suggested that yoga compared with control had a positive impact on peak VO2 and HRQOL. Peak VO2, WMD (3.87 95% CI: 1.95 to 5.80), and global HRQOL standardized mean differences (-12.46 95% CI: -22.49 to -2.43) improved in the yoga group compared to the control group. Yoga enhances peak VO2 and HRQOL in patients with CHF and could be considered for inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Larger RCTs are required to further investigate the effects of yoga in patients with CHF. Article Published Date : Oct 09, 2014

Abstract Title: Meditation for migraines: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Headache. 2014 Oct ;54(9):1484-95. Epub 2014 Jul 18. PMID: 25041058 Abstract Author(s): Rebecca Erwin Wells, Rebecca Burch, Randall H Paulsen, Peter M Wayne, Timothy T Houle, Elizabeth Loder Article Affiliation: Rebecca Erwin Wells Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the safety, feasibility, and effects of the standardized 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course in adults with migraines. BACKGROUND: Stress is a well-known trigger for headaches. Research supports the general benefits of mind/body interventions for migraines, but there are few rigorous studies supporting the use of specific standardized interventions. MBSR is a standardized 8-week mind/body intervention that teaches mindfulness meditation/yoga. Preliminary research has shown MBSR to be effective for chronic pain syndromes, but it has not been evaluated for migraines. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 19 episodic migraineurs randomized to either MBSR (n = 10) or usual care (n = 9). Our primary outcome was change in migraine frequency from baseline to initial follow-up. Secondary outcomes included change in headache severity, duration, self-efficacy, perceived stress, migraine-related disability/impact, anxiety, depression, mindfulness, and quality of life from baseline to initial follow-up. RESULTS: MBSR was safe (no adverse events), with 0% dropout and excellent adherence (daily meditation average: 34 ± 11 minutes, range 16-50 minutes/day). Median class attendance from 9 classes (including retreat day) was 8 (range [3, 9]); average class attendance was 6.7 ± 2.5. MBSR participants had 1.4 fewer migraines/month (MBSR: 3.5 to 1.0 vs control: 1.2 to 0 migraines/month, 95% confidence intervalCI [-4.6, 1.8], P = .38), an effect that did not reach statistical significance in this pilot sample. Headaches were less severe, although not significantly so (-1.3 points/headache on 0-10 scale, [-2.3, 0.09], P = .053) and shorter (-2.9 hours/headache, [-4.6, -0.02], P = .043) vs control. MigraineDisability Assessment and Headache Impact Test-6 dropped in MBSR vs control (-12.6, [-22.0, -1.0], P = .017 and -4.8, [-11.0, -1.0], P = .043, respectively). Self-efficacy and mindfulness improved in MBSR vs control (13.2 [1.0, 30.0], P = .035 and 13.1 [3.0, 26.0], P = .035 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: MBSR is safe and feasible for adults with migraines. Although the small sample size of this pilot trial did not provide power to detect statistically significant changes in migraine frequency or severity, secondary outcomes demonstrated this intervention had a beneficial effect on headache duration, disability, self-efficacy, and mindfulness. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate this intervention for adults with migraines. This study was prospectively registered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01545466). Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2014

Abstract Title: Yoga: a biobehavioral approach to reduce symptom distress in women with urge urinary incontinence. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Oct ;20(10):737-42. Epub 2014 Aug 19. PMID: 25137182 Abstract Author(s): Sandi Tenfelde, Linda Witek Janusek Article Affiliation: Sandi Tenfelde Abstract: Urge urinary incontinence is a debilitating chronic condition that poses challenges for affected women and the clinicians who care for them. Multicomponent behavioral therapies have shown promise in allowing women to manage their symptoms. New evidence suggests an underlying pathophysiologic inflammatory process for urge urinary incontinence, and complementary therapies that address the psychoneuroimmunology component may improve the health and quality of life for the millions of women with this condition. Yoga, a mind-body therapy, has been shown to reduce inflammation and may help improve symptoms of urge urinary incontinence. More research is necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of yoga to reduce urge urinary incontinence symptom burden and improve quality of life. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2014

Abstract Title: Breathing-based meditation decreases posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in U.S. military veterans: a randomized controlled longitudinal study. Abstract Source: J Trauma Stress. 2014 Aug ;27(4):397-405. PMID: 25158633 Abstract Author(s): Emma M Seppälä, Jack B Nitschke, Dana L Tudorascu, Andrea Hayes, Michael R Goldstein, Dong T H Nguyen, David Perlman, Richard J Davidson Article Affiliation: Emma M Seppälä Abstract: Given the limited success of conventional treatments for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), investigations of alternative approaches are warranted. We examined the effects of a breathing-based meditation intervention, Sudarshan Kriya yoga, on PTSD outcome variables in U.S. male veterans of the Iraq or Afghanistan war. We randomly assigned 21 veterans to an active (n = 11) or waitlist control (n = 10) group. Laboratory measures of eye-blink startle and respiration rate were obtained before and after the intervention, as were self-report symptom measures; the latter were also obtained 1 month and 1 year later. The active group showed reductions in PTSD scores, d = 1.16, 95% CI [0.20, 2.04], anxiety symptoms, and respiration rate, but the control group did not. Reductions in startle correlated with reductions in hyperarousal symptoms immediately postintervention (r = .93, p<.001) and at 1-year follow-up (r = .77, p = .025). This longitudinal intervention study suggests there may be clinical utility for Sudarshan Kriya yoga for PTSD. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Effect of controlled breathing exercises on the psychological status and the cardiac autonomic tone: Sudarshan Kriya and Prana-Yoga. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Jul-Sep;58(3):211-21. PMID: 25906603 Abstract Author(s): Chhaya Kharya, Varun Gupta, Kishore Kumar Deepak, Rajesh Sagar, Ashish Upadhyav, Vinod Kochupillai, Sneh Anand Article Affiliation: Chhaya Kharya Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to observe the effect of controlled breathing exercises including Sudarshan Kriya (SK) and Prana-Yoga (PY) on the psycho-physiological status. METHODS: The study group included 60 healthy volunteers (M:30, F:30) in the age group of 18 to 30 years (21.3± 3.2 yrs), randomly divided in to three groups of 20 subjects each--(1) The SK group (2) the PY group and the (3) Control group. The psycho-physiological data was collected at the following four time interventions: Baseline, 6th, 60th and the 150th day. Psychological assessment was done using questionnaires and for the autonomic tone quantification Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis was done using the standard lead II electrocardiogram recordings. In a post-hoc analysis each group was further sub divided in to the following two patterns, based on the baseline values of normalized Low Frequency (LF) power (cutoff 64 ms2): (i) Pattern A-Subjects with low level LF power, and (ii) Pattern B- subjects with high level LF power. RESULTS: The stress management skills have shown significant increase in SK group but not in PY and Control group. Subjects of SK, PY, and control group showed significant increase in LF value and LF:HF ratio for pattern A and significant decrease for pattern B. Plotted LF value for pattern A&B in SK and PY practitioners showed convergence, coming to a mean value over the period of 150 days. The LF:HF ratio curve plotted over time for pattern A&B showed convergence in SK group only. No such convergence in LF value&LF/HF ratio for pattern A&B was seen in control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Sudarshan Kriya positively modifies stress coping behavior and initiates appropriate balance in cardiac autonomic tone. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2014

Abstract Title: Completion report: Effect of Comprehensive Yogic Breathing program on type 2 diabetes: A randomized control trial. Abstract Source: Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jul ;18(4):582-4. PMID: 25143922 Abstract Author(s): V P Jyotsna, Anju Dhawan, V Sreenivas, K K Deepak, Rajiv Singla Article Affiliation: V P Jyotsna Abstract: BACKGROUND: Yoga has been shown to be beneficial in diabetes in many studies, though randomized control trials are few. The aim of this randomized control trial was to see the effect of Sudarshan Kriya and related practices (comprehensive yogic breathing program) on quality of life, glycemic control, and cardiac autonomic functions in diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy has been implicated in the causation of sudden cardiac death. Therefore, a maneuver to prevent progression of cardiac autonomic neuropathy holds significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients of diabetes on oral medication and diet and exercise advice were randomized into two groups: (1) Continued to receive standard treatment for diabetes. (2) Patients administered comprehensive yogic breathing program and monitored to regularly practice yoga in addition to standard treatment of diabetes. At 6 months, quality of life and postprandial plasma glucose significantly improved in the group practicing yoga compared to baseline, but there was no significant improvement in the fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin. RESULTS: On per protocol analysis, sympathetic cardiac autonomic functions significantly improved from baseline in the group practicing comprehensive yogic breathing. CONCLUSION: This randomized control trial points towards the beneficial effect of yogic breathing program in preventing progression of cardiac neuropathy. This has important implications as cardiac autonomic neuropathy has been considered as one of the factors for sudden cardiac deaths. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2014

Abstract Title: Yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 Jun ;75(6):e559-65. PMID: 25004196 Abstract Author(s): Bessel A van der Kolk, Laura Stone, Jennifer West, Alison Rhodes, David Emerson, Michael Suvak, Joseph Spinazzola Article Affiliation: Bessel A van der Kolk Abstract: BACKGROUND: More than a third of the approximately 10 million women with histories of interpersonal violence in the United States develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Currently available treatments for this population have a high rate of incomplete response, in part because problems in affect and impulse regulation are major obstacles to resolving PTSD. This study explored the efficacy of yoga to increase affect tolerance and to decrease PTSD symptomatology. METHOD: Sixty-four women with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD were randomly assigned to either trauma-informed yoga or supportive women's health education, each as a weekly 1-hour class for 10 weeks. Assessments were conducted at pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment and included measures of DSM-IV PTSD, affect regulation, and depression. The study ran from 2008 through 2011. RESULTS: The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). At the end of the study, 16 of 31 participants (52%) in the yoga group no longer met criteria for PTSD compared to 6 of 29 (21%) in the control group (n = 60,χ²₁ = 6.17, P = .013). Both groups exhibited significant decreases on the CAPS, with the decrease falling in the large effect size range for the yoga group (d = 1.07) and the medium to large effect size decrease for the control group (d = 0.66). Both the yoga (b = -9.21, t = -2.34, P = .02, d =-0.37) and control (b = -22.12, t = -3.39, P = .001, d = -0.54) groups exhibited significant decreases from pretreatment to the midtreatment assessment. However, a significant group × quadratic trend interaction (d = -0.34) showed that the pattern of change in Davidson Trauma Scale significantly differed across groups. The yoga group exhibited a significant medium effect size linear (d = -0.52) trend. In contrast, the control group exhibited only a significant medium effect size quadratic trend (d = 0.46) but did not exhibit a significant linear trend (d = -0.29). Thus, both groups exhibitedsignificant decreases in PTSD symptoms during the first half of treatment, but these improvements were maintained in the yoga group, while the control group relapsed after its initial improvement. DISCUSSION: Yoga significantly reduced PTSD symptomatology, with effect sizes comparable to well-researched psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic approaches. Yoga may improve the functioning of traumatized individuals by helping them to tolerate physical and sensory experiences associated with fear and helplessness and to increase emotional awareness and affect tolerance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00839813. Article Published Date : May 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Obesity-related inflammation&cardiovascular disease: efficacy of a yoga-based lifestyle intervention. Abstract Source: Indian J Med Res. 2014 Jun ;139(6):822-34. PMID: 25109716 Abstract Author(s): Kumar Sarvottam, Raj Kumar Yadav Article Affiliation: Kumar Sarvottam Abstract: Obesity is a global health burden and its prevalence is increasing substantially due to changing lifestyle. Chronic adiposity is associated with metabolic imbalance leading to dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ releasing several adipocytokines, and is associated with increased levels of tissue and circulating inflammatory biomolecules causing vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Further, inflammation is also associated independently with obesity as well as CVD. Keeping this in view, it is possible that a reduction in weight may lead to a decrease in inflammation, resulting in CVD risk reduction, and better management of patients with CVD. Lifestyle intervention has been endorsed by several health authorities in prevention and management of chronic diseases. A yoga-based lifestyle intervention appears to be a promising option in reducing the risk for CVD as well as management of patients with CVD as it is simple to follow and cost-effective with high compliance. The efficacy of such lifestyle intervention programmes is multifaceted, and is achieved via reduction in weight, obesity-related inflammation and stress, thereby culminating into risk reduction towards several chronic diseases including CVD. In this review, the association between obesity-related inflammation and CVD, and the role of yoga-based lifestyle intervention in prevention and management of CVD are discussed. Article Published Date : May 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Randomized controlled trial of yoga for chronic poststroke hemiparesis: motor function, mental health, and quality of life outcomes. Abstract Source: Top Stroke Rehabil. 2014 May-Jun;21(3):256-71. PMID: 24985393 Abstract Author(s): Maarten A Immink, Susan Hillier, John Petkov Article Affiliation: Maarten A Immink Abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of yoga for motor function, mental health, and quality of life outcomes in persons with chronic poststroke hemiparesis. METHOD: Twenty-two individuals participated in a randomized controlled trial involving assessment of task-orientated function, balance, mobility, depression, anxiety, and quality of life domains before and after either a 10-week yoga intervention (n = 11) or no treatment (n = 11). RESULTS: The yoga intervention did not result in any significant improvements in objective motor function measures, however there was a significant improvement in quality of life associated with perceived motor function (P = .0001) and improvements in perceived recovery approached significance (P = .072). Memory-related quality of life scores significantly improved after yoga intervention (P = .022), and those participating in the intervention exhibited clinically relevant decreases in state and trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results offer promise for yoga as an intervention to address mental health and quality of life in persons with stroke-related activity limitations. There is a need to more rigorously evaluate these yoga benefits with a larger randomized controlled trial, which, based on this preliminary trial, is feasible. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2014

Abstract Title: A pilot study of a randomized controlled trial of yoga as an intervention for PTSD symptoms in women. Abstract Source: J Trauma Stress. 2014 Apr ;27(2):121-8. Epub 2014 Mar 25. PMID: 24668767 Abstract Author(s): Karen S Mitchell, Alexandra M Dick, Dawn M DiMartino, Brian N Smith, Barbara Niles, Karestan C Koenen, Amy Street Article Affiliation: Karen S Mitchell Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that affects approximately 10% of women in the United States. Although effective psychotherapeutic treatments for PTSD exist, clients with PTSD report additional benefits of complementary and alternative approaches such as yoga. In particular, yoga may downregulate the stress response and positively impact PTSD and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms. We conducted a pilot study of a randomized controlled trial comparing a 12-session Kripalu-based yoga intervention with an assessment control group. Participants included 38 women with current full or subthreshold PTSD symptoms. During the intervention, yoga participants showed decreases in reexperiencing and hyperarousal symptoms. The assessment control group, however, showed decreases in reexperiencing and anxiety symptoms as well, which may be a result of the positive effect of self-monitoring on PTSD and associated symptoms. Between-groups effect sizes were small to moderate (0.08-0.31). Although more research is needed, yoga may be an effective adjunctive treatment for PTSD. Participants responded positively to the intervention, suggesting that it was tolerable for this sample. Findings underscore the need for future research investigating mechanisms by which yoga may impact mental health symptoms, gender comparisons, and the long-term effects of yoga practice. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Iyengar yoga therapy as an intervention for cramp management in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: three case reports. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Apr ;20(4):322-6. Epub 2013 Nov 28. PMID: 24286340 Abstract Author(s): Subbappa Ribeiro Article Affiliation: Subbappa Ribeiro Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons, experience cramps at all stages of the illness. There is, at present, no effective medication to control the cramps and no agreement on how to treat the symptom in ALS patients. SUBJECTS: Three individuals who were diagnosed with ALS and reported suffering cramps in various parts of the body, which limited their activities or affected their sleep were invited to try Iyengar yoga. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: Yoga therapy, composed of stretching, breathing, and relaxation exercises, was prescribed for each case, based on the subject's physical disability and the presence of other symptoms. Although two subjects experienced cramps during the first therapy session, all three subjects reported the complete cessation of cramping within 3 weeks to 8 weeks of therapy. One of the subjects developed cramps in the hand after discontinuing yoga therapy for 7 months. However, the symptom stopped within 2 weeks of resuming yoga therapy. CONCLUSION: The alleviation of cramps in these three subjects indicates the possibility of yogic intervention for the management of cramps in individuals with ALS, but further research is necessary to understand the effectiveness of yoga therapy and to determine the exercises that are more prone to lead to cramping in some ALS individuals. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Effects of yoga breathing exercises on pulmonary function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an exploratory analysis. Abstract Source: J Bras Pneumol. 2014 Mar-Apr;40(2):128-33. PMID: 24831396 Abstract Author(s): Marcos Rojo Rodrigues, Celso Ricardo Fernandes Carvalho, Danilo Forghieri Santaella, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho, Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie Article Affiliation: Marcos Rojo Rodrigues Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy in children, and children with DMD die prematurely because of respiratory failure. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of yoga breathing exercises, as well as the effects of those exercises on respiratory function, in such children. METHODS: This was a prospective open-label study of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DMD, recruited from among those followed at the neurology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were taught how to perform hatha yoga breathing exercises and were instructed to perform the exercises three times a day for 10 months. RESULTS: Of the 76 patients who entered the study, 35 dropped out and 15 were unable to perform the breathing exercises, 26 having therefore completed the study (mean age, 9.5± 2.3 years; body mass index, 18.2 ± 3.8 kg/m(2)). The yoga breathing exercises resulted in a significant increase in FVC (% of predicted: 82.3 ± 18.6% at baseline vs. 90.3 ± 22.5% at 10 months later; p = 0.02) and FEV1 (% of predicted: 83.8 ± 16.6% at baseline vs. 90.1 ± 17.4% at 10 months later; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Yoga breathing exercises can improve pulmonary function in patients with DMD. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2014

Abstract Title: Effect of Integrated Yoga Module on Selected Psychological Variables among Women with Anxiety Problem. Abstract Source: West Indian Med J. 2014 Jan 17 ;63(1):83-85. Epub 2014 Jan 17. PMID: 25303199 Abstract Author(s): S Parthasarathy, K Jaiganesh, Duraisamy Article Affiliation: S Parthasarathy Abstract: The implementation of yogic practices has proven benefits in both organic and psychological diseases. Forty-five women with anxiety selected by a random sampling method were divided into three groups. Experimental group I was subjected to asanas, relaxation and pranayama while Experimental group II was subjected to an integrated yoga module. The control group did not receive any intervention. Anxiety was measured by Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale before and after treatment. Frustration was measured through Reaction to Frustration Scale. All data were spread in an Excel sheet to be analysed with SPSS 16 software using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Selected yoga and asanas decreased anxiety and frustration scores but treatment with an integrated yoga module resulted in significant reduction of anxiety and frustration. To conclude, the practice of asanas and yoga decreased anxiety in women, and yoga as an integrated module significantly improved anxiety scores in young women with proven anxiety without any ill effects. Article Published Date : Jan 16, 2014

Abstract Title: A yoga intervention for type 2 diabetes risk reduction: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 ;14:212. Epub 2014 Jul 1. PMID: 24980650 Abstract Author(s): Kelly A McDermott, Mohan Raghavendra Rao, Raghuram Nagarathna, Elizabeth J Murphy, Adam Burke, Ramarao Hongasandra Nagendra, Frederick M Hecht Article Affiliation: Kelly A McDermott Abstract: BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem in many countries including India. Yoga may be an effective type 2 diabetes prevention strategy in India, particularly given its cultural familiarity. METHODS: This was a parallel, randomized controlled pilot study to collect feasibility and preliminary efficacy data on yoga for diabetes risk factors among people at high risk of diabetes. Primary outcomes included: changes in BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, blood pressure, and cholesterol. We also looked at measures of psychological well-being including changes in depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect and perceived stress. Forty-one participants with elevated fasting blood glucose in Bangalore, India were randomized to either yoga (n = 21) or a walking control (n = 20). Participants were asked to either attend yoga classes or complete monitored walking 3-6 days per week for eight weeks. Randomization and allocation was performed using computer-generated random numbers and group assignments delivered in sealed, opaque envelopes generated by off-site study staff. Data were analyzed based on intention to treat. RESULTS: This study was feasible in terms of recruitment, retention and adherence. In addition, yoga participants had significantly greater reductions in weight, waist circumference and BMI versus control (weight -0.8 ± 2.1 vs. 1.4 ± 3.6, p = 0.02; waist circumference -4.2 ± 4.8 vs. 0.7 ± 4.2, p < 0.01; BMI -0.2 ± 0.8 vs. 0.6 ± 1.6, p = 0.05). There were no between group differences in fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, insulin resistance or any other factors related to diabetes risk or psychological well-being. There were significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, anxiety, depression, negative affect and perceived stress in both the yoga intervention and walking control over the course of the study. CONCLUSION: Among Indians with elevated fasting blood glucose, we found that participation in an 8-week yoga intervention was feasible and resulted in greater weight loss and reduction in waist circumference when compared to a walking control. Yoga offers a promising lifestyle intervention for decreasing weight-related type 2 diabetes risk factors and potentially increasing psychological well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identified NCT00090506. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in two cohorts of US women. Abstract Source: PLoS Med. 2014 Jan ;11(1):e1001587. Epub 2014 Jan 14. PMID: 24453948 Abstract Author(s): Anders Grøntved, An Pan, Rania A Mekary, Meir Stampfer, Walter C Willett, JoAnn E Manson, Frank B Hu Article Affiliation: Anders Grøntved Abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well established that aerobic physical activity can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but whether muscle-strengthening activities are beneficial for the prevention of T2D is unclear. This study examined the association of muscle-strengthening activities with the risk of T2D in women. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We prospectively followed up 99,316 middle-aged and older women for 8 years from the Nurses' Health Study ([NHS] aged 53-81 years, 2000-2008) and Nurses' Health Study II ([NHSII] aged 36-55 years, 2001-2009), who were free of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Participants reported weekly time spent on resistance exercise, lower intensity muscular conditioning exercises (yoga, stretching, toning), and aerobic moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline and in 2004/2005. Cox regression with adjustment for major determinants for T2D was carried out to examine the influence of these types of activities on T2D risk. During 705,869 person years of follow-up, 3,491 incident T2D cases were documented. In multivariable adjusted models including aerobic MVPA, the pooled relative risk (RR) for T2D for women performing 1-29, 30-59, 60-150, and>150 min/week of total muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities was 0.83, 0.93, 0.75, and 0.60 compared to women reporting no muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities (p<0.001 for trend). Furthermore, resistance exercise and lower intensity muscular conditioning exercises were each independently associated with lower risk of T2D in pooled analyses. Women who engaged in at least 150 min/week of aerobic MVPA and at least 60 min/week of muscle-strengthening activities had substantial risk reduction compared with inactive women (pooled RR = 0.33 [95% CI 0.29-0.38]). Limitations to the study include that muscle-strengthening and conditioning activity and other types of physical activity were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire and that the study population consisted of registered nurses with mostly European ancestry. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that engagement in muscle-strengthening and conditioning activities (resistance exercise, yoga, stretching, toning) is associated with a lower risk of T2D. Engagement in both aerobic MVPA and muscle-strengthening type activity is associated with a substantial reduction in the risk of T2D in middle-aged and older women. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Isometric yoga improves the fatigue and pain of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome who are resistant to conventional therapy: a randomized, controlled trial. Abstract Source: Biopsychosoc Med. 2014 ;8(1):27. Epub 2014 Dec 11. PMID: 25525457 Abstract Author(s): Takakazu Oka, Tokusei Tanahashi, Takeharu Chijiwa, Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren, Nobuyuki Sudo, Kae Oka Article Affiliation: Takakazu Oka Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) often complain of persistent fatigue even after conventional therapies such as pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, or graded exercise therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate in a randomized, controlled trial the feasibility and efficacy of isometric yoga in patients with CFS who are resistant to conventional treatments. METHODS: This trial enrolled 30 patients with CFS who did not have satisfactory improvement after receiving conventional therapy for at least six months. They were randomly divided into two groups and were treated with either conventional pharmacotherapy (control group, n = 15) or conventional therapy together with isometric yoga practice that consisted of biweekly, 20-minute sessions with a yoga instructor and daily in-home sessions (yoga group, n = 15) for approximately two months. The short-term effect of isometric yoga on fatigue was assessed by administration of the Profile of Mood Status (POMS) questionnaire immediately before and after the final 20-minute session with the instructor. The long-term effect of isometric yoga on fatigue was assessed by administration of the Chalder's Fatigue Scale (FS) questionnaire to both groups before and after the intervention. Adverse events and changes in subjective symptoms were recorded for subjects in the yoga group. RESULTS: All subjects completed the intervention. The mean POMS fatigue score decreased significantly (from 21.9 ± 7.7 to 13.8 ± 6.7, P < 0.001) after a yoga session. The Chalder's FS score decreased significantly (from 25.9 ± 6.1 to 19.2 ± 7.5, P = 0.002) in the yoga group, but not in the control group. In addition to the improvement of fatigue, two patients with CFS and fibromyalgia syndrome in the yoga group also reported pain relief. Furthermore, many subjects reported that their bodies became warmer and lighter after practicing isometric yoga. Although there were no serious adverse events in the yoga group, two patients complained of tiredness and one of dizziness after the first yoga session with the instructor. CONCLUSIONS: Isometric yoga as an add-on therapy is both feasible and successful at relieving the fatigue and pain of a subset of therapy-resistant patients with CFS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000009646. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Age-related changes in cardiovascular system, autonomic functions, and levels of BDNF of healthy active males: role of yogic practice. Abstract Source: Age (Dordr). 2014 ;36(4):9683. Epub 2014 Jul 11. PMID: 25012275 Abstract Author(s): Rameswar Pal, Som Nath Singh, Abhirup Chatterjee, Mantu Saha Article Affiliation: Rameswar Pal Abstract: Aging is associated with decline in cardiovascular, autonomic function, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Reports are scanty regarding whether yoga can improve age-related degenerative changes in healthy active men. This study is designed to appraise the role of yoga in improving age-related degenerative changes in cardiometabolic risk profile, autonomic function, stress, and BDNF. Healthy active males of three age groups (20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years) were randomly assigned to practice yoga daily 1 h for 3 months. Significantly higher values of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), load in heart (DoP), myocardial oxygen consumption (RPP), and total cholesterol (TC) were noted in senior age group. HR, BP, DoP, RPP, and TC decreased significantly following yogic practice. High frequency (HF), total power (TP), all time domain variables of heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SC) were significantly decreased with advancement of age. HF, TP, and time domain parameters of HRV and SC increased significantly following yogic practice. Higher levels of catecholamines and low frequency (LF) power of HRV was noted with advancement of age. Levels of catecholamines and LF significantly decreased following yogic practice. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level raised in senior age group. BDNF, serotonin, and dopamine were low in higher age group. Significant decrement of cortisol; ACTH; and increment in serotonin, dopamine, and BDNF was noted following yogic practice. This study revealed that yogic practices might help in the prevention of age-related degeneration by changing cardiometabolic risk factors, autonomic function, and BDNF in healthy male. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Impact of yoga on biochemical profile of asthmatics: A randomized controlled study. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2014 Jan ;7(1):17-21. PMID: 25035603 Abstract Author(s): Shruti Agnihotri, Surya Kant, Santosh Kumar, Ranjeet K Mishra, Satyendra K Mishra Article Affiliation: Shruti Agnihotri Abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The chronic inflammation causes an associated increase in airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing at night or in the early morning. Most of the studies have reported, as the effects of yoga on bronchial asthma, significant improvements in pulmonary functions, quality of life, and decrease in medication use, but none of the studies has attempted to show the effect of yoga on biochemical changes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of yoga on biochemical profile of asthmatics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 276 patients of mild to moderate asthma (FEV 1>60%) aged between 12 to 60 years were recruited from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George's Medical University, U.P., Lucknow, India. They were randomly divided into two groups: Yoga group (with standard medical treatment and yogic intervention) and control group as standard medical treatment (without yogic intervention). At completion of 6 months of the study period, 35 subjects were dropped out, so out of 276 subjects, only 241 subjects completed the whole study (121 subjects from yoga group and 120 subjects from control group). Biochemical assessment was carried out at baseline and after 6 months of the study period. RESULTS: In yoga group, there was significant improvement found in the proportion of hemoglobin and antioxidant superoxide dismutase in comparison to control group and significant decrease was found in total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocytes count in comparison to control group. There was no significant change found in TLC, polymorphs, and monocytes in between group comparison. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga group got significantly better improvement in biochemical variables than control group. Result shows that yoga can be practiced as adjuvant therapy with standard inhalation therapy for better outcome of asthma. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Effect of community-based yoga intervention on oxidative stress and glycemic parameters in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2013 Dec ;21(6):571-6. Epub 2013 Sep 9. PMID: 24280463 Abstract Author(s): Shreelaxmi V Hegde, Prabha Adhikari, Sowmya Shetty, Poornima Manjrekar, Vivian D'Souza Article Affiliation: Shreelaxmi V Hegde Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness of yoga intervention on oxidative stress, glycemic status, blood pressure and anthropometry in prediabetes. DESIGN: Randomized-controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty nine prediabetes subjects aged 30-75 years. SETTING: Yoga was conducted at 4 different community diabetes clinics in Mangalore, India. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to either 3-month yoga or wait-list control groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Malondialdehyde, glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase, plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure. RESULTS: Yoga intervention resulted in a significant decline in malondialdehyde (p<0.001), relative to the control group. In comparison with the control, there was a significant improvement in BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose levels at follow-up. No significant improvement in glycated haemoglobin, waist-to-hip ratio or any of the antioxidants was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga intervention may be helpful in control of oxidative stress in prediabetes subjects. Yoga can also be beneficial in reduction in BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose. Effect of yoga on antioxidant parameters was not evident in this study. The findings of this study need to be confirmed in larger trials involving active control groups. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2013

Abstract Title: Randomized Controlled Trial in Advance Stage Breast Cancer Patients for the Effectiveness on Stress Marker and Pain through Sudarshan Kriya and Pranayam. Abstract Source: Indian J Palliat Care. 2013 Sep ;19(3):180-5. PMID: 24347909 Abstract Author(s): Neeta Kumar, Sushma Bhatnagar, T Velpandian, Santosh Patnaik, Geetha Menon, Manju Mehta, Komal Kashyap, Vishwajeet Singh, Surajpal Article Affiliation: Neeta Kumar Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine the effect of a cognitive, behavioral stress management module of Sudarshan Kriya (SK) and P on levels of serum cortisol and pain among the women suffering from advanced stage breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants (n = 147) were screened and randomized to receive standard care (n = 69) versus standard along with SK and Pranayam (P) intervention (n = 78) imparted in one 18 hrs workshop spread during 3 days. Participants were expected to practice it at home 20 min daily as adjuvant to standard pharmacological treatment for pain. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in blood cortisol levels after 3 months of practice of SK and P. Mean blood levels in the intervention arm were 341.2 ng/ml against 549.2 ng/ml in the control arm (P≤ 0.002). Pain perception in comparison to control arm reduced by 3 points in SK and P arm on 0-10 verbal scale of pain. CONCLUSION: SK and P is an effective intervention in reducing stress and pain among advance stage patients of breast cancer. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga therapy on plasma oxytocin and facial emotion recognition deficits in patients of schizophrenia. Abstract Source: Indian J Psychiatry. 2013 Jul ;55(Suppl 3):S409-13. PMID: 24049210 Abstract Author(s): N Jayaram, S Varambally, R V Behere, G Venkatasubramanian, R Arasappa, R Christopher, B N Gangadhar Article Affiliation: N Jayaram Abstract: CONTEXT: Yoga therapy has been demonstrated to be useful in treatment of negative symptoms and improving the socio-occupational functioning and emotion recognition deficits in antipsychotic-stabilized schizophrenia patients. Oxytocin has been recently implicated in social cognition deficits in schizophrenia. The effect of yoga therapy on oxytocin levels in schizophrenia has not been studied. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the effect of yoga therapy on symptoms, socio-occupational functioning, facial emotion recognition deficits and plasma oxytocin levels in antipsychotic stabilized schizophrenia patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Randomized controlled study on 43 consenting, medication stabilized patients with schizophrenia in a tertiary psychiatric center using yoga intervention and waitlisted groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 43 schizophrenia patients were randomized to yoga group (n=15) or waitlist group (n=28). Patients in the yoga group received training in a specific yoga therapy module for schizophrenia. Patients in both groups were continued on stable antipsychotic medication. Assessments included scale for assessment of positive symptoms, scale for assessment of negative symptoms, socio-occupational functioning scale and tool for recognition of emotions in neuropsychiatric disorders (TRENDS) and plasma oxytocin levels; performed at baseline and at the end of 1 month. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients in the yoga group and 12 in waitlist group completed the study. The yoga therapy group showed a significant improvement in socio-occupational functioning, performance on TRENDS (P<0.001) and plasma increase in oxytocin levels (P=0.01) as compared with the waitlist group. CONCLUSION: The study supported the role of add-on yoga therapy in management of schizophrenia and demonstrated an improvement in endogenous plasma oxytocin levels in schizophrenia patients receiving yoga therapy. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2013

Abstract Title: Cardiac autonomic function in patients with diabetes improves with practice of comprehensive yogic breathing program. Abstract Source: Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013 May ;17(3):480-5. PMID: 23869306 Abstract Author(s): Viveka P Jyotsna, Smita Ambekar, Rajiv Singla, Ansumali Joshi, Anju Dhawan, Neeta Kumar, K K Deepak, V Sreenivas Article Affiliation: Viveka P Jyotsna Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to observe the effect comprehensive yogic breathing (Sudarshan Kriya Yoga [SKY] and Pranayam) had on cardiac autonomic functions in patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective randomized controlled intervention trial. Cardiac autonomic functions were assessed in 64 diabetics. Patients were randomized into two groups, one group receiving standard therapy for diabetes and the other group receiving standard therapy for diabetes and comprehensive yogic breathing program. Standard therapy included dietary advice, brisk walking for 45 min daily, and administration of oral antidiabetic drugs. Comprehensive yogic breathing program was introduced to the participants through a course of 12 h spread over 3 days. It was an interactive session in which SKY, a rhythmic cyclical breathing, preceded by Pranayam is taught under the guidance of a certified teacher. Cardiac autonomic function tests were done before and after 6 months of intervention. RESULTS: In the intervention group, after practicing the breathing techniques for 6 months, the improvement in sympathetic functions was statistically significant (P 0.04). The change in sympathetic functions in the standard therapy group was not significant (P 0.75). Parasympathetic functions did not show any significant change in either group. When both parasympathetic and sympathetic cardiac autonomic functions were considered, there was a trend toward improvement in patients following comprehensive yogic breathing program (P 0.06). In the standard therapy group, no change in cardiac autonomic functions was noted (P 0.99). CONCLUSION: Cardiac autonomic functions improved in patients with diabetes on standard treatment who followed the comprehensive yogic breathing program compared to patients who were on standard therapy alone. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2013

Abstract Title: Therapeutic effect of yoga in patients with hypertension with reference to GST gene polymorphism. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Mar ;19(3):243-9. Epub 2012 Oct 12. PMID: 23062021 Abstract Author(s): Kanupriya Dhameja, Savita Singh, M D Mustafa, K P Singh, Basu Dev Banerjee, Mukul Agarwal, Rafat S Ahmed Article Affiliation: Kanupriya Dhameja Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertension, a chronic medical condition of increased blood pressure, is a serious public health problem. Environmental and genetic risk factors are known to predispose to hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism with oxidative stress in hypertensive patients and the possible beneficial effect of yoga on them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty (60) hypertensive individuals, between 30 and 60 years of age, were divided into two groups of 30 each. The yoga group was subjected to 50-60 minutes of yogic practices daily for 42 days, while the control group included the remaining 30 age- and sex-matched hypertensive individuals. GST gene polymorphism was analyzed using multiple allele specific polymerase chain reaction, and oxidative stress parameters were assessed biochemically. RESULTS: Assessment of blood pressure showed a statistically significant though modest reduction (p<0.05) in the yoga group as compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde was observed to be significantly low (p<0.05), while antioxidant capacity in the form of GST showed an increasing trend and ferric-reducing ability of plasma was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the subjects who practiced yoga. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, yoga has been found to decrease blood pressure as well as the levels of oxidative stress in patients with hypertension. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2013

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga on serum homocysteine and nitric oxide levels in adolescent women with and without dysmenorrhea. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2013 Jan ;19(1):20-3. Epub 2012 Sep 10. PMID: 22963270 Abstract Author(s): Li-Wei Chien, Hui-Chi Chang, Chi-Feng Liu Article Affiliation: Li-Wei Chien Abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study is to explore the effect of yoga on the serum levels of homocysteine and nitric oxide (NO) in a cohort of women with primary dysmenorrhea and normal healthy controls. METHODS: A prospective controlled trial was conducted in 35 women with primary dysmenorrhea and 35 healthy controls in a community-based study. Short-form Menstrual Distress Questionnaires (MDQs) were administered to assess the menstrual symptoms. All participants were provided yoga intervention, twice a week at 30 minutes/session, consecutively for 8 weeks. Blood samples were drawn from each woman on the third day of the menstrual cycle. Assessments of MDQs and blood samples for the determination of homocysteine and NO concentrations were performed at baseline and within the first 3 days of their next menses after completion of yoga intervention. RESULTS: A total of 30 women from the dysmenorrheal group and 30 from the control group completed the study. Homocysteine levels were higher in those with dysmenorrhea when compared with healthy controls before yoga intervention (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05); however, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups after 8 weeks of yoga training (p<0.05). The concentrations of homocysteine in both the dysmenorrheal and control groups after 8 weeks decreased by 51.37% and 46.46%, respectively (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in NO levels between the two groups at baseline and after intervention. The total scores on the MDQs decreased significantly after yoga intervention in the dysmenorrheal group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Yoga intervention was found to be associated with reductions in severity of dysmenorrhea and may be effective in lowering serum homocysteine levels after an intervention period of 8 weeks. These observations suggest that yoga may have therapeutic effects in women by restoring endothelial function. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga exercise therapy on oxidative stress indicators with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2013 Jan ;6(1):31-8. PMID: 23440311 Abstract Author(s): Lorenzo Gordon, Donovan A McGrowder, Yeiny T Pena, Elsa Cabrera, Marilyn B Lawrence-Wright Article Affiliation: Lorenzo Gordon Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress promotes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in chronic renal disease. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga on oxidative stress indicators and oxidant status, in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. DESIGN: This prospective randomized study consisted of 33 ESRD patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group who were matched with 35 ESRD patients in the control group. OUTCOME MEASURES: The oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde - MDA, protein oxidation - POX, phospholipase A2 - PLA2 activity) and the oxidative status (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities) were determined in the blood samples taken at the pre-hemodialysis treatment, at baseline (0 months) and after four months. RESULTS: In patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group, lipid peroxidation, as indicated by MDA decreased by 4.0% after four months (P = 0.096). There was also a significant reduction in the activity of PLA from 2.68± 0.02 IU / L to 2.34 IU / L (- 12.7%; P = 0.010) and POX from 2.28 ± 0.02 nmol / mg to 2.22 ± 0.01 nmol / mg (- 22.6%; P = 0.0001). The activity of SOD significantly increased from 12.91 ± 0.17 U / L to 13.54 ± 0.15 U / L (4.65%; P = 0.0001) and catalase from 79.83 ± 0.63 U / L to 80.54 ± 0.80 U / L (0.90%; P = 0.0001). There was a significant correlation between the pre-hemodialysis oxidative stress parameters at the zero month and after four months for the activities of PLA (r = 0.440), catalase (r = 0.872), and SOD (r = 0.775). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the Hatha yoga exercise has therapeutic, preventative, and protective effects in ESRD subjects, by decreasing oxidative stress. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012

Abstract Title: Rapid gene expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes upon practice of a comprehensive yoga program. Abstract Source: PLoS One. 2013 ;8(4):e61910. Epub 2013 Apr 17. PMID: 23613970 Abstract Author(s): Su Qu, Solveig Mjelstad Olafsrud, Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda, Fahri Saatcioglu Article Affiliation: Su Qu Abstract: One of the most common integrative medicine (IM) modalities is yoga and related practices. Previous work has shown that yoga may improve wellness in healthy people and have benefits for patients. However, the mechanisms of how yoga may positively affect the mind-body system are largely unknown. Here we have assessed possible rapid changes in global gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in healthy people that practiced either a comprehensive yoga program or a control regimen. The experimental sessions included gentle yoga postures, breathing exercises, and meditation (Sudarshan Kriya and Related Practices--SK&P) compared with a control regimen of a nature walk and listening to relaxing music. We show that the SK&P program has a rapid and significantly greater effect on gene expression in PBMCs compared with the control regimen. These data suggest that yoga and related practices result in rapid gene expression alterations which may be the basis for their longer term cell biological and higher level health effects. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012

Abstract Title: Sudarshan kriya yoga: Breathing for health. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2013 Jan ;6(1):4-10. PMID: 23440614 Abstract Author(s): Sameer A Zope, Rakesh A Zope Article Affiliation: Sameer A Zope Abstract: Breathing techniques are regularly recommended for relaxation, stress management, control of psychophysiological states, and to improve organ function. Yogic breathing, defined as a manipulation of breath movement, has been shown to positively affect immune function, autonomic nervous system imbalances, and psychological or stress-related disorders. The aim of this study was to assess and provide a comprehensive review of the physiological mechanisms, the mind-body connection, and the benefits of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) in a wide range of clinical conditions. Various online databases searched were Medline, Psychinfo, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. All the results were carefully screened and articles on SKY were selected. The references from these articles were checked to find any other potentially relevant articles. SKY, a unique yogic breathing practice, involves several types of cyclical breathing patterns, ranging from slow and calming to rapid and stimulating. There is mounting evidence to suggest that SKY can be a beneficial, low-risk, low-cost adjunct to the treatment of stress, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, stress-related medical illnesses, substance abuse, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012

Abstract Title: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Yoga for Low Back Pain. Abstract Source: Clin J Pain. 2012 Dec 14. Epub 2012 Dec 14. PMID: 23246998 Abstract Author(s): Holger Cramer, Romy Lauche, Heidemarie Haller, Gustav Dobos Article Affiliation: Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Abstract: OBJECTIVES:: To systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness of yoga for low back pain. METHODS:: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CAMBASE, and PsycINFO, were screened through January 2012. Randomized controlled trials comparing yoga to control conditions in patients with low back pain were included. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Back Review Group. Main outcome measures were pain, back-specific disability, generic disability, health-related quality of life, and global improvement. For each outcome, standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS:: Ten randomized controlled trials with a total of 967 chronic low back pain patients were included. Eight studies had low risk of bias. There was strong evidence for short-term effects on pain (SMD=-0.48; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.31; P<0.01), back-specific disability (SMD=-0.59; 95% CI, -0.87 to -0.30; P<0.01), and global improvement (risk ratio=3.27; 95% CI, 1.89-5.66; P<0.01). There was strong evidence for a long-term effect on pain (SMD=-0.33; 95% CI, -0.59 to -0.07; P=0.01) and moderate evidence for a long-term effect on back-specific disability (SMD=-0.35; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.15; P<0.01). There was no evidence for either short-term or long-term effects on health-related quality of life. Yoga was not associated with serious adverse events. DISCUSSION:: This systematic review found strong evidence for short-term effectiveness and moderate evidence for long-term effectiveness of yoga for chronic low back pain in the most important patient-centered outcomes. Yoga can be recommended as an additional therapy to chronic low back pain patients. Article Published Date : Dec 13, 2012

Abstract Title: Randomized-controlled Trial Comparing Yoga and Home-based Exercise for Chronic Neck Pain. Abstract Source: Clin J Pain. 2012 Oct 4. Epub 2012 Oct 4. PMID: 23249655 Abstract Author(s): Holger Cramer, Romy Lauche, Claudia Hohmann, Rainer Lüdtke, Heidemarie Haller, Andreas Michalsen, Jost Langhorst, Gustav Dobos Article Affiliation: *Chair of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen†Karl and Veronica Carstens Foundation, Essen ‡Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine §Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany. Abstract: OBJECTIVES:: Chronic neck pain is a significant public health problem with only very few evidence-based treatment options. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of yoga for relieving musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Iyengar yoga compared with exercise on chronic nonspecific neck pain. METHODS:: Patients were randomly assigned to either yoga or exercise. The yoga group attended a 9-week yoga course and the exercise group received a self-care manual on home-based exercises for neck pain relief. The main outcome measure was the present neck pain intensity (100 mm visual analog scale). Secondary outcome measures included functional disability (Neck Disability Index), pain at motion (visual analog scale), health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 questionnaire), cervical range of motion, proprioceptive acuity, and pressure pain threshold. RESULTS:: Fifty-one patients (mean age 47.8 y ; 82.4% female) were randomized to yoga (n=25) and exercise (n=26) intervention. After the study period, patients in the yoga group reported significantly less neck pain intensity compared with the exercise group [mean difference: -13.9 mm (95% CI, -26.4 to -1.4), P=0.03]. The yoga group reported less disability and better mental quality of life. Range of motion and proprioceptive acuity were improved and the pressure pain threshold was elevated in the yoga group. DISCUSSION:: Yoga was more effective in relieving chronic nonspecific neck pain than a home-based exercise program. Yoga reduced neck pain intensity and disability and improved health-related quality of life. Moreover, yoga seems to influence the functional status of neck muscles, as indicated by improvement of physiological measures of neck pain. Article Published Date : Oct 03, 2012

Abstract Title: Yoga classes found to be more cost-effective for treating back pain than GP care. Abstract Source: Nurs Stand. 2012 Sep 12 ;27(2):17. PMID: 28064825 Abstract Author(s):   Abstract: Group yoga classes may be a cost-effective way of treating patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain, according to an evaluation of a specially-developed 12-week intervention. Article Published Date : Sep 11, 2012

Abstract Title: Comprehensive yogic breathing program improves quality of life in patients with diabetes. Abstract Source: Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 May ;16(3):423-8. PMID: 22629512 Abstract Author(s): Viveka P Jyotsna, Ansumali Joshi, Smita Ambekar, Neeta Kumar, Anju Dhawan, Vishnubhatla Sreenivas Article Affiliation: Viveka P Jyotsna Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a comprehensive yogic breathing program on glycemic control and quality of life (QOL) in patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective randomized controlled intervention trial. Patients having HbA1c between 6 and 9% for at least 3 months with lifestyle modification and oral antidiabetic medication were included. They were followed-up and randomized at 6 months into two groups: one group receiving standard treatment of diabetes and the other group receiving standard treatment of diabetes and taught and told to regularly practice the comprehensive yogic breathing program (Sudarshan Kriya Yoga and Pranayam). Change in fasting and post-prandial blood sugars, glycated hemoglobin and QOL as assessed by the World Health Organization QOL WHOQOL BREF questionnaire were assessed. RESULTS: There was a trend toward improvement in glycemic control in the group practicing the comprehensive yogic breathing program compared with the group following standard treatment alone, although this was not significant. There was significant improvement in physical, psychological and social domains and total QOL post-intervention in the group practicing the comprehensive yogic breathing program as compared with the group following standard treatment alone. CONCLUSION: There was significant improvement in the QOL and a non-significant trend toward improvement in glycemic control in the group practicing the comprehensive yogic breathing program compared with the group that was following standard treatment alone. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2012

Abstract Title: Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Abstract Source: Med Hypotheses. 2012 May ;78(5):571-9. Epub 2012 Feb 24. PMID: 22365651 Abstract Author(s): C C Streeter, P L Gerbarg, R B Saper, D A Ciraulo, R P Brown Article Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: A theory is proposed to explain the benefits of yoga practices in diverse, frequently comorbid medical conditions based on the concept that yoga practices reduce allostatic load in stress response systems such that optimal homeostasis is restored. It is hypothesized that stress induces (1) imbalance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with decreased parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, (2) underactivity of the gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) system, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter system, and (3) increased allostatic load. It is further hypothesized that yoga-based practices (4) correct underactivity of the PNS and GABA systems in part through stimulation of the vagus nerves, the main peripheral pathway of the PNS, and (5) reduce allostatic load. Depression, epilepsy, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic pain exemplify medical conditions that are exacerbated by stress, have low heart rate variability (HRV) and low GABAergic activity, respond to pharmacologic agents that increase activity of the GABA system, and show symptom improvement in response to yoga-based interventions. The observation that treatment resistant cases of epilepsy and depression respond to vagal nerve stimulation corroborates the need to correct PNS underactivity as part of a successful treatment plan in some cases. According to the proposed theory, the decreased PNS and GABAergic activity that underlies stress-related disorders can be corrected by yoga practices resulting in amelioration of disease symptoms. This has far-reaching implications for the integration of yoga-based practices in the treatment of a broad array of disorders exacerbated by stress. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2012

Abstract Title: Role of sudarshan kriya and pranayam on lipid profile and blood cell parameters during exam stress: A randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2012 Jan ;5(1):21-7. PMID: 22346062 Abstract Author(s): Swapna Subramanian, Tamilselvi Elango, Hemamalini Malligarjunan, Vinod Kochupillai, Haripriya Dayalan Article Affiliation: Swapna Subramanian Abstract: BACKGROUND: Yoga is a science practiced in India over thousands of years. It produces constituent physiological changes and has sound scientific basis. AIM: Since exam stress modifies lipid profile and hematological parameters, we conducted an investigation on the effect of sudarshan kriya (SK and P) program on these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples of 43 engineering students were collected at four intervals namely baseline (BL), exam stress (ES), three and six weeks practice of SK and P during exam stress. Lipid profile and hematological parameters were measured at all four intervals. RESULTS: ES elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. Hematological parameters affected by ES included neutrophil, lymphocytes, platelet count, packed cell volume (PCV) and mean cell volume (MCV). Three and six weeks practice of SK and P reduced the elevated lipid profile, hematological parameters and improved lymphocyte levels. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that SK and P practice has the potential to overcome ES by improving lipid profile and hematological parameters. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2011

Abstract Title: A multicomponent yoga-based, breath intervention program as an adjunctive treatment in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder with or without comorbidities. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2012 Jan ;5(1):57-65. PMID: 22346068 Abstract Author(s): Martin A Katzman, Monica Vermani, Patricia L Gerbarg, Richard P Brown, Christina Iorio, Michele Davis, Catherine Cameron, Dina Tsirgielis Article Affiliation: Martin A Katzman Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) course in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) outpatients, who after eight weeks of an appropriate dose of traditional therapy had not yet achieved remission. SUBJECTS: The adult participants (18-65 years) were outpatients with a primary diagnosis of GAD with or without comorbidities on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Participants had a minimum of eight weeks standard treatment with an appropriate dose of a standard prescription anxiolytic, a clinician global impression-severity (CGI-S) score of 5-7, a Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A) total score≥20 including a score of>2 on the anxious mood and tension items. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients were enrolled in an open-label trial of the SKY course as an adjunct to standard treatment of GAD at the START Clinic for Mood and Anxiety Disorders, a tertiary care mood and anxiety disorder clinic in Toronto. The SKY course was administered over five days (22 h total). Subjects were encouraged to practice the yoga breathing techniques at home for 20 min per day after the course and were offered group practice sessions for 2 h once a week led by certified yoga instructors. The primary outcome measure was the mean change from pre-treatment on the HAM-A scale. Psychological measures were obtained at baseline and four weeks after completing the intervention. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients completed the program (mean age 42.6± 13.3 years). Among completers, significant reductions occurred in the pre- and post-intervention mean HAM-A total score (t=4.59; P<0.01) and psychic subscale (t=5.00; P≤0.01). The response rate was 73% and the remission rate 41% as measured on the HAM-A. CONCLUSION: The results of this small pilot trial suggest that the SKY course represents a potentially valuable adjunct to standard pharmacotherapy in patients with GAD or treatment-resistant GAD, and warrants further investigation. In particular, changes in worry and body symptoms showed significant improvements that may further our understanding of the mechanism of change in the tolerance of anxiety and worry. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2011

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga on menopausal symptoms. Abstract Source: Menopause Int. 2011 Sep ;17(3):78-81. PMID: 21903710 Abstract Author(s): Sulabha Joshi, Rambhau Khandwe, Dinesh Bapat, Ujwala Deshmukh Article Affiliation: Correspondence: Dr Sulabha Joshi. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of yoga on menopausal symptoms using a prospective, randomized, controlled and interventional study. Main outcome measures Total Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) score and three subscale scores (somatovegetative, psychological and urogenital) were measured on day 1 and day 90 in the study group which performed yoga (asana, pranayam and meditation) under supervision for three months, and were compared with the control group that did not perform yoga. MRS has been designed to measure health-related quality of life of ageing women. It consists of 11 symptoms and three subscales. RESULTS: It was observed that on day 1 the scores in both the groups were comparable. On day 90, the scores in the yoga group showed a reduction in score on all the subscales, which was statistically significant. No significant difference was noted in the control group. CONCLUSION: Yoga is effective in reducing menopausal symptoms and should be considered as alternative therapy for the management of menopausal symptoms. Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2011

Abstract Title: Application of Yoga in Residential Treatment of Traumatized Youth. Abstract Source: J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2011 Aug 25. Epub 2011 Aug 25. PMID: 21868714 Abstract Author(s): Joseph Spinazzola, Alison M Rhodes, David Emerson, Ellen Earle, Kathryn Monroe Article Affiliation: The Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute, Inc., Brookline, MA. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute has adapted a form of Hatha yoga into a trauma-sensitive adjunctive component of intervention for use with complexly traumatized individuals exhibiting chronic affective and somatic dysregulation and associated behavioral, functioning, and health complaints. OBJECTIVES: This article explores the use of yoga with traumatized youth (aged 12-21 years) in residential treatment. DESIGN: A review of the literature on the somatic impact of trauma exposure provides a rationale for the use of yoga with this population and highlights an emerging evidence base in support of this practice. Case vignettes illustrate the integration of structured, gentle yoga practices into residential programming for youth with severe emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS: Anecdotal data and clinical observation underscore the promise of yoga as a viable approach to build self-regulatory capacity of traumatized youth. CONCLUSIONS: Future directions in the development and evaluation of trauma-informed yoga practices for youth are discussed. Article Published Date : Aug 25, 2011

Abstract Title: Effect of 3-Month Yoga on Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes With or Without Complications: A controlled clinical trial. Abstract Source: Diabetes Care. 2011 Aug 11. Epub 2011 Aug 11. PMID: 21836105 Abstract Author(s): Shreelaxmi V Hegde, Prabha Adhikari, Shashidhar Kotian, Veena J Pinto, Sydney D'Souza, Vivian D'Souza Article Affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Srinivas Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Abstract: OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of yoga on anthropometry, blood pressure, glycemic control, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients on standard care in comparison with standard care alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study involved 123 patients stratified according to groups with microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, and peripheral neuropathy and without complications and assigned to receive either standard care or standard care along with additional yoga for 3 months. RESULTS In comparison with standard care alone, yoga resulted in significant reduction in BMI, glycemic control, and malondialdehyde and increase in glutathione and vitamin C. There were no differences in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, vitamin E, or superoxide dismutase in the yoga group at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Yoga can be used as an effective therapy in reducing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. Yoga in addition to standard care helps reduce BMI and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Article Published Date : Aug 11, 2011

Abstract Title: The impact of yoga upon female patients suffering from hypothyroidism. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011 Aug ;17(3):132-4. Epub 2010 Dec 18. PMID: 21742277 Abstract Author(s): Poonam Singh, Bhupinder Singh, Rachna Dave, Rakhi Udainiya Article Affiliation: Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of yoga on the quality of life of female hypothyroid patients. DESIGN: The WHO Quality of Life Scale(22) was used to assess the quality of life of 20 female hypothyroid patients. Subjects attended one hour yoga sessions daily for a period of one month. A pretest-post-test research design was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Patients' quality of life scores following the yoga program were greater than scores obtained prior to undertaking yoga (p < 0.01). Patients also reported significant improvement in their perception of the overall quality of life and of their health post yoga intervention. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that yoga is valuable in helping the hypothyroid patients to manage their disease-related symptoms. Yoga may be considered as supportive or complementary therapy in conjunction with medical therapy for the treatment of hypothyroid disorder. Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2011

Abstract Title: The effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga on some physiological and biochemical parameters in mild hypertensive patients. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011 Apr-Jun;55(2):183-7. PMID: 22319901 Abstract Author(s): Vaishali V Agte, Madhavi U Jahagirdar, Kirtan V Tarwadi Article Affiliation: Vaishali V Agte Abstract: An open label intervention study was undertaken on 26 mild hypertensives and 26 apparently healthy adults (30-60 y), for the effect of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga practice for two months as complementary therapy. In the hypertensives, there was a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01), serum urea (P<0.01) and plasma MDA (malondialdehyde adducts) as oxidative stress marker (P<0.05). Other parameters; viz.; plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, did not change significantly (P>0.1). The pattern of change in most of the study parameters was such that values above normal range were lowered but values within normal range were unaltered. The action of Yoga on diastolic blood pressure, malondialdehyde adducts and kidney function in hypertensives was of counteractive nature and felt to be distinctly different than the effect of drugs. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2011

Abstract Title: The effect of add-on yogic prana energization technique (YPET) on healing of fresh fractures: a randomized control study. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2011 Mar ;17(3):253-8. Epub 2011 Mar 9. PMID: 21417810 Abstract Author(s): Pragati Oswal, Raghuram Nagarathna, John Ebnezar, Hongasandra Ramarao Nagendra Article Affiliation: Pragati Oswal Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to study the effect of the add-on yogic prana energization technique (YPET) on healing of fresh fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty (30) patients (22 men and 8 women) between 18 and 55 years with simple extra-articular fractures of long and short bones were selected from the outpatient department of Ebnezar Orthopaedic Centre and Parimala Speciality Hospital, Bengaluru. They were randomized into yoga (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Compound, complicated, pathologic fractures, old fractures, and those associated with dislocations were excluded. Both groups received the conventional plaster of paris immobilization of the fracture site as the primary treatment. The yoga group, in addition, practiced YPET twice a day (30 minutes/session) for 2 weeks using taped audio instructions after learning under supervision for 1 week. YPET is an advanced yoga relaxation practice that involves breath regulation, chanting, and visualization, which according to yogic science revitalizes the tissues by activating the subtle energies (prana) within the body. Both the groups were assessed on the 1st and 21st day by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale for pain (NRS), tenderness (0-4), swelling (0-4), fracture line density (1-4), and the bridging of cortices (1-4). RESULTS: Two (2) groups were matched on all variables. The Wilcoxon test showed significant improvement in both groups on all variables. Pain reduction (NRS) was better (p = 0.001 Mann-Whitney test) in the YPET group (94.5%) than in the control group (58.6%); Tenderness reduced (p = 0.001) better in the YPET group (94.4 %) than in the control group (69.12%); Swelling reduced by 93% in the YPET group and by 69.4% in controls (between-groups p = 0.093, i.e., nonsignificant); increase in fracture line density was better (p = 0.001) in the YPET group (48%) than in the control group (18.25%). The number of cortices united was significantly better (p = 0.001) in the YPET group (81.4%) than in controls (39.7 %). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on yoga-based YPET accelerates fracture healing. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2011

Abstract Title: Yoga therapy for developing emotional intelligence in mid-life managers. Abstract Source: J Midlife Health. 2011 Jan ;2(1):28-30. PMID: 21897736 Abstract Author(s): Tikhe Sham Ganpat, H R Nagendra Article Affiliation: Department of Yoga and Management, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA) University (Prashanti Kutiram), Bangalore, India. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Business executives' lives have become a never-ending race against time, technology, and targets. This race creates tension, which leads to dissatisfaction and frustration and eventually manifests itself as psychological and physiological stress with mental and emotional drain. This modern lifestyle intensifies the stress leading to "excessive tension" and consequent deterioration in "executive efficiency". OBJECTIVE: To assess emotional intelligent quotient (EQ) in managers undergoing yoga-based Self Management of Excessive Tension (SMET) program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 72 managers participated in this study which is of "single group pre-post design." The EQ test developed by Prof N. K. Chadha from University of Delhi was administered as pre and post the 5 days of SMET program. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Means, standard deviations, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The data analysis showed 72.02% significant increase (P<0.001) in EQ. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that participation in a SMET program was associated with improvement in EQ and may have implications for "executive efficiency." Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2011

Abstract Title: An eight-week yoga intervention is associated with improvements in pain, psychological functioning and mindfulness, and changes in cortisol levels in women with fibromyalgia. Abstract Source: J Pain Res. 2011 ;4:189-201. Epub 2011 Jul 26. PMID: 21887116 Abstract Author(s): Kathryn Curtis, Anna Osadchuk, Joel Katz Article Affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression, and hypocortisolism. To date, published studies have not investigated the effects of yoga on cortisol in FM. This pilot study used a time series design to evaluate pain, psychological variables, mindfulness, and cortisol in women with FM before and after a yoga intervention. METHODS: Participants (n = 22) were recruited from the community to participate in a 75 minute yoga class twice weekly for 8 weeks. Questionnaires concerning pain (intensity, unpleasantness, quality, sum of local areas of pain, catastrophizing, acceptance, disability), anxiety, depression, and mindfulness were administered pre-, mid- and post-intervention. Salivary cortisol samples were collected three times a day for each of two days, pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that mean± standard deviation (SD) scores improved significantly (p<0.05) from pre- to post-intervention for continuous pain (pre: 5.18± 1.72; post: 4.44 ± 2.03), pain catastrophizing (pre: 25.33 ± 14.77; post: 20.40 ± 17.01), pain acceptance (pre: 60.47 ± 23.43; post: 65.50 ± 22.93), and mindfulness (pre: 120.21 ± 21.80; post: 130.63 ± 20.82). Intention-to-treat analysis showed that median AUC for post-intervention cortisol (263.69) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than median AUC for pre-intervention levels (189.46). Mediation analysis revealed that mid-intervention mindfulness scores significantly (p<0.05) mediated the relationship between pre- and post-intervention pain catastrophizing scores. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that a yoga intervention may reduce pain and catastrophizing, increase acceptance and mindfulness, and alter total cortisol levels in women with FM. The changes in mindfulness and cortisol levels may provide preliminary evidence for mechanisms of a yoga program for women with FM. Future studies should use an RCT design with a larger sample size. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2011

Abstract Title: A pilot randomized controlled trial of the Yoga of Awareness program in the management of fibromyalgia. Abstract Source: Pain. 2010 Nov;151(2):530-9. PMID: 20946990 Abstract Author(s): James W Carson, Kimberly M Carson, Kim D Jones, Robert M Bennett, Cheryl L Wright, Scott D Mist Article Affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, Oregon Health&Science University, Portland, OR, USA. Abstract: A mounting body of literature recommends that treatment for fibromyalgia (FM) encompass medications, exercise and improvement of coping skills. However, there is a significant gap in determining an effective counterpart to pharmacotherapy that incorporates both exercise and coping. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive yoga intervention on FM symptoms and coping. A sample of 53 female FM patients were randomized to the 8-week Yoga of Awareness program (gentle poses, meditation, breathing exercises, yoga-based coping instructions, group discussions) or to wait-listed standard care. Data were analyzed by intention to treat. At post-treatment, women assigned to the yoga program showed significantly greater improvements on standardized measures of FM symptoms and functioning, including pain, fatigue, and mood, and in pain catastrophizing, acceptance, and other coping strategies. This pilot study provides promising support for the potential benefits of a yoga program for women with FM. Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2010

Abstract Title: Roles of meditation on alleviation of oxidative stress and improvement of antioxidant system. Abstract Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Nov ;93 Suppl 6:S242-54. PMID: 21280542 Abstract Author(s): Chitrawina Mahagita Article Affiliation: Chitrawina Mahagita Abstract: According to MEDLINE/Pubmed search to December 2009, the modulation effects of meditation on oxidative stress have been increasingly investigated for acute, short and long-term effects. Both invasive and noninvasive measurements have been utilized. Long-term transcendental and Zen meditators have been showed to diminish oxidative stress seen by a reduction of lipid peroxidation and biophoton emission. Glutathione level and activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) have been facilitated in Yoga and Sudarshan Kriya practitioners. One year of Tai Chi training has been reported to promote superoxide dismutase activity and lessen lipid peroxidation. Performing diaphragmatic breathing after exhaustive exercise has attenuated oxidative stress faster than control. These data suggest possible roles of meditation and meditation-based techniques on the decrease of oxidative stress which may assist to prevent and/or alleviate deterioration of related diseases. However, further research needs to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms which remain challenge to accomplish. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2010

Abstract Title: Effect of pranayama&yoga-asana on cognitive brain functions in type 2 diabetes-P3 event related evoked potential (ERP). Abstract Source: Indian J Med Res. 2010 May;131:636-40. PMID: 20516534 Abstract Author(s): Tenzin Kyizom, Savita Singh, K P Singh, O P Tandon, Rahul Kumar Article Affiliation: Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences&Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: BACKGROUND&OBJECTIVES:Electrophysiological evidence of delayed cognition as measured by P300, an evoked potential is observed in Diabetes mellitus. P300 (or P3) is a component of endogenous cerebral evoked response that assesses higher functions of the brain. Our study aims to see the role of pranayama and yoga-asana on P300 latency and amplitude in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Sixty patients of type 2 diabetes were recruited from diabetic clinic and divided into two groups - control group on only conventional medical therapy and yoga-group on conventional medical therapy along with pranayama and yoga-asana. Basal recordings of P300 and blood glucose were taken at the time of recruitment and second recordings repeated after forty five days for both the groups. P300 was recorded on Nihon Kohden Neuropack mu MEB 9100 using auditory "odd-ball paradigm". The data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test at 5 per cent level of significance. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement in the latency and the amplitude of N200, P300 was observed in the yoga group as compared to the control group. INTERPRETATION&CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that yoga has a beneficial effect on P300 and thus can be incorporated along with the conventional medical therapy for improving cognitive brain functions in diabetes. Article Published Date : May 01, 2010

Abstract Title: Yoga might be an alternative training for the quality of life and balance in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Abstract Source: Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010 Feb 18. Epub 2010 Feb 18. PMID: 20332729 Abstract Author(s): S Tüzün, I Aktas, U Akarirmak, S Sipahi, F Tüzün Article Affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Division of Osteoporosis, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey - This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Abstract: AIM: Osteoporotic vertebra and hip fractures are major causes of dysfunction, disability, mortality and impaired life quality in the ageing population. In the postmenopausal period, exercises prevent rapid bone loss and increase muscle strength, mobility and flexibility thereby decreasing the risk of falls and fractures. Yoga exercises, which have been an inseparable part of Eastern culture for hundreds of years, are now being used in the field of osteoporosis rehabilitation. Yoga has a positive effect on balance, posture, flexibility, and life quality resulting from its effects on balance, stretching, relaxation and strengthening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of yoga exercises in postmenopausal osteoporotic women on balance and life quality and to compare the results with a classic osteoporosis exercise program. METHODS: Twenty-six postmenopausal osteoporotic women over 55 years of age were included in the study. A neuromuscular test battery and the QUALEFFO as a life quality index were used for the assessment of balance and life quality, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed that yoga education has a positive effect on pain, physical functions, social functions, general health perception and balance. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, yoga appears to be an alternative physical activity for the rehabilitation of osteoporotic subjects. Article Published Date : Feb 18, 2010

Abstract Title: Yoga lifestyle intervention reduces blood pressure in HIV-infected adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Abstract Source: HIV Med. 2010 Jan 5. Epub 2010 Jan 5. PMID: 20059570 Abstract Author(s): W T Cade, D N Reeds, K E Mondy, E T Overton, J Grassino, S Tucker, C Bopp, E Laciny, S Hubert, S Lassa-Claxton, K E Yarasheski Article Affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. Abstract: Objective People living with HIV infection are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Safe and effective interventions for lowering CVD risk in HIV infection are high priorities. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate whether a yoga lifestyle intervention improves CVD risk factors, virological or immunological status, or quality of life (QOL) in HIV-infected adults relative to standard of care treatment in a matched control group. Methods Sixty HIV-infected adults with mild-moderate CVD risk were assigned to 20 weeks of supervised yoga practice or standard of care treatment. Baseline and week 20 measures were: 2-h oral glucose tolerance test with insulin monitoring, body composition, fasting serum lipid/lipoprotein profile, resting blood pressures, CD4 T-cell count and plasma HIV RNA, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF)-36 health-related QOL inventory. Results Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures improved more (P=0.04) in the yoga group (-5 +/- 2 and -3 +/- 1 mmHg, respectively) than in the standard of care group (+1 +/- 2 and+2 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively). However, there was no greater reduction in body weight, fat mass or proatherogenic lipids, or improvements in glucose tolerance or overall QOL after yoga. Immune and virological status was not adversely affected. Conclusion Among traditional lifestyle modifications, yoga is a low-cost, simple to administer, nonpharmacological, popular behavioural intervention that can lower blood pressure in pre-hypertensive HIV-infected adults with mild-moderate CVD risk factors. Article Published Date : Jan 05, 2010

Abstract Title: Post traumatic stress symptoms and heart rate variability in Bihar flood survivors following yoga: a randomized controlled study. Abstract Source: BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:18. Epub 2010 Mar 2. PMID: 20193089 Abstract Author(s): Shirley Telles, Nilkamal Singh, Meesha Joshi, Acharya Balkrishna Article Affiliation: Department of Yoga Research, Patanjali Yogpeeth, Delhi-Haridwar Highway Haridwar 249402, India. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: BACKGROUND: An earlier study showed that a week of yoga practice was useful in stress management after a natural calamity. Due to heavy rain and a rift on the banks of the Kosi river, in the state of Bihar in north India, there were floods with loss of life and property. A week of yoga practice was given to the survivors a month after the event and the effect was assessed. METHODS: Twenty-two volunteers (group average age +/- S.D, 31.5 +/- 7.5 years; all of them were males) were randomly assigned to two groups, yoga and a non-yoga wait-list control group. The yoga group practiced yoga for an hour daily while the control group continued with their routine activities. Both groups' heart rate variability, breath rate, and four symptoms of emotional distress using visual analog scales, were assessed on the first and eighth day of the program. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in sadness in the yoga group (p<0.05, paired t-test, post data compared to pre) and an increase in anxiety in the control group (p<0.05, paired t-test, post data compared to pre). CONCLUSIONS: A week of yoga can reduce feelings of sadness and possibly prevent an increase in anxiety in flood survivors a month after the calamity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2009/091/000285. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2010

Abstract Title: Application of integrated yoga therapy to increase imitation skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2010 Jan;3(1):26-30. PMID: 20948898 Abstract Author(s): Shantha Radhakrishna Article Affiliation: Sri. Ganapathi Sachchidananda (SGS) Vagdevi Centre for the Rehabilitation of Communication Impaired, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Children with autism exhibit significant deficits in imitation skills, which impede the acquisition of more complex behavior and socialization. Imitation is often targeted early in intervention plans and continues to be addressed throughout the child's treatment. The use of integrated approach to yoga therapy (IAYT) as a complementary therapy for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rarely reported and little is known on the effectiveness of such therapies. This study investigated IAYT as a treatment method with children with ASD to increase imitative skills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Parents and six children with ASD participated in a 10-month program of 5-weekly sessions and regular practice at home. Pre, mid and post treatment assessments included observers and parent ratings of children's imitation skills in tasks related to imitation skills such as gross motor actions, vocalization, complex imitation, oral facial movements and imitating breathing exercises. RESULTS: Improvement in children's imitation skills especially pointing to body, postural and oral facial movements. Parents reported change in the play pattern of these children with toys, peers and objects at home. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that IAYT may offer benefits as an effective tool to increase imitation, cognitive skills and social-communicative behaviors in children with ASD. In addition, children exhibited increased skills in eye contact, sitting tolerance, non-verbal communication and receptive skills to verbal commands related to spatial relationship. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2010

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga on quality of life of CLBP patients: A randomized control study. Abstract Source: Int J Yoga. 2010 Jan;3(1):10-7. PMID: 20948896 Abstract Author(s): Padmini Tekur, Singphow Chametcha, Ramarao Nagendra Hongasandra, Nagarathna Raghuram Article Affiliation: Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Research Foundation (SVYASA), Bangalore, India. Abstract: CONTEXT: In two of the earlier Randomized Control Trials on yoga for chronic lower back pain (CLBP), 12 to 16 weeks of intervention were found effective in reducing pain and disability. AIM: To study the efficacy of a residential short term intensive yoga program on quality of life in CLBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 80 patients with CLBP (females 37) registered for a week long treatment at SVYASA Holistic Health Centre in Bengaluru, India. They were randomized into two groups (40 each). The yoga group practiced a specific module for CLBP comprising of asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breathing practices), meditation and lectures on yoga philosophy. The control group practiced physical therapy exercises for back pain. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to measure baseline stress levels. Outcome measures were WHOQOL Bref for quality of life and straight leg raising test (SLR) using a Goniometer. RESULTS: There were significant negative correlations (Pearson's, P<0.005, r>0.30) between baseline PSS with all four domains and the total score of WHOQOLBref. All the four domains' WHOQOLBref improved in the yoga group (repeated measures ANOVA P=0.001) with significant group*time interaction (P<0.05) and differences between groups (P<0.01). SLR increased in both groups (P=0.001) with higher increase in yoga (31.1 % right, 28.4 % left) than control (18.7% right, 21.5 % left) group with significant group*time interaction (SLR right leg P=0.044). CONCLUSION: In CLBP, a negative correlation exists between stress and quality of life. Yoga increases quality of life and spinal flexibility better than physical therapy exercises. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2010

Abstract Title: Yoga practice in diabetes improves physical and psychological outcomes. Abstract Source: Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009 Dec;7(6):515-7. PMID: 19900155 Abstract Author(s): Madhu Kosuri, Gumpeny R Sridhar Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of yoga practice on clinical and psychological outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: In a 40-day yoga camp at the Institute of Yoga and Consciousness, ambulatory subjects with T2DM not having significant complications (n = 35) participated in a 40-day yoga camp, where yogic practices were overseen by trained yoga teachers. Clinical, biochemical, and psychological well-being were studied at baseline and at the end of the camp. RESULTS: At the end of the study, there was a reduction of body mass index (BMI) (26.514 +/- 3.355 to 25.771 +/- 3.40; P<0.001) and anxiety (6.20 +/- 3.72 to 4.29 +/- 4.46; P<0.05) and an improvement in total general well-being (48.6 +/- 11.13 to 52.66 +/- 52.66 +/- 12.87; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Participation of subjects with T2DM in yoga practice for 40 days resulted in reduced BMI, improved well-being, and reduced anxiety. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Cerebral blood flow changes during chanting meditation. Abstract Source: Nucl Med Commun. 2009 Dec ;30(12):956-61. PMID: 19773673 Abstract Author(s): Dharma Singh Khalsa, Daniel Amen, Chris Hanks, Nisha Money, Andrew Newberg Article Affiliation: Dharma Singh Khalsa Abstract: PURPOSE: To examine changes in brain physiology during a chanting meditation practice using cerebral blood flow single-photon emission computed tomography. METHODS: Single-photon emission computed tomography scans were acquired in 11 healthy individuals during either a resting state or meditation practice randomly performed on two separate days. Statistical parametric mapping analyses were conducted to identify significant changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between the two conditions. RESULTS: When the meditation state was compared with the baseline condition, significant rCBF increases were observed in the right temporal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus, and significant rCBF decreases were observed in the left parietotemporal and occipital gyri. CONCLUSION: The results offer evidence that this form of meditation practice is associated with changes in brain function in a way that is consistent with earlier studies of related types of meditation as well as with the positive clinical outcomes anecdotally reported by its users. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2009

Abstract Title: Yoga in female sexual functions. Abstract Source: J Sex Med. 2009 Nov 12. Epub 2009 Nov 12. PMID: 19912493 Abstract Author(s): Vikas Dhikav, Girish Karmarkar, Richa Gupta, Myank Verma, Ruchi Gupta, Supriya Gupta, Kuljeet S Anand Abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction. Yoga is a popular form of complementary and alternative therapy. It is practiced both in developing and developed countries. Female sexual dysfunctions are common and do not always get adequate clinical attention. Pharmacotherapies for treating female sexual dysfunctions are available but suffer from drawbacks such as poor compliance, low efficacy, and side effects. Many patients and yoga protagonists claim that it is useful in improving sexual functions and treating sexual disorders. Aim. To establish the effect yoga can have on female sexual functions. Methods. We recruited 40 females (age range 22-55 years, average age 34.7 +/- 8.49 years) who were enrolled in a yoga camp and were given a standardized questionnaire named Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before and after the 12 weeks session of yoga. Main Outcome Measures. FSFI scores. Results. It was found that after the completion of yoga sessions; the sexual functions scores were significantly improved (P<0.0001). The improvement occurred in all six domains of FSFI (i.e., desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain). The improvement was more in older women (age>45 years) compared with younger women (age<45 years). Conclusions. Yoga appears to be an effective method of improving all domains of sexual functions in women as studied by FSFI. Dhikav V, Karmarkar G, Gupta R, Verma M, Gupta R, Gupta S, and Anand KS. Yoga in female sexual functions. J Sex Med **;**:**-**. Article Published Date : Nov 12, 2009

Abstract Title: Yoga for chronic low back pain in a predominantly minority population: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Altern Ther Health Med. 2009 Nov-Dec;15(6):18-27. PMID: 19943573 Abstract Author(s): Robert B Saper, Karen J Sherman, Diana Cullum-Dugan, Roger B Davis, Russell S Phillips, Larry Culpepper Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest yoga may be effective for chronic low back pain; however, trials targeting minorities have not been conducted. PRIMARY STUDY OBJECTIVES: Assess the feasibility of studying yoga in a predominantly minority population with chronic low back pain. Collect preliminary data to plan a larger powered study. STUDY DESIGN: Pilot randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Two community health centers in a racially diverse neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty English-speaking adults (mean age 44 years, 83% female, 83% racial/ethnic minorities; 48% with incomes Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Benefits of yoga for African American heart failure patients. Abstract Source: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Nov 27. Epub 2009 Nov 27. PMID: 19952833 Abstract Author(s): Paula R Pullen, Walter R Thompson, Dan Benardot, L Jerome Brandon, Puja K Mehta, Luay Rifai, David S Vadnais, Janice M Parrott, Bobby V Khan Abstract: BACKGROUND:: The number of African-American (AA) patients living with heart failure (HF) has been increasing, especially among the economically disadvantaged. Yoga therapy has been found to improve physical and psychological parameters among healthy individuals but its effect in patients with HF remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of yoga therapy on cardiovascular endurance (VO2peak), flexibility, quality of life (QoL) and inflammatory markers on medically stable HF patients. METHODS:: Forty patients (38 AA, 1 Asian, 1 Caucasian) with systolic or diastolic HF were randomized to the yoga group (YG, N=21) or the control group (CG, N=19). All patients were asked to follow a home walk program. Pre- and post-measurements included a treadmill stress test to peak exertion, flexibility, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C- reactive protein (CRP), and extra cellular-super oxide dismutase (EC-SOD). QoL was assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLwHFQ). RESULTS:: The statistical analyses (assessed by ANOVA and T-tests) were significant for favorable changes in the YG, as compared to the CG, for flexibility (P=0.012), treadmill time (P=0.002), VO2peak (P=0.003), and the biomarkers (IL-6, P=0.004; CRP, P=0.016 and EC-SOD, P=0.012). Within the YG, pre- to post-test scores for the total (P=0.02) and physical sub-scales (P<0.001) of the MLwHFQ were improved. CONCLUSION:: Yoga therapy offered additional benefits to the standard medical care of predominantly AA HF patients by improving cardiovascular endurance, QoL, inflammatory markers and flexibility. Article Published Date : Nov 27, 2009

Abstract Title: Iyengar Yoga versus Enhanced Usual Care on Blood Pressure in Patients with Prehypertension to Stage I Hypertension: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Sep 4. Epub 2009 Sep 4. PMID: 19734256 Abstract Author(s): Debbie L Cohen, Leanne T Bloedon, Rand L Rothman, John T Farrar, Mary Lou Galantino, Sheri Volger, Christine Mayor, Phillipe O Szapary, Raymond R Townsend Abstract: The prevalence of prehypertension and Stage 1 hypertension continues to increase despite being amenable to non-pharmacologic interventions. Iyengar yoga (IY) has been purported to reduce blood pressure (BP) though evidence from randomized trials is lacking. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of 12 weeks of IY versus enhanced usual care (EUC) (based on individual dietary adjustment) on 24-h ambulatory BP in yoga-naïve adults with untreated prehypertension or Stage 1 hypertension. In total, 26 and 31 subjects in the IY and EUC arms, respectively, completed the study. There were no differences in BP between the groups at 6 and 12 weeks. In the EUC group, 24-h systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased by 5, 3 and 3 mmHg, respectively, from baseline at 6 weeks (P<0.05), but were no longer significant at 12 weeks. In the IY group, 24 h SBP was reduced by 6 mmHg at 12 weeks compared to baseline (P = 0.05). 24 h DBP (P<0.01) and MAP (P<0.05) decreased significantly each by 5 mmHg. No differences were observed in catecholamine or cortisol metabolism to explain the decrease in BP in the IY group at 12 weeks. Twelve weeks of IY produces clinically meaningful improvements in 24 h SBP and DBP. Larger studies are needed to establish the long term efficacy, acceptability, utility and potential mechanisms of IY to control BP. Article Published Date : Sep 04, 2009

Abstract Title: Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficacy of Iyengar yoga therapy on chronic low back pain. Abstract Source: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Sep 1;34(19):2066-76. PMID: 19701112 Abstract Author(s): Kimberly Williams, Christiaan Abildso, Lois Steinberg, Edward Doyle, Beverly Epstein, David Smith, Gerry Hobbs, Richard Gross, George Kelley, Linda Cooper Abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The effectiveness and efficacy of Iyengar yoga for chronic low back pain (CLBP) were assessed with intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. Ninety subjects were randomized to a yoga (n = 43) or control group (n = 47) receiving standard medical care. Participants were followed 6 months after completion of the intervention. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate Iyengar yoga therapy on chronic low back pain. Yoga subjects were hypothesized to report greater reductions in functional disability, pain intensity, depression, and pain medication usage than controls. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: CLBP is a musculoskeletal disorder with public health and economic impact. Pilot studies of yoga and back pain have reported significant changes in clinically important outcomes. METHODS: Subjects were recruited through self-referral and health professional referrals according to explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria. Yoga subjects participated in 24 weeks of biweekly yoga classes designed for CLBP. Outcomes were assessed at 12 (midway), 24 (immediately after), and 48 weeks (6-month follow-up) after the start of the intervention using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, a Visual Analog Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a pain medication-usage questionnaire. RESULTS: Using intention-to-treat analysis with repeated measures ANOVA (group x time), significantly greater reductions in functional disability and pain intensity were observed in the yoga group when compared to the control group at 24 weeks. A significantly greater proportion of yoga subjects also reported clinical improvements at both 12 and 24 weeks. In addition, depression was significantly lower in yoga subjects. Furthermore, while a reduction in pain medication occurred, this was comparable in both groups. When results were analyzed using per-protocol analysis, improvements were observed for all outcomes in the yoga group, including agreater trend for reduced pain medication usage. Although slightly less than at 24 weeks, the yoga group had statistically significant reductions in functional disability, pain intensity, and depression compared to standard medical care 6-months postintervention. CONCLUSION: Yoga improves functional disability, pain intensity, and depression in adults with CLBP. There was also a clinically important trend for the yoga group to reduce their pain medication usage compared to the control group. Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Effects of a yoga breath intervention alone and in combination with an exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the 2004 South-East Asia tsunami. Abstract Source: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009 Aug 19. Epub 2009 Aug 19. PMID: 19694633 Abstract Author(s): T Descilo, A Vedamurtachar, P L Gerbarg, D Nagaraja, B N Gangadhar, B Damodaran, B Adelson, L H Braslow, S Marcus, R P Brown Abstract: Descilo T, Vedamurtachar A, Gerbarg PL, Nagaraja D, Gangadhar BN, Damodaran B, Adelson B, Braslow LH, Marcus S, Brown RP. Effects of a yoga breath intervention alone and in combination with an exposure therapy for PTSD and depression in survivors of the 2004 South-East Asia tsunami.Objective: This study evaluated the effect of a yoga breath program alone and followed by a trauma reduction exposure technique on post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the 2004 Asian tsunami. Method: In this non-randomized study, 183 tsunami survivors who scored 50 or above on the Post-traumatic Checklist-17 (PCL-17) were assigned by camps to one of three groups: yoga breath intervention, yoga breath intervention followed by 3-8 h of trauma reduction exposure technique or 6-week wait list. Measures for post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL-17) and depression (BDI-21) were performed at baseline and at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed using anova and mixed effects regression. Results: The effect of treatment vs. control was significant at 6 weeks (F(2,178) = 279.616, P<0.001): mean PCL-17 declined by 42.5 +/- 10.0 SD with yoga breath, 39.2 +/- 17.2 with Yoga breath + exposure and 4.6 +/- 13.2 in the control. Conclusion: Yoga breath-based interventions may help relieve psychological distress following mass disasters. Article Published Date : Aug 19, 2009

Abstract Title: Utilization of 3-month Yoga Program for Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Aug 18. Epub 2009 Aug 18. PMID: 19690044 Abstract Author(s): Kyeongra Yang, Lisa M Bernardo, Susan M Sereika, Molly B Conroy, Judy Balk, Lora E Burke Abstract: Various modes of physical activity, combined with dieting, have been widely recommended to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. Among these, yoga holds promise for reducing risk factors for type 2 diabetes by promoting weight loss, improving glucose levels and reducing blood pressure and lipid levels. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a 12-week yoga program among adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Twenty-three adults (19 Whites and 4 non-Whites) were randomly assigned to the yoga intervention group or the educational group. The yoga group participated in a 3-month yoga intervention with sessions twice per week and the educational group received general health educational materials every 2 weeks. All participants completed questionnaires and had blood tests at baseline and at the end of 3 months. Effect sizes were reported to summarize the efficacy of the intervention. All participants assigned to the yoga intervention completed the yoga program without complication and expressed high satisfaction with the program (99.2%). Their yoga session attendance ranged from 58.3 to 100%. Compared with the education group, the yoga group experienced improvements in weight, blood pressure, insulin, triglycerides and exercise self-efficacy indicated by small to large effect sizes. This preliminary study indicates that a yoga program would be a possible risk reduction option for adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In addition, yoga holds promise as an approach to reducing cardiometabolic risk factors and increasing exercise self-efficacy for this group. Article Published Date : Aug 18, 2009

Abstract Title: Yoga ameliorates performance anxiety and mood disturbance in young professional musicians. Abstract Source: Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2009 Aug 6. PMID: 19657730 Abstract Author(s): Sat Bir S Khalsa, Stephanie M Shorter, Stephen Cope, Grace Wyshak, Elyse Sklar Abstract: Yoga and meditation can alleviate stress, anxiety, mood disturbance, and musculoskeletal problems, and can enhance cognitive and physical performance. Professional musicians experience high levels of stress, performance anxiety, and debilitating performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). The goal of this controlled study was to evaluate the benefits of yoga and meditation for musicians. Young adult professional musicians who volunteered to participate in a 2-month program of yoga and meditation were randomized to a yoga lifestyle intervention group (n = 15) or to a group practicing yoga and meditation only (n = 15). Additional musicians were recruited to a no-practice control group (n = 15). Both yoga groups attended three Kripalu Yoga or meditation classes each week. The yoga lifestyle group also experienced weekly group practice and discussion sessions as part of their more immersive treatment. All participants completed baseline and end-program self-report questionnaires that evaluated music performance anxiety, mood, PRMDs, perceived stress, and sleep quality; many participants later completed a 1-year followup assessment using the same questionnaires. Both yoga groups showed a trend towards less music performance anxiety and significantly less general anxiety/tension, depression, and anger at end-program relative to controls, but showed no changes in PRMDs, stress, or sleep. Similar results in the two yoga groups, despite psychosocial differences in their interventions, suggest that the yoga and meditation techniques themselves may have mediated the improvements. Our results suggest that yoga and meditation techniques can reduce performance anxiety and mood disturbance in young professional musicians. Article Published Date : Aug 06, 2009

Abstract Title: Protection throughout the life span: the psychoneuroimmunologic impact of Indo-Tibetan meditative and yogic practices. Abstract Source: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1172:163-71. PMID: 19735248 Abstract Author(s): Erin L Olivo Abstract: The Indo-Tibetan tradition claims that proficiency in the suggested longevity practices of meditation, diet, and physical exercise (yoga), will result in profound anti-aging, stress-mediating and health enhancing effects. Western biomedical research has begun to demonstrate that the psychobiological states induced and cultivated by cognitive behavioral practices which are emblematic of those contained within the Indo-Tibetan tradition (hypnosis, meditation, visualization, systematic relaxation), indeed do have a profound impact on the body's protective and regulatory systems. Although continued study is necessary, much of the early research illuminating the mechanisms responsible for the life-span extending and health-enhancing effects of these cognitive behavioral practices points to the importance of their anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, and antioxidant effects as well as their impact in enhancing the production of endogenous substances that possess general longevity-enhancing, regenerative properties. Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Yoga as a treatment for binge eating disorder: a preliminary study. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2009 Aug;17(4):196-202. Epub 2009 Jun 13. PMID: 19632546 Abstract Author(s): Shane McIver, Paul O'Halloran, Michael McGartland Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of a 12-week yoga program aimed at reducing binge eating severity. DESIGN: A randomised trial was undertaken assigning participants to yoga (n=45) or wait-list control (n=45) groups. Of these, 25 in each group were analysed. PARTICIPANTS: A community-based sample of women between 25 and 63 years of age who identified with diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder (BED) and a BMI>25 were recruited for the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes included the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Secondary outcomes comprised measures for BMI, hips and waist. RESULTS: For the yoga group, self-reported reductions in binge eating and increases in physical activity were statistically significant. Small yet statistically significant reductions for BMI, hips and waist measurement were obtained. The wait-list control group did not improve significantly on any measures. CONCLUSION: In conjunction with formal weekly sessions, home-based yoga programs are potentially efficacious for the treatment of binge eating.   Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Effect of slow- and fast-breathing exercises on autonomic functions in patients with essential hypertension. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Jul;15(7):711-7. PMID: 19534616 Abstract Author(s): Monika Mourya, Aarti Sood Mahajan, Narinder Pal Singh, Ajay K Jain Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Breathing exercises practiced in various forms of meditations such as yoga may influence autonomic functions. This may be the basis of therapeutic benefit to hypertensive patients. DESIGN: The study design was a randomized, prospective, controlled clinical study using three groups. SUBJECTS: The subjects comprised 60 male and female patients aged 20-60 years with stage 1 essential hypertension. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly and equally divided into the control and other two intervention groups, who were advised to do 3 months of slow-breathing and fast-breathing exercises, respectively. Baseline and postintervention recording of blood pressure (BP), autonomic function tests such as standing-to-lying ratio (S/L ratio), immediate heart rate response to standing (30:15 ratio), Valsalva ratio, heart rate variation with respiration (E/I ratio), hand-grip test, and cold pressor response were done in all subjects. RESULTS: Slow breathing had a stronger effect than fast breathing. BP decreased longitudinally over a 3-month period with both interventions. S/L ratio, 30:15 ratio, E/I ratio, and BP response in the hand grip and cold pressor test showed significant change only in patients practicing the slow-breathing exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Both types of breathing exercises benefit patients with hypertension. However, improvement in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivity may be the mechanism that is associated in those practicing the slow-breathing exercise. Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Functional and physiological effects of yoga in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Abstract Source: Altern Ther Health Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;15(4):24-31. PMID: 19623830 Abstract Author(s): Pamela R Bosch, Tinna Traustadóttir, Paul Howard, Kathleen S Matt Abstract: CONTEXT: Stress, both psychological and physiological, has been implicated as having a role in the onset and exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether neuroendocrine and physical function in women with RA can be altered through a yoga intervention. DESIGN: Exercise intervention. SETTING: University research conducted at a medical clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen independently living, postmenopausal women with an RA classification of I, II, or III according to the American College of Rheumatology functional classification system served as either participants or controls. INTERVENTION: The study group participated in three 75-minute yoga classes a week over a 10-week period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At baseline and on completion of the 10-week intervention, diurnal cortisol patterns and resting heart rate were measured. Balance was measured using the Berg Balance Test. Participants completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HIQ), a visual analog pain scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: Yoga resulted in a significantly decreased HAQ disability index, decreased perception of pain and depression, and improved balance. Yoga did not result in a significant change in awakening or diurnal cortisol patterns (P = .12). Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Positive impact of cyclic meditation on subsequent sleep. Abstract Source: Med Sci Monit. 2009 Jul;15(7):CR375-81. PMID: 19564829 Abstract Author(s): Sanjib Patra, Shirley Telles Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cyclic meditation (CM) is a technique that combines yoga postures interspersed with supine rest. This combination is based on ancient texts and is considered easier for beginners to practice. MATERIAL/METHODS: Whole-night polysomnographic measures and the self-rating of sleep were studied on the night following a day in which 30 male participants practiced CM twice (ca. 23 minutes each time). This was compared with another night when they had had two sessions of supine rest (SR) of equal duration on the preceding day. The sessions were one day apart and the order of the sessions was randomized. Recordings were from the F4, C4, and O2 electrode sites referenced to linked earlobes and bipolar electroculography and electromyography sites. RESULTS: In the night following CM, the percentage of slow-wave sleep (SWS) was significantly higher than in the night following SR, whereas the percentage of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and the number of awakenings per hour were less. Following CM the self-rating of sleep based on visual analog scales showed an increase in the feeling that the sleep was refreshing, an increase in feeling "good" in the morning, an overall increase in sleep duration, and decreases in the degree to which sleep was influenced by being in a laboratory as well as any associated discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Practicing cyclic meditation twice a day appeared to improve the objective and subjective quality of sleep on the following night. Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2009

Abstract Title: The effects of mindfulness-based yoga during pregnancy on maternal psychological and physical distress. Abstract Source: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2009 May-Jun;38(3):310-9. PMID: 19538619 Abstract Author(s): Amy E Beddoe, Chin-Po Paul Yang, Holly Powell Kennedy, Sandra J Weiss, Kathryn A Lee Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility and level of acceptability of a mindful yoga intervention provided during pregnancy and to gather preliminary data on the efficacy of the intervention in reducing distress. DESIGN: Baseline and post-treatment measures examined state and trait anxiety, perceived stress, pain, and morning salivary cortisol in a single treatment group. Postintervention data also included participant evaluation of the intervention. SETTING: The 7 weeks mindfulness-based yoga group intervention combined elements of Iyengar yoga and mindfulness-based stress reduction. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen healthy pregnant nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies between 12 and 32 weeks gestation at the time of enrollment. METHODS: Outcomes were evaluated from pre- to postintervention and between second and third trimesters with repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Women practicing mindful yoga in their second trimester reported significant reductions in physical pain from baseline to postintervention compared with women in the third trimester whose pain increased. Women in their third trimester showed greater reductions in perceived stress and trait anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence supports yoga's potential efficacy in these areas, particularly if started early in the pregnancy. Article Published Date : May 01, 2009

Abstract Title: A study of the effect of yoga training on pulmonary functions in patients with bronchial asthma. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Apr-Jun;53(2):169-74. PMID: 20112821 Abstract Author(s): Candy Sodhi, Sheena Singh, P K Dandona Article Affiliation: Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana - 141 007. Abstract: The role of yoga breathing exercises, as an adjunct treatment for bronchial asthma is well recognized. One hundred twenty patients of asthma were randomized into two groups i.e Group A (yoga training group) and Group B (control group). Each group included sixty patients. Pulmonary function tests were performed on all the patients at baseline, after 4 weeks and then after 8 weeks. Majority of the subjects in the two groups had mild disease (34 patients in Group A and 32 in Group B). Group A subjects showed a statistically significant increasing trend (P<0.01) in % predicted peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced mid expiratory flow in 0.25-0.75 seconds (FEF25-75) and FEV1/FVC% ratio at 4 weeks and 8 weeks as compared to Group B. Thus, yoga breathing exercises used adjunctively with standard pharmacological treatment significantly improves pulmonary functions in patients with bronchial asthma. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2009

Abstract Title: Effects of a yoga program on cortisol rhythm and mood states in early breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Integr Cancer Ther. 2009 Mar;8(1):37-46. Epub 2009 Feb 3. PMID: 19190034 Abstract Author(s): H S Vadiraja, Rao M Raghavendra, Raghuram Nagarathna, H R Nagendra, M Rekha, N Vanitha, K S Gopinath, B S Srinath, M S Vishweshwara, Y S Madhavi, B S Ajaikumar, Bilimagga S Ramesh, Rao Nalini, Vinod Kumar Abstract: Objectives. This study compares the effects of an integrated yoga program with brief supportive therapy in breast cancer outpatients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy at a cancer center. METHODS: Eighty-eight stage II and III breast cancer outpatients are randomly assigned to receive yoga (n = 44) or brief supportive therapy (n = 44) prior to radiotherapy treatment. Assessments include diurnal salivary cortisol levels 3 days before and after radiotherapy and self-ratings of anxiety, depression, and stress collected before and after 6 weeks of radiotherapy. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance reveals significant decreases in anxiety (P<.001), depression (P = .002), perceived stress (P<.001), 6 a.m. salivary cortisol (P = .009), and pooled mean cortisol (P = .03) in the yoga group compared with controls. There is a significant positive correlation between morning salivary cortisol level and anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: Yoga might have a role in managing self-reported psychological distress and modulating circadian patterns of stress hormones in early breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy. Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Yoga therapy decreases dyspnea-related distress and improves functional performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Mar;15(3):225-34. PMID: 19249998 Abstract Author(s): DorAnne Donesky-Cuenco, Huong Q Nguyen, Steven Paul, Virginia Carrieri-Kohlman Abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been limited study of yoga training as a complementary exercise strategy to manage the symptom of dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate a yoga program for its safety, feasibility, and efficacy for decreasing dyspnea intensity (DI) and dyspnea-related distress (DD) in older adults with COPD. METHODS: Clinically stable patients with COPD (n = 29; age 69.9 +/- 9.5; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) 47.7 +/- 15.6% predicted; female = 21) were randomized to a 12-week yoga program specifically designed for people with COPD or usual-care control (UC). The twice-weekly yoga program included asanas (yoga postures) and visama vritti pranayama (timed breathing). Safety measure outcomes included heart rate, oxygen saturation, dyspnea, and pain. Feasibility was measured by patient-reported enjoyment, difficulty, and adherence to yoga sessions. At baseline and at 12 weeks, DI and DD were measured during incremental cycle ergometry and a 6-minute walk (6MW) test. Secondary efficacy outcomes included physical performance, psychologic well-being, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: Yoga training was safe and feasible for patients with COPD. While yoga training had only small effects on DI after the 6MW test (effect size [ES], 0.20; p = 0.60), there were greater reductions in DD in the yoga group compared to UC (ES, 0.67; p = 0.08). Yoga training also improved 6MW distance (+71.7 +/- 21.8 feet versus -27.6 +/- 36.2 feet; ES = 0.78, p = 0.04) and self-reported functional performance (ES = 0.79, p = 0.04) compared to UC. There were small positive changes in muscle strength and HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with COPD participated safely in a 12-week yoga program especially designed for patients with this chronic illness. After the program, the subjects tolerated more activity with less DD and improved their functional performance. These findings need to be confirmed in a larger, more sufficiently powered efficacy study. Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga-nidra on blood glucose level in diabetic patients. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Jan-Mar;53(1):97-101. PMID: 19810584 Abstract Author(s): S Amita, S Prabhakar, I Manoj, S Harminder, T Pavan Abstract: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, which has become a major health challenge worldwide. South East Asian countries have a highest burden of diabetes. In India the prevalence of diabetes is rising rapidly especially in the urban population because of increasing obesity and reduced physical activity. An objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Yoga-Nidra on blood glucose level in diabetic patients. This study was conducted on 41, middle aged, type-2 diabetic patients, who were on oral hypoglycaemic. These patients were divided in to two groups: (a) 20 patients on oral hypoglycaemic with yoga-nidra, and (b) 21 were on oral hypoglycaemic alone. Yoga-nidra practiced for 30 minutes daily up to 90 days, parameters were recorded every. 30th day. Results of this study showed that most of the symptoms were subsided (P<0.004, significant), and fall of mean blood glucose level was significant after 3-month of Yoga-nidra. This fall was 21.3 mg/dl, P<0.0007, (from 159 +/- 12.27 to 137.7 +/- 23.15,) in fasting and 17.95 mg/dl, P = 0.02, (from 255.45 +/- 16.85 to 237.5 +/- 30.54) in post prandial glucose level. Results of this study suggest that subjects on Yoga-nidra with drug regimen had better control in their fluctuating blood glucose and symptoms associated with diabetes, compared to those were on oral hypoglycaemics alone. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Effect of two yoga-based relaxation techniques on memory scores and state anxiety. Abstract Source: Biopsychosoc Med. 2009;3:8. Epub 2009 Aug 13. PMID: 19674483 Abstract Author(s): Pailoor Subramanya, Shirley Telles Abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A yoga practice involving cycles of yoga postures and supine rest (called cyclic meditation) was previously shown to improve performance in attention tasks more than relaxation in the corpse posture (shavasana). This was ascribed to reduced anxiety, though this was not assessed. METHODS: In fifty-seven male volunteers (group average age +/- S.D., 26.6 +/- 4.5 years) the immediate effect of two yoga relaxation techniques was studied on memory and state anxiety. All participants were assessed before and after (i) Cyclic meditation (CM) practiced for 22:30 minutes on one day and (ii) an equal duration of Supine rest (SR) or the corpse posture (shavasana), on another day. Sections of the Wechsler memory scale (WMS) were used to assess; (i) attention and concentration (digit span forward and backward), and (ii) associate learning. State anxiety was assessed using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the scores of all sections of the WMS studied after both CM and SR, but, the magnitude of change was more after CM compared to after SR. The state anxiety scores decreased after both CM and SR, with a greater magnitude of decrease after CM. There was no correlation between percentage change in memory scores and state anxiety for either session. CONCLUSION: A cyclical combination of yoga postures and supine rest in CM improved memory scores immediately after the practice and decreased state anxiety more than rest in a classical yoga relaxation posture (shavasana). Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Effect of Raja yoga meditation on the lipid profile of post-menopausal women. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008 Oct-Dec;52(4):420-4. PMID: 19585761 Abstract Author(s): Rashmi Vyas, Kanti V Raval, Nirupama Dikshit Abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is an important cause of death and disability among older women. Modification in lipid profile lowers the risk of coronary artery disease. It is claimed that yoga and transcendental meditation have a cholesterol lowering effect. This study was designed to assess the effect of raja yoga meditation of Brahmakumaris which is very simple to practice, on serum lipids in normal Indian women. METHODS AND RESULTS: 49 normal female volunteers were the subjects. They were divided into pre-menopausal (n=23) and post-menopausal (n=26) groups. They were further divided into non-meditators (who had never done any kind of meditation), short-term meditators (meditating for 6 months to 5 years) and long-term meditators (meditating for more than 5 years). Lipid profile was assessed using their respective reagent sets. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in nonmeditators were significantly more in post-menopausal women as compared to pre-menopausal women. Serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly lowered in both short and long term meditators as compared to non-meditators in post-menopausal women. No significant difference was observed in lipid profile in pre-menopausal women. CONCLUSION: Raja yoga meditation lowered serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in post-menopausal women thus reducing the risk of coronary artery disease in them. Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2008

Abstract Title: Yoga decreases kyphosis in senior women and men with adult-onset hyperkyphosis: results of a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Zhong Yao Cai. 2008 Oct;31(10):1514-8. PMID: 19682114 Abstract Author(s): Gail A Greendale, Mei-Hua Huang, Arun S Karlamangla, Leanne Seeger, Sybil Crawford Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether a specifically designed yoga intervention can reduce hyperkyphosis. DESIGN: A 6-month, two-group, randomized, controlled, single-masked trial. SETTING: Community research unit. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eighteen women and men aged 60 and older with a kyphosis angle of 40 degrees or greater. Major exclusions were serious medical comorbidity, use of assistive device, inability to hear or see adequately for participation, and inability to pass a physical safety screen. INTERVENTION: The active treatment group attended hour-long yoga classes 3 days per week for 24 weeks. The control group attended a monthly luncheon and seminar and received mailings. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were change (baseline to 6 months) in Debrunner kyphometer-assessed kyphosis angle, standing height, timed chair stands, functional reach, and walking speed. Secondary outcomes were change in kyphosis index, flexicurve kyphosis angle, Rancho Bernardo Blocks posture assessment, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). RESULTS: Compared with control participants, participants randomized to yoga experienced a 4.4% improvement in flexicurve kyphosis angle (P=.006) and a 5% improvement in kyphosis index (P=.004). The intervention did not result in statistically significant improvement in Debrunner kyphometer angle, measured physical performance, or self-assessed HRQOL (each P>.1). CONCLUSION: The decrease in flexicurve kyphosis angle in the yoga treatment group shows that hyperkyphosis is remediable, a critical first step in the pathway to treating or preventing this condition. Larger, more-definitive studies of yoga or other interventions for hyperkyphosis should be considered. Targeting individuals with more-malleable spines and using longitudinally precise measures of kyphosis could strengthen the treatment effect. Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2008

Abstract Title: Effects of yoga and the addition of Tui Na in patients with fibromyalgia. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Dec;13(10):1107-13. PMID: 18166122 Abstract Author(s): Gerson D da Silva, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho, Lais V Lage Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify whether techniques of yoga with and without the addition of Tui Na might improve pain and the negative impact of fibromyalgia (FMS) on patients' daily life. DESIGN: Forty (40) FMS women were randomized into two groups, Relaxing Yoga (RY) and Relaxing Yoga plus Touch (RYT), for eight weekly sessions of stretching, breathing, and relaxing yogic techniques. RYT patients were further submitted to manipulative techniques of Tui Na. OUTCOME MEASURE: Outcome measures comprised the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), pain threshold at the 18 FMS tender points, and a verbal graduation of pain assessed before treatment and on the followup. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain was assessed before and after each session and on the follow-up. RESULTS: Seventeen (17) RYT and 16 RY patients completed the study. Both RY and RYT groups showed improvement in the FIQ and VAS scores, which decreased on all sessions. The RYT group showed lower VAS and verbal scores for pain on the eighth session, but this difference was not maintained on the follow-up. Conversely, RY VAS and verbal scores were significantly lower just on the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These study results showed that yogic techniques are valid therapeutic methods for FMS. Touch addition yielded greater improvement during the treatment. Over time, however, RY patients reported less pain than RYT. These results suggest that a passive therapy may possibly decrease control over FMS symptoms. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2007

Abstract Title: Yoga in premature ejaculation: a comparative trial with fluoxetine. Abstract Source: J Sex Med. 2007 Nov;4(6):1726-32. Epub 2007 Sep 21. PMID: 17888067 Abstract Author(s): Vikas Dhikav, Girish Karmarkar, Mallika Gupta, Kuljeet Singh Anand Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Yoga is a popular form of complementary and alternative treatment. It is practiced both in developing and developed countries. Use of yoga for various bodily ailments is recommended in ancient ayvurvedic (ayus = life, veda = knowledge) texts and is being increasingly investigated scientifically. Many patients and yoga protagonists claim that it is useful in sexual disorders. We are interested in knowing if it works for patients with premature ejaculation (PE) and in comparing its efficacy with fluoxetine, a known treatment option for PE. AIM: To know if yoga could be tried as a treatment option in PE and to compare it with fluoxetine. METHODS: A total of 68 patients (38 yoga group; 30 fluoxetine group) attending the outpatient department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital were enrolled in the present study. Both subjective and objective assessment tools were administered to evaluate the efficacy of the yoga and fluoxetine in PE. Three patients dropped out of the study citing their inability to cope up with the yoga schedule as the reason. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Intravaginal ejaculatory latencies in yoga group and fluoxetine control groups. RESULTS: We found that all 38 patients (25-65.7% = good, 13-34.2% = fair) belonging to yoga and 25 out of 30 of the fluoxetine group (82.3%) had statistically significant improvement in PE. CONCLUSIONS: Yoga appears to be a feasible, safe, effective and acceptable nonpharmacological option for PE. More studies involving larger patients could be carried out to establish its utility in this condition. Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2007

Abstract Title: Concentrative meditation enhances preattentive processing: a mismatch negativity study. Abstract Source: Neuroreport. 2007 Oct 29 ;18(16):1709-12. PMID: 17921873 Abstract Author(s): Narayanan Srinivasan, Shruti Baijal Article Affiliation: Narayanan Srinivasan Abstract: The mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm that is an indicator of preattentive processing was used to study the effects of concentrative meditation. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga meditation is a yogic exercise practiced in an ordered sequence beginning with breathing exercises, and ending with concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditation. Auditory MMN waveforms were recorded at the beginning and after each of these practices for meditators, and equivalently after relaxation sessions for the nonmeditators. Overall meditators were found to have larger MMN amplitudes than nonmeditators. The meditators also exhibited significantly increased MMN amplitudes immediately after meditation suggesting transient state changes owing to meditation. The results indicate that concentrative meditation practice enhances preattentive perceptual processes, enabling better change detection in auditory sensory memory. Article Published Date : Oct 28, 2007

Abstract Title: Effectiveness of yoga therapy in the treatment of migraine without aura: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Headache. 2007 May;47(5):654-61. PMID: 17501846 Abstract Author(s): P J John, Neha Sharma, Chandra M Sharma, Arvind Kankane Abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have explored the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of migraine but there is no documented investigation of the effectiveness of yoga therapy for migraine management. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effectiveness of holistic approach of yoga therapy for migraine treatment compared to self-care. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with migraine without aura were randomly assigned to yoga therapy or self-care group for 3 months. Primary outcomes were headache frequency (headache diary), severity of migraine (0-10 numerical scale) and pain component (McGill pain questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were anxiety and depression (Hospital anxiety depression scale), medication score. RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline values, the subjects' complaints related to headache intensity (P<.001), frequency (P<.001), pain rating index (P<.001), affective pain rating index (P<.001), total pain rating index (P<.001), anxiety and depression scores (P<.001), symptomatic medication use (P<.001) were significantly lower in the yoga group compared to the self-care group. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a significant reduction in migraine headache frequency and associated clinical features, in patients treated with yoga over a period of 3 months. Further study of this therapeutic intervention appears to be warranted. Article Published Date : May 01, 2007

Abstract Title: Wellness through a comprehensive yogic breathing program - a controlled pilot trial. Abstract Source: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 ;7:43. Epub 2007 Dec 19. PMID: 18093307 Abstract Author(s): Anette Kjellgren, Sven A Bood, Kajsa Axelsson, Torsten Norlander, Fahri Saatcioglu Article Affiliation: Anette Kjellgren Abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing rates of psychosocial disturbances give rise to increased risks and vulnerability for a wide variety of stress-related chronic pain and other illnesses. Relaxation exercises aim at reducing stress and thereby help prevent these unwanted outcomes. One of the widely used relaxation practices is yoga and yogic breathing exercises. One specific form of these exercises is Sudarshan Kriya and related practices (SK&P) which are understood to have favourable effects on the mind-body system. The goal of this pilot study was to design a protocol that can investigate whether SK&P can lead to increased feeling of wellness in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Participants were recruited in a small university city in Sweden and were instructed in a 6-day intensive program of SK&P which they practiced daily for six weeks. The control group was instructed to relax in an armchair each day during the same period. Subjects included a total of 103 adults, 55 in the intervention (SK&P) group and 48 in the control group. Various instruments were administered before and after the intervention. Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale measured the degree of anxiety and depression, Life Orientation Test measured dispositional optimism, Stress and Energy Test measured individual's energy and stress experiences. Experienced Deviation from Normal State measured the experience of altered state of consciousness. RESULTS: There were no safety issues. Compliance was high (only 1 dropout in the SK&P group, and 5 in the control group). Outcome measures appeared to be appropriate for assessing the differences between the groups. Subjective reports generally correlated with the findings from the instruments. The data suggest that participants in the SK&P group, but not the control group, lowered their degree of anxiety, depression and stress, and also increased their degree of optimism (ANOVA; p<0.001). The participants in the yoga group experienced the practices as a positive event that induced beneficial effects. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the experimental protocol that is developed here is safe, compliance level is good, and a full scale trial is feasible. The data obtained suggest that adult participants may improve their wellness by learning and applying a program based on yoga and yogic breathing exercises; this can be conclusively assessed in a large-scale trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN012607000175471. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2006

Abstract Title: A study of yoga as a nursing intervention in the care of patients with pleural effusion. Abstract Source: Fitoterapia. 2006 Sep;77(6):446-8. Epub 2006 May 24. PMID: 6562134 Abstract Author(s): M Prakasamma, A Bhaduri Abstract: 'Pranayama' or yogic breathing as a method of re-expansion of lungs in patients with pleural effusion was studied. Ten patients with pleural effusion practised alternate nostril breathing for 20 days after aspiration of fluid. An equal number matched for age and smoking habits underwent routine physiotherapy of the hospital for the same period. Lung function was measured: before aspiration; immediately after aspiration; and, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after aspiration. The FVC, FEV1, MVV, PEFR, CE and RS, were used to measure lung function. The difference between the two groups in the gain in lung expansion as assessed by the above measures was tested for significance with appropriate nonparametric statistical tests at 0.1 level of significance. The results revealed that the patients practising Pranayama demonstrated a quicker re-expansion of the lungs in most of the measures of lung function. The findings are discussed in relation to implications for nursing care. Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2006

Abstract Title: Antidepressant efficacy and hormonal effects of Sudarshana Kriya Yoga (SKY) in alcohol dependent individuals. Abstract Source: J Affect Disord. 2006 Aug;94(1-3):249-53. Epub 2006 Jun 5. PMID: 16740317 Abstract Author(s): A Vedamurthachar, Nimmagadda Janakiramaiah, Jayaram M Hegde, Taranath K Shetty, D K Subbakrishna, S V Sureshbabu, B N Gangadhar Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sudarshana Kriya Yoga (SKY) has demonstrable antidepressant effects. SKY was tested for this effect in inpatients of alcohol dependence. METHODS: Following a week of detoxification management consenting subjects (n=60) were equally randomized to receive SKY therapy or not (controls) for a two-week study. SKY therapy included alternate day practice of specified breathing exercise under supervision of a trained therapist. Subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) before and after the two weeks of this intervention. Morning plasma cortisol, ACTH and prolactin too were measured before and at the end of two weeks. RESULTS: In both groups reductions in BDI scores occurred but significantly more so in SKY group. Likewise, in both groups plasma cortisol as well as ACTH fell after two weeks but significantly more so in SKY group. Reduction in BDI scores correlated with that in cortisol in SKY but not in control group. LIMITATIONS: Antidepressant effects of SKY were demonstrated in early abstinence that also had substantial spontaneous improvement. It is not known if this effect contributes to sustained abstinence. CONCLUSION: Results extend the antidepressant effects of SKY in alcohol dependence subjects. Reduction in stress-hormone levels (cortisol and ACTH) along with BDI reductions possibly support a biological mechanism of SKY in producing beneficial effects. Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2006

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga on self-rated visual discomfort in computer users. Abstract Source: Head Face Med. 2006;2:46. Epub 2006 Dec 3. PMID: 17140457 Abstract Author(s): Shirley Telles, K V Naveen, Manoj Dash, Rajendra Deginal, N K Manjunath Article Affiliation: Swami Vivekananda Yoga Research Foundation, Nagar, Bangalore, India. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: BACKGROUND: 'Dry eye' appears to be the main contributor to the symptoms of computer vision syndrome. Regular breaks and the use of artificial tears or certain eye drops are some of the options to reduce visual discomfort. A combination of yoga practices have been shown to reduce visual strain in persons with progressive myopia. The present randomized controlled trial was planned to evaluate the effect of a combination of yoga practices on self-rated symptoms of visual discomfort in professional computer users in Bangalore. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety one professional computer users were randomly assigned to two groups, yoga (YG, n = 146) and wait list control (WL, n = 145). Both groups were assessed at baseline and after sixty days for self-rated visual discomfort using a standard questionnaire. During these 60 days the YG group practiced an hour of yoga daily for five days in a week and the WL group did their usual recreational activities also for an hour daily for the same duration. At 60 days there were 62 in the YG group and 55 in the WL group. RESULTS: While the scores for visual discomfort of both groups were comparable at baseline, after 60 days there was a significantly decreased score in the YG group, whereas the WL group showed significantly increased scores. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the yoga practice appeared to reduce visual discomfort, while the group who had no yoga intervention (WL) showed an increase in discomfort at the end of sixty days. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2006

Abstract Title: Rapid stress reduction and anxiolysis among distressed women as a consequence of a three-month intensive yoga program. Abstract Source: Med Sci Monit. 2005 Dec;11(12):CR555-561. Epub 2005 Nov 24. PMID: 16319785 Abstract Author(s): Andreas Michalsen, Paul Grossman, Ayhan Acil, Jost Langhorst, Rainer Lüdtke, Tobias Esch, George B Stefano, Gustav J Dobos Abstract: BACKGROUND: Emotional distress is an increasing public health problem and Hatha yoga has been claimed to induce stress reduction and empowerment in practicing subjects. We aimed to evaluate potential effects of Iyengar Hatha yoga on perceived stress and associated psychological outcomes in mentally distressed women. MATERIAL/METHODS: A controlled prospective non-randomized study was conducted in 24 self-referred female subjects (mean age 37.9+/-7.3 years) who perceived themselves as emotionally distressed. Subjects were offered participation in one of two subsequential 3-months yoga programs. Group 1 (n=16) participated in the first class, group 2 (n=8) served as a waiting list control. During the yoga course, subjects attended two-weekly 90-min Iyengar yoga classes. Outcome was assessed on entry and after 3 months by Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States, CESD-Depression Scale, Bf-S/Bf-S' Well-Being Scales, Freiburg Complaint List and ratings of physical well-being. Salivary cortisol levels were measured before and after an evening yoga class in a second sample. RESULTS: Compared to waiting-list, women who participated in the yoga-training demonstrated pronounced and significant improvements in perceived stress (P<0.02), State and Trait Anxiety (P<0.02 and P<0.01, respectively), well-being (P<0.01), vigor (P<0.02), fatigue (P<0.02) and depression (P<0.05). Physical well-being also increased (P<0.01), and those subjects suffering from headache or back pain reported marked pain relief. Salivary cortisol decreased significantly after participation in a yoga class (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Women suffering from mental distress participating in a 3-month Iyengar yoga class show significant improvements on measures of stress and psychological outcomes. Further investigation of yoga with respect to prevention and treatment of stress-related disease and of underlying mechanism is warranted. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2005

Abstract Title: Sudarshan Kriya Yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression. Part II--clinical applications and guidelines. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Aug ;11(4):711-7. PMID: 16131297 Abstract Author(s): Richard P Brown, Patricia L Gerbarg Article Affiliation: Richard P Brown Abstract: Yogic breathing is a unique method for balancing the autonomic nervous system and influencing psychologic and stress-related disorders. Part I of this series presented a neurophysiologic theory of the effects of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY). Part II will review clinical studies, our own clinical observations, and guidelines for the safe and effective use of yoga breath techniques in a wide range of clinical conditions. Although more clinical studies are needed to document the benefits of programs that combine pranayama (yogic breathing) asanas (yoga postures), and meditation, there is sufficient evidence to consider Sudarshan Kriya Yoga to be a beneficial, low-risk, low-cost adjunct to the treatment of stress, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, stress-related medical illnesses, substance abuse, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders. SKY has been used as a public health intervention to alleviate PTSD in survivors of mass disasters. Yoga techniques enhance well-being, mood, attention, mental focus, and stress tolerance. Proper training by a skilled teacher and a 30-minute practice every day will maximize the benefits. Health care providers play a crucial role in encouraging patients to maintain their yoga practices. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2005

Abstract Title: Sudarshan Kriya yogic breathing in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and depression: part I-neurophysiologic model. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Feb ;11(1):189-201. PMID: 15750381 Abstract Author(s): Richard P Brown, Patricia L Gerbarg Article Affiliation: Richard P Brown Abstract: Mind-body interventions are beneficial in stress-related mental and physical disorders. Current research is finding associations between emotional disorders and vagal tone as indicated by heart rate variability. A neurophysiologic model of yogic breathing proposes to integrate research on yoga with polyvagal theory, vagal stimulation, hyperventilation, and clinical observations. Yogic breathing is a unique method for balancing the autonomic nervous system and influencing psychologic and stress-related disorders. Many studies demonstrate effects of yogic breathing on brain function and physiologic parameters, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. Sudarshan Kriya yoga (SKY), a sequence of specific breathing techniques (ujjayi, bhastrika, and Sudarshan Kriya) can alleviate anxiety, depression, everyday stress, post-traumatic stress, and stress-related medical illnesses. Mechanisms contributing to a state of calm alertness include increased parasympathetic drive, calming of stress response systems, neuroendocrine release of hormones, and thalamic generators. This model has heuristic value, research implications, and clinical applications. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2005

Abstract Title: Sudarshan Kriya practitioners exhibit better antioxidant status and lower blood lactate levels. Abstract Source: Biol Psychol. 2003 Jul ;63(3):281-91. PMID: 12853172 Abstract Author(s): Himani Sharma, Sudip Sen, Archna Singh, Narendra Kumar Bhardwaj, Vinod Kochupillai, Neeta Singh Article Affiliation: Himani Sharma Abstract: Oxidative stress may contribute to the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases. Since psychosocial stress increases oxidative stress, we conducted an exploratory study to investigate the effects of stress reduction with the Sudarshan Kriya (SK) program, on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione and blood lactate levels in practitioners and non-practitioners of SK. Blood samples of ten practitioners of SK and 14 non-practitioners of any formal stress management technique were analyzed for SOD, catalase, glutathione and lactate levels. Differences between groups and subgroups were analyzed by t-test and correlations between variables compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Significantly lower levels of blood lactate (P=3.118e-10) and higher levels of SOD (P=0.0001415), glutathione (P=2.038e-06) and catalase (P=0.001565) were found in practitioners as compared to non-practitioners of SK, thereby suggesting that lower levels of blood lactate and better antioxidant status in practitioners are associated with regular practice of SK technique. However, this study needs to be conducted on a larger sample size to confirm this effect. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2003

Abstract Title: Effects of yoga program on quality of life and affect in early breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Cutis. 2003 May;71(5):414-6. PMID: 19942107 Abstract Author(s): H S Vadiraja, M Raghavendra Rao, Raghuram Nagarathna, H R Nagendra, M Rekha, N Vanitha, K S Gopinath, B S Srinath, M S Vishweshwara, Y S Madhavi, B S Ajaikumar, S Ramesh Bilimagga, Nalini Rao Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study compares the effects of an integrated yoga program with brief supportive therapy in breast cancer outpatients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy at a cancer centre. METHODS: Eighty-eight stage II and III breast cancer outpatients were randomly assigned to receive yoga (n = 44) or brief supportive therapy (n = 44) prior to their radiotherapy treatment. Intervention consisted of yoga sessions lasting 60 min daily while the control group was imparted supportive therapy once in 10 days. Assessments included European Organization for Research in the Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life (EORTCQoL C30) functional scales and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Assessments were done at baseline and after 6 weeks of radiotherapy treatment. RESULTS: An intention to treat GLM repeated measures ANOVA showed significant difference across groups over time for positive affect, negative affect and emotional function and social function. There was significant improvement in positive affect (ES = 0.59, p = 0.007, 95%CI 1.25 to 7.8), emotional function (ES = 0.71, p = 0.001, 95%CI 6.45 to 25.33) and cognitive function (ES = 0.48, p = 0.03, 95%CI 1.2 to 18.5), and decrease in negative affect (ES = 0.84, p<0.001, 95%CI -13.4 to -4.4) in the yoga group as compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between positive affect with role function, social function and global quality of life. There was a significant negative correlation between negative affect with physical function, role function, emotional function and social function. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a possible role for yoga to improve quality of life and affect in breast cancer outpatients. Article Published Date : May 01, 2003

Abstract Title: Hatha Yoga therapy management of urologic disorders. Abstract Source: World J Urol. 2002 Nov;20(5):306-9. Epub 2002 Oct 24. PMID: 12522587 Abstract Author(s): Emmey Ripoll, Dawn Mahowald Abstract: Hatha Yoga (often referred to as "yoga") is an ancient type of physical and mental exercise that has been used as a therapeutic modality in traditional Indian medicine for centuries. Yoga as a complementary modality in western medicine is more recent and continues to grow. Chronic urologic disorders are often difficult to diagnose because their presentation mimic other medical conditions and are often a diagnosis of exclusion. Treatment is also frustrating because the more traditional treatments are often unsuccessful in managing chronic disorders. Health care practitioners are often forced to look elsewhere for other modalities to provide pain relief and improve quality of life. Hatha Yoga is one of these modalities which has been extremely useful to many patients in reducing the suffering seen with chronic urologic conditions such as: prostatodynia, chronic orchitis, chronic epididymitis, vulvodynia, interstitial cystitis, etc. Article Published Date : Nov 01, 2002

Abstract Title: Role of yoga in modifying certain cardiovascular functions in type 2 diabetic patients. Abstract Source: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;26(5):855-60. PMID: 15636309 Abstract Author(s): Savita Singh, V Malhotra, K P Singh, S V Madhu, O P Tandon Abstract: OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the effect of forty days of Yogic exercises on cardiac functions in Type 2 Diabetics. 2. To study the effect of forty days of Yogic exercises on blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin. METHODS: The present study done in twenty-four Type 2 DM cases provides metabolic and clinical evidence of improvement in glycaemic control and autonomic functions. These middle-aged subjects were type II diabetics on antihyperglycaemic and dietary regimen. Their baseline fasting and postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated Hb were monitored along with autonomic function studies. The expert gave these patients training in yoga asanas and they pursued those 30-40 min/day for 40 days under guidance. These asanas consisted of 13 well known postures, done in a sequence. After 40 days of yoga asanas regimen, the parameters were repeated. RESULTS: The results indicate that there was significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels from basal 190.08 +/- 18.54 in mg/dl to 141.5 +/- 16.3 in mg/dl after yoga regimen. The post prandial blood glucose levels decreased from 276.54 +/- 20.62 in mg/dl to 201.75 +/- 21.24 in mg/dl, glycosylated hemoglobin showed a decrease from 9.03 +/- 0.29% to 7.83 +/- 0.53% after yoga regimen. The pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (from 86.45 +/- 2.0 to 77.65 +/- 2.5 pulse/min, from 142.0 +/- 3.9 to 126.0 +/- 3.2 mm of Hg and from 86.7 +/- 2.5 mm of Hg to 75.5 +/- 2.1 mm of Hg after yoga regimen respectively). Corrected QT interval (QTc) decreased from 0.42 +/- 0.0 to 0.40 +/- 0.0. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that better glycaemic control and stable autonomic functions can be obtained in Type 2 DM cases with yoga asanas and pranayama. The exact mechanism as to how these postures and controlled breathing interact with somato-neuro-endocrine mechanism affecting metabolic and autonomic functions remains to be worked out. Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2002

Abstract Title: Improvement in hand grip strength in normal volunteers and rheumatoid arthritis patients following yoga training. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001 Jul;45(3):355-60. PMID: 11881576 Abstract Author(s): M Dash, S Telles Abstract: The present study aimed at assessing the effects of a set of yoga practices on normal adults (n = 37), children (n = 86), and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 20). An equal number of normal adults, children, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis who did not practice yoga were studied under each category, forming respective control groups. Yoga and control group subjects were assessed at baseline and after varying intervals, as follows, adults after 30 days, children after 10 days and patients after 15 days, based on the duration of the yoga program, which they attended, which was already fixed. Hand grip strength of both hands, measured with a grip dynamometer, increased in normal adults and children, and in rheumatoid arthritis patients, following yoga, but not in the corresponding control groups, showing no re-test effect. Adult female volunteers and patients showed a greater percentage improvement than corresponding adult males. This gender-based difference was not observed in children. Hence yoga practice improves hand grip strength in normal persons and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, though the magnitude of improvement varies with factors such as gender and age. Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2001

Abstract Title: Retardation of coronary atherosclerosis with yoga lifestyle intervention. Abstract Source: J Assoc Physicians India. 2000 Jul;48(7):687-94. PMID: 11273502 Abstract Author(s): S C Manchanda, R Narang, K S Reddy, U Sachdeva, D Prabhakaran, S Dharmanand, M Rajani, R Bijlani Abstract: BACKGROUND: Yoga has potential for benefit for patients with coronary artery disease though objective, angiographic studies are lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated possible role of lifestyle modification incorporating yoga, on retardation of coronary atherosclerotic disease. In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 42 men with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) were randomized to control (n = 21) and yoga intervention group (n = 21) and were followed for one year. The active group was treated with a user-friendly program consisting of yoga, control of risk factors, diet control and moderate aerobic exercise. The control group was managed by conventional methods i.e. risk factor control and American Heart Association step I diet. RESULTS: At one year, the yoga groups showed significant reduction in number of anginal episodes per week, improved exercise capacity and decrease in body weight. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels also showed greater reductions as compared with control group. Revascularisation procedures (coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery) were less frequently required in the yoga group (one versus eight patients; relative risk = 5.45; P = 0.01). Coronary angiography repeated at one year showed that significantly more lesions regressed (20% versus 2%) and less lesions progressed (5% versus 37%) in the yoga group (chi-square = 24.9; P<0.0001). The compliance to the total program was excellent and no side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Yoga lifestyle intervention retards progression and increases regression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with severe coronary artery disease. It also improves symptomatic status, functional class and risk factor profile. Article Published Date : Jul 01, 2000

Abstract Title: Decrease in serum cortisol during yoga exercise is correlated with alpha wave activation. Abstract Source: Percept Mot Skills. 2000 Jun;90(3 Pt 1):1027-32. PMID: 10883793 Abstract Author(s): T Kamei, Y Toriumi, H Kimura, S Ohno, H Kumano, K Kimura Abstract: We examined changes in brain waves and blood levels of serum cortisol during yoga exercise in 7 yoga instructors and found that alpha waves increased and serum cortisol decreased. These two measures were negatively correlated (r = -.83). Comparison with a control group of nonpractitioners is desirable. Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2000

Abstract Title: Effect of yogic practices on subjective well being. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;44(2):202-6. PMID: 10846636 Abstract Author(s): A Malathi, A Damodaran, N Shah, N Patil, S Maratha Abstract: Forty eight healthy volunteers who participated in the practice of yoga over a period of 4 months were assessed on Subjective Well Being Inventory (SUBI) before and after the course in order to evaluate the effect of practice of yoga on subjective feelings of well-being and quality of life. A significant improvement in 9 of the 11 factors of SUBI was observed at the end of 4 months, in these participants. The paper thus, reiterates the beneficial effects of regular practice of yoga on subjective well being. Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2000

Abstract Title: Randomized controlled trial of yogic meditation techniques for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Abstract Source: CNS Spectr. 1999 Dec;4(12):34-47. PMID: 18311106 Abstract Author(s): D S Shannahoff-Khalsa, L E Ray, S Levine, C C Gallen, B J Schwartz, J J Sidorowich Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare efficacy of two meditation protocols for treating patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients were randomized to two groups-matched for sex, age, and medication status-and blinded to the comparison protocol. They were told the trial would last for 12 months, unless one protocol proved to be more efficacious. If so, groups would merge, and the group that received the less efficacious treatment would also be afforded 12 months of the more effective one. The study was conducted at Children's Hospital, San Diego, Calif. Patients were selected according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition-Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria and recruited by advertisements and referral. At baseline, Group 1 included 11 adults and 1 adolescent, and Group 2 included 10 adults. Group 1 employed a kundalini yoga meditation protocol and Group 2 employed the Relaxation Response plus Mindfulness Meditation technique. Baseline and 3-month interval testing was conducted using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised Obsessive Compulsive (SCL-90-R OC) and Global Severity Index (SCL-90-R GSI) scales, Profile of Moods scale (POMS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Purpose in Life (PIL) test. Seven adults in each group completed 3 months of therapy. At 3 months, Group 1 demonstrated greater improvements (Student's independent groups t-test) on the Y-BOCS, SCL-90-R OC and GSI scales, and POMS, and greater but nonsignificant improvements on the PSS and PIL test. An intent-to-treat analysis (Y-BOCS) for the baseline and 3-month tests showed that only Group 1 improved. Within-group statistics (Student's paired t-tests) showed that Group 1 significantly improved on all six scales, but Group 2 had no improvements. Groups were merged for an additional year using Group 1 techniques. At 15 months, the final group (N=11) improved 71%, 62%, 66%, 74%, 39%, and 23%, respectively, on the Y-BOCS, SCL-90-R OC, SCL-90-R GSI, POMS, PSS, and PIL; P<0.003 (analysis of variance). This study demonstrates that kundalini yoga techniques are effective in the treatment of OCD. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 1999

Abstract Title: Lipid profile of coronary risk subjects following yogic lifestyle intervention. Abstract Source: Indian Heart J. 1999 Jan-Feb;51(1):37-40. PMID: 10327777 Abstract Author(s): A S Mahajan, K S Reddy, U Sachdeva Abstract: The effect of yogic lifestyle on the lipid status was studied in angina patients and normal subjects with risk factors of coronary artery disease. The parameters included the body weight, estimation of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and the cholesterol - HDL ratio. A baseline evaluation was done and then the angina patients and risk factors subjects were randomly assigned as control (n = 41) and intervention (yoga) group (n = 52). Lifestyle advice was given to both the groups. An integrated course of yoga training was given for four days followed by practice at home. Serial evaluation of both the groups was done at four, 10 and 14 weeks. Dyslipidemia was a constant feature in all cases. An inconsistent pattern of change was observed in the control group of angina (n = 18) and risk factor subjects (n = 23). The subjects practising yoga showed a regular decrease in all lipid parameters except HDL. The effect started from four weeks and lasted for 14 weeks. Thus, the effect of yogic lifestyle on some of the modifiable risk factors could probably explain the preventive and therapeutic beneficial effect observed in coronary artery disease. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1999

Abstract Title: Yoga-based intervention for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized trial. Abstract Source: JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280(18):1601-3. PMID: 9820263 Abstract Author(s): M S Garfinkel, A Singhal, W A Katz, D A Allan, R Reshetar, H R Schumacher Abstract: CONTEXT: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common complication of repetitive activities and causes significant morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a yoga-based regimen for relieving symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. DESIGN: Randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. SETTING: A geriatric center and an industrial site in 1994-1995. PATIENTS: Forty-two employed or retired individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome (median age, 52 years; range, 24-77 years). INTERVENTION: Subjects assigned to the yoga group received a yoga-based intervention consisting of 11 yoga postures designed for strengthening, stretching, and balancing each joint in the upper body along with relaxation given twice weekly for 8 weeks. Patients in the control group were offered a wrist splint to supplement their current treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes from baseline to 8 weeks in grip strength, pain intensity, sleep disturbance, Phalen sign, and Tinel sign, and in median nerve motor and sensory conduction time. RESULTS: Subjects in the yoga groups had significant improvement in grip strength (increased from 162 to 187 mm Hg; P = .009) and pain reduction (decreased from 5.0 to 2.9 mm; P = .02), but changes in grip strength and pain were not significant for control subjects. The yoga group had significantly more improvement in Phalen sign (12 improved vs 2 in control group; P = .008), but no significant differences were found in sleep disturbance, Tinel sign, and median nerve motor and sensory conduction time. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, a yoga-based regimen was more effective than wrist splinting or no treatment in relieving some symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome. Article Published Date : Nov 11, 1998

Abstract Title: Clinical study of yoga techniques in university students with asthma: a controlled study. Abstract Source: Allergy Asthma Proc. 1998 Jan-Feb;19(1):3-9. PMID: 9532318 Abstract Author(s): P K Vedanthan, L N Kesavalu, K C Murthy, K Duvall, M J Hall, S Baker, S Nagarathna Abstract: Adult asthmatics, ranging from 19 to 52 years from an asthma and allergy clinic in a university setting volunteered to participate in the study. The 17 students were randomly divided into yoga (9 subjects) and nonyoga control (8 subjects) groups. The yoga group was taught a set of breathing and relaxation techniques including breath slowing exercises (pranayama), physical postures (yogasanas), and meditation. Yoga techniques were taught at the university health center, three times a week for 16 weeks. All the subjects in both groups maintained daily symptom and medication diaries, collected A.M. and P.M. peak flow readings, and completed weekly questionnaires. Spirometry was performed on each subject every week. Analysis of the data showed that the subjects in the yoga group reported a significant degree of relaxation, positive attitude, and better yoga exercise tolerance. There was also a tendency toward lesser usage of beta adrenergic inhalers. The pulmonary functions did not vary significantly between yoga and control groups. Yoga techniques seem beneficial as an adjunct to the medical management of asthma. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1998

Abstract Title: Yoga breathing through a particular nostril increases spatial memory scores without lateralized effects. Abstract Source: Psychol Rep. 1997 Oct;81(2):555-61. PMID: 9354111 Abstract Author(s): K V Naveen, R Nagarathna, H R Nagendra, S Telles Abstract: Uninostril breathing facilitates the performance on spatial and verbal cognitive tasks, said to be right and left brain functions, respectively. Since hemispheric memory functions are also known to be lateralized, the present study assessed the effects of uninostril breathing on the performance in verbal and spatial memory tests. School children (N = 108 whose ages ranged from 10 to 17 years) were randomly assigned to four groups. Each group practiced a specific yoga breathing technique: (i) right nostril breathing, (ii) left nostril breathing, (iii) alternate nostril breathing, or (iv) breath awareness without manipulation of nostrils. These techniques were practiced for 10 days. Verbal and spatial memory was assessed initially and after 10 days. An age-matched control group of 27 were similarly assessed. All 4 trained groups showed a significant increase in spatial test scores at retest, but the control group showed no change. Average increase in spatial memory scores for the trained groups was 84%. It appears yoga breathing increases spatial rather than verbal scores, without a lateralized effect. Article Published Date : Oct 01, 1997

Abstract Title: Study of pulmonary and autonomic functions of asthma patients after yoga training. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1996 Oct;40(4):318-24. PMID: 9055100 Abstract Author(s): A A Khanam, U Sachdeva, R Guleria, K K Deepak Abstract: "The concept of yoga is helpful for the treatment of Bronchial Asthma", has created a great interest in the medical research field. In order to investigate whether autonomic functions and pulmonary functions are improved in asthma patients after short term yoga training, a study was conducted with nine diagnosed bronchial asthma patients. Yoga training was given for seven days in a camp in Adhyatma Sadhna Kendra, New Delhi. The autonomic function tests to measure the parasympathetic reactivity (Deep Breathing test, Valsalva Manouever), Sympathetic reactivity (Hand Grip test, Cold Pressure test), and pulmonary function tests FVC, FEV1, PEFR, PIF, BHT and CE were recorded before and after yoga training. The resting heart rate after yoga training (P<0.05) was significantly decreased (89.55 +/- 18.46/min to 76.22 +/- 16.44/min). The sympathetic reactivity was reduced following yoga training as indicated by significant (P<0.01) reduction in DBP after HGT. There was no change in parasympathetic reactivity. The FVC, FEV1, PEFR did not show any significant change. The PIF (P<0.01), BHT (P<0.01) and CE (P<0.01) showed significant improvement. The results closely indicated the reduction in sympathetic reactivity and improvement in the pulmonary ventilation by way of relaxation of voluntary inspiratory and expiratory muscles. The "comprehensive yogic life style change programme for patients of Bronchial Asthma" have shown significant benefit even within a short period. Article Published Date : Oct 01, 1996

Abstract Title: Clinical case report: efficacy of yogic techniques in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorders. Abstract Source: Int J Neurosci. 1996 Mar;85(1-2):1-17. PMID: 8727678 Abstract Author(s): D S Shannahoff-Khalsa, L R Beckett Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of yogic techniques in the treatment of eight adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A specific yogic breathing pattern has been prescribed for the treatment of OCD, as well as others for treating generalized anxiety. A one year course of therapy was followed. Subjects improved on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) comparing baseline with three, six, nine,&12 month results (one-way ANOVA for repeated measures, F(4,12) = 3.343, p Article Published Date : Mar 01, 1996

Abstract Title: Effect of Sahaja yoga practice on seizure control&EEG changes in patients of epilepsy. Abstract Source: Indian J Med Res. 1996 Mar;103:165-72. PMID: 9062044 Abstract Author(s): U Panjwani, W Selvamurthy, S H Singh, H L Gupta, L Thakur, U C Rai Abstract: The effect of Sahaja yoga meditation on seizure control and electroencephalographic alterations was assessed in 32 patients of idiopathic epilepsy. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group I (n = 10) practised Sahaja yoga for 6 months, Group II (n = 10) practised exercises mimicking Sahaja yoga for 6 months and Group III (n = 12) served as the epileptic control group. Group I subjects reported a 62 per cent decrease in seizure frequency at 3 months and a further decrease of 86 per cent at 6 months of intervention. Power spectral analysis of EEG showed a shift in frequency from 0-8 Hz towards 8-20 Hz. The ratios of EEG powers in delta (D), theta (T), alpha (A) and beta (B) bands i.e., A/D, A/D + T, A/T and A + B/D + T were increased. Per cent D power decreased and per cent A increased. No significant changes in any of the parameters were found in Groups II and III, indicating that Sahaja yoga practice brings about seizure reduction and EEG changes. Sahaja yoga could prove to be beneficial in the management of patients of epilepsy. Article Published Date : Mar 01, 1996

Abstract Title: Evaluation of a yoga based regimen for treatment of osteoarthritis of the hands. Abstract Source: J Rheumatol. 1994 Dec;21(12):2341-3. PMID: 7699639 Abstract Author(s): M S Garfinkel, H R Schumacher, A Husain, M Levy, R A Reshetar Abstract: OBJECTIVE. Yoga and relaxation techniques have traditionally been used by nonmedical practitioners to help alleviate musculoskeletal symptoms. The objective of this study was to collect controlled observations of the effect of yoga on the hands of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS. Patients with OA of the hands were randomly assigned to receive either the yoga program or no therapy. Yoga techniques were supervised by one instructor once/week for 8 weeks. Variables assessed were pain, strength, motion, joint circumference, tenderness, and hand function using the Stanford Hand Assessment questionnaire. RESULTS. The yoga treated group improved significantly more than the control group in pain during activity, tenderness and finger range of motion. Other trends also favored the yoga program. CONCLUSION. This yoga derived program was effective in providing relief in hand OA. Further studies are needed to compare this with other treatments and to examine longterm effects. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 1994

Abstract Title: [Elements of yoga therapy in the combined rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients in the functional recovery period]. Abstract Source: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1993 Jul-Aug(4):7-9. PMID: 8236936 Abstract Author(s): V V Bulavin, V M Kliuzhev, L M Kliachkin, Lakshmankumar, N D Zuikhin, T N Vlasova Abstract: Fifty-nine postmyocardial infarction patients received combined therapy involving chemotherapy, physiotherapy, therapeutic exercises and yoga therapy. Thirty-seven controls received the same treatment without yoga exercise. The yoga complex implied elementary simple positions, relaxation exercise and respiratory exercise. A clinical response evident in both the groups appeared more pronounced in the test group as shown by marked improvement in external respiration and blood counts, in exercise tolerance and psychosomatic condition of the patients. Article Published Date : Jul 01, 1993

Abstract Title: Mood alteration with yoga and swimming: aerobic exercise may not be necessary. Abstract Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1992 Dec;75(3 Pt 2):1331-43. PMID: 1484805 Abstract Author(s): B G Berger, D R Owen Abstract: The mood benefits of Hatha yoga and swimming, two activities that differ greatly in aerobic training benefits, were examined. College students (N = 87) in two swimming classes, a yoga class, and a lecture-control class completed mood and personality inventories before and after class on three occasions. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that both yoga participants (n = 22) and swimmers (n = 37) reported greater decreases in scores on Anget, Confusion, Tension, and Depression than did the control students (n = 28). The consistent mood benefits of yoga supported our earlier observation that the exercise need not be aerobic to be associated with mood enhancement. However, underlying and causal mechanisms remain uncertain. Among the men, the acute decreases in Tension, Fatigue, and Anger after yoga were significantly greater than those after swimming. Yoga may be even more beneficial than swimming for men who personally select to participate. The women reported fairly similar mood benefits after swimming and yoga. It seems that aerobic exercise may not be necessary to facilitate the mood benefits. Also, students with greater mood changes attended class more regularly than those who reported fewer psychological benefits. Maximizing the immediate psychological benefits of exercise might be one way to encourage adults to be physically active. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 1992

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga training on reaction time, respiratory endurance and muscle strength. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1992 Oct;36(4):229-33. PMID: 1291472 Abstract Author(s): Madanmohan, D P Thombre, B Balakumar, T K Nambinarayanan, S Thakur, N Krishnamurthy, A Chandrabose Abstract: There is evidence that the practice of yoga improves physical and mental performance. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of yoga training on visual and auditory reaction times (RTs), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), 40 mmHg test, breath holding time after expiration (BHTexp), breath holding time after inspiration (BHTinsp), and hand grip strength (HGS). Twenty seven student volunteers were given yoga training for 12 weeks. There was a significant (P<0.001) decrease in visual RT (from 270.0 +/- 6.20 (SE) to 224.81 +/- 5.76 ms) as well as auditory RT (from 194.18 +/- 6.00 to 157.33 +/- 4.85 ms). MEP increased from 92.61 +/- 9.04 to 126.46 +/- 10.75 mmHg, while MIP increased from 72.23 +/- 6.45 to 90.92 +/- 6.03 mmHg, both these changes being statistically significant (P<0.05). 40 mmHg test and HGS increased significantly (P<0.001) from 36.57 +/- 2.04 to 53.36 +/- 3.95 s and 13.78 +/- 0.58 to 16.67 +/- 0.49 kg respectively. BHTexp increased from 32.15 +/- 1.41 to 44.53 +/- 3.78s (P<0.01) and BHTinsp increased from 63.69 +/- 5.38 to 89.07 +/- 9.61 s (P<0.05). Our results show that yoga practice for 12 weeks results in significant reduction in visual and auditory RTs and significant increase in respiratory pressures, breath holding times and HGS. Article Published Date : Oct 01, 1992

Abstract Title: A comparative study of the driving effects of dextroamphetamine and yogic meditation on muscle control for the performance of balance on balance board. Abstract Source: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1991 Jul;35(3):191-4. PMID: 1791060 Abstract Author(s): R R Dhume, R A Dhume Abstract: The work is aimed to compare the relative strength of dextroamphetamine and yogic meditation on the performance of 3 different groups of medical students to concentrate on the task to balance on a balance board. Group A subjects were mediators, group B subjects were given orally 5 and 10 mg of dextroamphetamine in a capsule, 1 hr prior to the test. Group C subjects were given same capsule but with lactose in place of the drug (placebo). This last groups served as control for the study. The balance index calculated taking into account their balance time and error score at each trial of 5 min duration showed that the performance of the group B (drug) had declined with overall percentile fall of 40.6% as compared to the performance of the controls (placebo) whereas, the performance of Group A (meditators) went on steadily and progressively increasing throughout the period of 10 trial days with overall percentile rise of 27.8%. The results were conclusive to confirm earlier reports that amphetamine is not of use for improvement of task rather, it deteriorates the task performance. Contrary to that, yogic meditation is of merit to achieve concentration for mental as well as physical task. Article Published Date : Jul 01, 1991

Abstract Title: An integrated approach of yoga therapy for bronchial asthma: a 3-54-month prospective study. Abstract Source: J Asthma. 1986;23(3):123-37. PMID: 3745111 Abstract Author(s): H R Nagendra, R Nagarathna Abstract: After an initial integrated yoga training program of 2 to 4 weeks, 570 bronchial asthmatics were followed up for 3 to 54 months. The training consisted of yoga practices--yogasanas, Pranayama, meditation, and kriyas--and theory of yoga. Results show highly significant improvement in most of the specific parameters. The regular practitioners showed the greatest improvement. Peak expiratory flow rate (PFR) values showed significant movement of patients toward normalcy after yoga, and 72, 69, and 66% of the patients have stopped or reduced parenteral, oral, and cortisone medication, respectively. These results establish the long-term efficacy of the integrated approach of yoga therapy in the management of bronchial asthma. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 1986

Abstract Title: Yoga for bronchial asthma: a controlled study. Abstract Source: Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Oct 19;291(6502):1077-9. PMID: 3931802 Abstract Author(s): R Nagarathna, H R Nagendra Abstract: Fifty three patients with asthma underwent training for two weeks in an integrated set of yoga exercises, including breathing exercises, suryanamaskar, yogasana (physical postures), pranayama (breath slowing techniques), dhyana (meditation), and a devotional session, and were told to practise these exercises for 65 minutes daily. They were then compared with a control group of 53 patients with asthma matched for age, sex, and type and severity of asthma, who continued to take their usual drugs. There was a significantly greater improvement in the group who practised yoga in the weekly number of attacks of asthma, scores for drug treatment, and peak flow rate. This study shows the efficacy of yoga in the long term management of bronchial asthma, but the physiological basis for this beneficial effect needs to be examined in more detail. Article Published Date : Oct 19, 1985

Abstract Title: Influence of yoga on blood coagulation. Abstract Source: Thromb Haemost. 1984 Apr 30;51(2):196-7. PMID: 6740553 Abstract Author(s): I S Chohan, H S Nayar, P Thomas, N S Geetha Abstract: Yoga is known to induce beneficial effects on physiological, biochemical and mental functions in man. Its effects on blood coagulation are not known. A study was conducted in seven previously untrained male adults who underwent a combination of yogic exercises, daily for one hour, over a period of four months. Parameters of blood coagulation were estimated before and after the end of yoga training. The following changes were observed: Fibrinolytic activity increased significantly with a concomitant fall in fibrinogen; activated partial thromboplastin time and platelet aggregation time were prolonged; blood and plasma platelets showed a rise; and both haemoglobin and heamatocrit were raised at the end of the training. These findings suggest that yoga induces a state of blood hypocoagulability. The impact of yoga on prevention of cardiovascular and thrombotic disorders is obvious. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 1984

Abstract Title: Adjunct treatment with yoga in chronic severe airways obstruction. Abstract Source: Thorax. 1978 Aug;33(4):514-7. PMID: 694807 Abstract Author(s): M K Tandon Abstract: Eleven patients with severe chronic airways obstruction were given training in yogic breathing exercises and postures. A matched group of 11 patients were given physiotherapy breathing exercises. Both groups of patients were followed up at monthly intervals for nine months with pulmonary function tests, tests of exercise tolerance, and inquiry into their symptoms. After training in yoga the mean maximum work increased significantly by 60.55 kpm; whereas no such rise occurred after training in physiotherapy. This objective improvement was associated with symptomatic improvement in a significantly higher number of patients given training in yoga. Article Published Date : Aug 01, 1978

Abstract Title: Adrenocortical activity during meditation. Abstract Source: Horm Behav. 1978 Feb;10(1):54-60. PMID: 350747 Abstract Author(s): R Jevning, A F Wilson, J M Davidson Abstract: We studied acute plasma cortisol and testosterone concentration changes during the practice known as "transcendental meditation" (TM) and during control rest. Three groups of normal, young adult volunteers were studied: a group of controls, these same controls restudied as practitioners after 3 to 4 months of TM practice, and a group of long-term, regular TM practitioners (3 to 5 years of practice). No change was found in controls during rest. Cortisol declined, but not significantly, in restudied controls, while cortisol decreased significantly in long-term practitioners during meditation and remained somewhat low afterward. No change in testerone concentration was noted during either rest or TM. Apparently, the practice of TM becomes associated with psychophysiologic response(s) which acutely inhibit pituitary-adrenal activity. Article Published Date : Feb 01, 1978