Abstract Title: The Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Knee Pain and Functional Status in Participants with Osteoarthritis. Abstract Source: Pain Manag Nurs. 2018 Mar 5. Epub 2018 Mar 5. PMID: 29519753 Abstract Author(s): Dilek Efe Arslan, Sevinç Kutlutürkan, Murat Korkmaz Article Affiliation: Dilek Efe Arslan Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy massage on knee pain and functional status in subjects with osteoarthritis. The study was designed as a non-randomized interventional study. The study was carried out on patients who referred to the outpatient clinics of the Department of Orthopedics, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at Bozok University Research and Application Hospital, and were diagnosed with osteoarthritis. A total number of 95 patients were included in the study, and of those, 33 were allocated to aromatherapy massage group, 30 were allocated to conventional massage group, and 32 were allocated to the control group. The study data were collected using the Patient Identification Form, visual analogue scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index. Repeated measures analysis of variance test was used to analyze the outcomes in the aromatherapy, conventional massage and control groups, according to the weeks of follow-up. Bonferroni test was used for further analysis. Baseline mean visual analogue scale score and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index were not significantly different between the groups (p>.05). Visual analogue scale (rest-activity) scores and the scores in the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index in the aromatherapy massage group were lower, and the difference compared to the control group was statistically significant (p<.001). Aromatherapy massage performed in patients with osteoarthritis reduced knee pain scores, decreased morning stiffness, and improved physical functioning status. Thus, as long as specific training is provided for aromatherapy massage, aromatherapy can be recommended for routine use in physical therapy units, hospitals and homes. Article Published Date : Mar 04, 2018

Abstract Title: Aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil and the prevention of disability in ADL in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018 Feb ;30:116-121. Epub 2017 Dec 12. PMID: 29389470 Abstract Author(s): Ahmad Nasiri, Mohammad Azim Mahmodi Article Affiliation: Ahmad Nasiri Abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is considered as one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders which leads to joint degeneration and consequently disability in activities of daily living. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy massage with lavender essence on activities of daily living of patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: This is a single-blinded, randomized clinical trial. A total of 90 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee referring to the outpatient rheumatology clinics affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences were selected via convenience sampling method. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups: intervention group (aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil), placebo group (massage with almond oil) and control group (without massage). The activities of daily living of patients was evaluated according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 16. RESULTS: The activities of daily living of patients were significantly improved immediately and 1 week after the intervention in the intervention group compared with their initial status (p < .001) and that of the control group (p < .001 and p = .03 respectively). However, 4 weeks after the intervention, there was no significant difference between the groups according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (p = .95). CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil may reduce the incidence of activities of daily living disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. However, further studies are required to confirm findings of this study. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Effects of Geranium Aromatherapy Massage on Premenstrual Syndrome: A Clinical Trial. Abstract Source: Int J Prev Med. 2018 ;9:98. Epub 2018 Nov 5. PMID: 30533209 Abstract Author(s): Seyede Maryam Lotfipur-Rafsanjani, Ali Ravari, Zohreh Ghorashi, Saiedeh Haji-Maghsoudi, Jafar Akbarinasab, Reza Bekhradi Article Affiliation: Seyede Maryam Lotfipur-Rafsanjani Abstract: Introduction: This study evaluated the effects of geranium aromatherapy massage on premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: A total of 120 female students with diagnosed PMS were randomly divided into three groups as control group, aromatherapy massage group, and massage group. Essential oil of geranium 2% in almond oil and sweet almond oil were used in aromatherapy massage group and massage group, respectively. Aromatherapy massage protocol was run for 8 weeks. Results: The study revealed that aromatherapy massage decreased the PMS physical and mental symptoms and massage therapy decreased the PMS physical and mental symptoms too (<0.001); however, this decrease was more in aromatherapy massage group (<0.001). Conclusions: This study recommends aromatherapy massage, as a complementary treatment, to improve PMS. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and Fatigue in Patients Receiving Oxaliplatin: An Open Label Quasi-Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. Abstract Source: Cancer Nurs. 2017 Dec 2. Epub 2017 Dec 2. PMID: 29200001 Abstract Author(s): Nur Izgu, Leyla Ozdemir, Fatma Bugdayci Basal Article Affiliation: Nur Izgu Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients receiving oxaliplatin may experience peripheral neuropathic pain and fatigue. Aromatherapy massage, a nonpharmacological method, may help to control these symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this open-label, parallel-group, quasi-randomized controlled pilot study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and fatigue in patients receiving oxaliplatin. METHODS: Stratified randomization was used to allocate 46 patients to 2 groups: intervention (n = 22) and control (n = 24). Between week 1 and week 6, participants in the intervention group (IG) received aromatherapy massage 3 times a week. There was no intervention in weeks 7 and 8. The control group (CG) received routine care. Neuropathic pain was identified using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions; severity of painful paresthesia was assessed with the numerical rating scale; fatigue severity was identified with the Piper Fatigue Scale. RESULTS: At week 6, the rate of neuropathic pain was significantly lower in the IG, when compared with the CG. The severity of painful paresthesia based on numerical rating scale in the IG was significantly lower than that in the CG at weeks 2, 4, and 6. At week 8, fatigue severity in the IG was significantly lower when compared with CG (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy massage may be useful in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain and fatigue. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This pilot study suggests that aromatherapy massage may be useful to relieve neuropathic pain and fatigue. However, there is a need for further clinical trials to validate the results of this study. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2017

  Abstract Title: Effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety, depression, and physiologic parameters in older patients with the acute coronary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Abstract Source: Int J Nurs Pract. 2017 Dec ;23(6). Epub 2017 Oct 25. PMID: 29071755 Abstract Author(s): Tahereh Bahrami, Nahid Rejeh, Majideh Heravi-Karimooi, Mojtaba Vaismoradi, Seyed Davood Tadrisi, Christina Sieloff Article Affiliation: Tahereh Bahrami Abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety, depression, and physiologic parameters in older patients with acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 older women with acute coronary syndrome. The participants were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups (n = 45). The intervention group received reflexology with lavender essential oil, but the control group only received routine care. Physiologic parameters, the levels of anxiety and depression in the hospital were evaluated using a checklist and the Hospital's Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively, before and immediately after the intervention. RESULTS: Significant differences in the levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the groups after the intervention. The analysis of physiological parameters revealed a statistically significant reduction (P<.05) in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. However, no significant difference was observed in the respiratory rate. CONCLUSIONS: Aromatherapy massage can be considered by clinical nurses an efficient therapy for alleviating psychological and physiological responses among older women suffering from acute coronary syndrome. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Effects of Aromatherapy Massage on Pregnant Women's Stress and Immune Function: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2017 Oct ;23(10):778-786. Epub 2017 Aug 7. PMID: 28783372 Abstract Author(s): Pao-Ju Chen, Cheng-Chen Chou, Luke Yang, Yu-Lun Tsai, Yue-Cune Chang, Jen-Jiuan Liaw Article Affiliation: Pao-Ju Chen Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study's aims are to examine the effects of aromatherapy massage on women's stress and immune function during pregnancy. METHODS: This longitudinal, prospective, randomized controlled trial recruited 52 healthy pregnant women from a prenatal clinic in Taipei using convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 24) or control (n = 28) group using Clinstat block randomization. The intervention group received 70 min of aromatherapy massage with 2% lavender essential oil every other week (10 times in total) for 20 weeks; the control group received only routine prenatal care. In both groups, participants' salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were collected before and after the intervention group received aromatherapy massage (every month from 16 to 36 weeks gestation) and were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The pregnant women in the intervention group had lower salivary cortisol (p < 0.001) and higher IgA (p < 0.001) levels immediately after aromatherapy massage than those in the control group, which did not receive massage treatment. Comparing the long-term effects of aromatherapy massage on salivary IgA levels between groups at different times, the study found that the pretest salivary IgA levels at32 (p = 0.002) and 36 (p < 0.001) weeks gestational age (GA) were significantly higher than the pretest IgA at 16 weeks GA (baseline). CONCLUSIONS: This study presented evidence that aromatherapy massage could significantly decrease stress and enhance immune function in pregnant women. The findings can guide clinicians or midwives in providing aromatherapy massage to women throughout the pregnancy. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Aromatherapy Massage for Neuropathic Pain and Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients. Abstract Source: J Nurs Scholarsh. 2017 Jul ;49(4):379-388. Epub 2017 Jun 12. PMID: 28605119 Abstract Author(s): Zehra Gok Metin, Ayse Arikan Donmez, Nur Izgu, Leyla Ozdemir, Ismail Emre Arslan Article Affiliation: Zehra Gok Metin Abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of aromatherapy massage on neuropathic pain severity and quality of life (QoL) in patients suffering from painful diabetic neuropathy. DESIGN AND METHODS: This open-label randomized controlled clinical study was conducted in a university hospital endocrine outpatient clinic in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 46 patients, randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 21) and a control group (n = 25). The intervention group received aromatherapy massage three times per week for a period of 4 weeks. The control group received only routine care. Data were collected from patients using the Douleur Neuropathique questionnaire, the visual analog scale, and the Neuropathic Pain Impact on Quality of Life questionnaire. FINDINGS: Neuropathic pain scores significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group in the fourth week of the study. Similarly, QoL scores significantly improved in the intervention group in the fourth week of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Aromatherapy massage is a simple and effective nonpharmacological nursing intervention that can be used to manage neuropathic pain and improve QoL in patients with painful neuropathy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aromatherapy massage is a well-tolerated, feasible, and safe nonpharmacological method that can be readily integrated into clinical settings by nursing staff. The essential oils rosemary, geranium, lavender, eucalyptus, and chamomile can be safely used by nurses in the clinical setting, if applicable. However, training and experience of nurses in aromatherapy massage is critical to achieving positive results. Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of aromatherapy massage on pain in primary dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 May ;27:5-10. Epub 2017 Jan 18. PMID: 28438280 Abstract Author(s): Necdet Sut, Hatice Kahyaoglu-Sut Article Affiliation: Necdet Sut Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis investigates the effect of aromatherapy massage on pain in primary dysmenorrhea. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were searched by keywords in several databases (Pubmed, ISI Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar). Six randomized controlled trials that included 362 participants with primary dysmenorrhea, comparing abdominal aromatherapy massage (n = 184) with massage with placebo oils (n = 178), were analyzed in the meta-analysis. The change in the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score from the first menstruation cycle to the second cycle at the first menstruation day was used as the primary outcome. RESULTS: Aromatherapy massage with essential oils was superior to massage with placebo oils (standardized mean difference = -1.06 [95% CI: -1.55 to -0.55]). CONCLUSION: Abdominal aromatherapy massage with essential oils is an effective complementary method to relieve pain in primary dysmenorrhea. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2017

Abstract Title: The Preliminary Effects of Massage and Inhalation Aromatherapy on Chemotherapy-Induced Acute Nausea and Vomiting: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. Abstract Source: Cancer Nurs. 2017 Apr 20. Epub 2017 Apr 20. PMID: 28426542 Abstract Author(s): Pinar Zorba, Leyla Ozdemir Article Affiliation: Pinar Zorba Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite pharmacological treatment, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are observed in patients. OBJECTIVE: This quasi-randomized controlled pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effects of massage and inhalation aromatherapies on chemotherapy-induced acute nausea/vomiting. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with breast cancer were randomly grouped into 1 of 3 groups: massage (n = 25), inhalation (n = 25), and control (n = 25). The patients in the massage group received 20-minute aromatherapy foot massage, whereas those in the inhalation group received 3-minute inhalation aromatherapy before their second, third, and fourth chemotherapy cycles. The control group underwent only the routine treatment. A nausea, vomiting, and retching patient follow-up form was used to evaluate nausea severity by visual analog scale and frequency of vomiting and retching. RESULTS: The incidence of nausea and retching was significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups in the third and fourth chemotherapy cycles (P<.001). Furthermore, in these 2 cycles, the incidence of nausea and retching was significantly lower in the massage group than in the inhalation group (P<.001). Nausea severity was significantly lower among patients in the massage and inhalation groups than in the control group in all 3 cycles (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Nausea severity was significantly lower in the massage and inhalation aromatherapy groups than in the control group. Nausea and retching incidence was reduced in the aromatherapy groups compared with that in the control group. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nonpharmacological approaches are recommended for managing CINV. Massage and inhalation aromatherapy seems promising regarding the management of CINV. Article Published Date : Apr 19, 2017

Abstract Title: The Effects of Aromatherapy Massage on Sleep Quality of Nurses on Monthly Rotating Night Shifts. Abstract Source: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017 ;2017:3861273. Epub 2017 Jul 6. PMID: 28761497 Abstract Author(s): Ying-Ying Chang, Chao-Ling Lin, Li-Yin Chang Article Affiliation: Ying-Ying Chang Abstract: The goal of this study is to examine the effects of aromatherapy massage on sleep quality of nurses with monthly rotating night shifts. Subjects were enrolled at a medical center in central Taiwan with overall score≥ 5 of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and randomly assigned to the treatment or control groups. They were validated by pretests during their first graveyard shift in the trial period and the sleep quality information was collected by using the PSQI and sleep detectors. During the second graveyard shift, the treatment group received aromatherapy massage and the control group rested in the same aromatherapy room after work. All subjects filled out the PSQI surveys and the sleep quality information was collected during massage or resting and the following night. We found that the total PSQI was significantly decreased in the treatment group following the aromatherapy massage. Specifically, the components such as subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction were significantly decreased. However, there were no significant changes of average PSQI scores betweenthe two groups before and after intervention. Taken together, our study suggested that aromatherapy massage could improve sleep quality of nurses with monthly rotating night shift. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Nov ;25:75-80. Epub 2016 Aug 3. PMID: 27863613 Abstract Author(s): Ahmad Nasiri, Mohammad Azim Mahmodi, Zohre Nobakht Article Affiliation: Ahmad Nasiri Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis of the knee is the most common chronic joint disease that involves middle aged and elderly people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. METHODS: In this single-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who referred to the outpatient rheumatology clinics affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences were selected through convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned to three groups: intervention (aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil), placebo (massage with almond oil) and control (without massage). The patients were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the intervention in terms of pain via visual analogue scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using the repeated measure ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and chi-squared test. RESULTS: Pain severity of the patients in the intervention group was significantly different immediately and 1 week after the intervention compared with their initial status (p < 0.001) and that of the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009 respectively). However, at the third phase of follow-up (i.e., 4 weeks after the intervention), there was no significant difference between the groups according to the visual analogue scale (p = 0.67). CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil was found effective in relieving pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, further studies are needed to confirm findings of this study. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Agitation and Depressive Mood in Individuals With Dementia. Abstract Source: J Gerontol Nurs. 2016 Sep 1 ;42(9):38-46. Epub 2016 Jun 20. PMID: 27319407 Abstract Author(s): Ya-Ping Yang, Chi-Jane Wang, Jing-Jy Wang Article Affiliation: Ya-Ping Yang Abstract: The current study examined the effects of aromatherapy massage on alleviating agitation and depressive mood in individuals with dementia. A randomized controlled trial and repeated measures design was conducted. A total of 59 participants were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention group received aromatherapy massage once per week for 8 weeks. Results indicated no significant changes over time in overall agitation for either group, but agitation decreased from Week 1 to Week 5 for the intervention group. In addition, the overall depressive symptoms decreased significantly over time for the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). However, changes in agitation within 24 hours following aromatherapy massage showed some significant changes in Weeks 5 and 9. Aromatherapy massage can be an effective and safe intervention to alleviate specific agitated behaviors and depressive mood in individuals with dementia. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42(9), 38-46.]. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2016

Abstract Title: The Effects of Aromatherapy Massage and Reflexology on Pain and Fatigue in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: Pain Manag Nurs. 2016 Apr ;17(2):140-9. Epub 2016 Apr 16. PMID: 27091583 Abstract Author(s): Zehra Gok Metin, Leyla Ozdemir Article Affiliation: Zehra Gok Metin Abstract: Nonpharmacologic interventions for symptom management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are underinvestigated. Limited data suggest that aromatherapy massage and reflexology may help to reduce pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effects of aromatherapy massage and reflexology on pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study sample was randomly assigned to either an aromatherapy massage (n = 17), reflexology (n = 17) or the control group (n = 17). Aromatherapy massage was applied to both knees of subjects in the first intervention group for 30 minutes. Reflexology was administered to both feet of subjects in the second intervention group for 40 minutes during weekly home visits. Control group subjects received no intervention. Fifty-one subjects with rheumatoid arthritis were recruited from a university hospital rheumatology clinic in Turkey between July 2014 and January 2015 for this randomized controlled trial. Data were collected by personal information form, DAS28 index, Visual Analog Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale. Pain and fatigue scores were measured at baseline and within an hour after each intervention for 6 weeks. Pain and fatigue scores significantly decreased in the aromatherapy massage and reflexology groups compared with the control group (p < .05). The reflexology intervention started to decrease mean pain and fatigue scores earlier than aromatherapy massage (week 1 vs week 2 for pain, week 1 vs week 4 for fatigue) (p < .05). Aromatherapy massage and reflexology are simple and effective nonpharmacologic nursing interventions that can be used to help manage pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2016

Abstract Title: The Effect of Massage With Lavender Oil on Restless Leg Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Dec ;4(4):e29617. Epub 2015 Dec 1. PMID: 26835466 Abstract Author(s): Sayyed Hossein Hashemi, Ali Hajbagheri, Mohammad Aghajani Article Affiliation: Sayyed Hossein Hashemi Abstract: BACKGROUND: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common problem in patients with chronic renal failure. It can reduce the quality of life and sleep disturbances. This disorder is usually treated pharmacologically. Recently, complementary medicine methods have been suggested because of chemical drugs adverse effects. There is not enough evidence about the effect of aromatherapy on RLS. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of massage with lavender oil on RLS symptoms in hemodialysis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study included 70 hemodialysis patients with RLS that were randomly assigned into two groups in 2014. The experimental group received effleurage massage using lavender oil and control group received routine care for three weeks. Data was collected with RLS questionnaire and analyzed using independent and paired t-test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: The mean RLS scores were not significantly different in the two groups at the start of study (22.41± 7.67 vs. 22.90 ± 4.38, P = 0.76). At the end of study, the mean RLS score significantly decreased in the intervention group, while this score remained relatively un-changed in the control group (12.41 ± 5.49 vs. 23.23 ± 4.52, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Lavender oil massage was effective to improve RLS in hemodialysis patients. It has no adverse effects, is practical and cost-effective. It is suggested to be used along with routine treatment of RLS in hemodialysis patients. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2015

Abstract Title: [Massage with aromatherapy: effectiveness on anxiety of users with personality disorders in psychiatric hospitalization]. Abstract Source: Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2015 Jun ;49(3):453-9. Epub 2015 Jun 1. PMID: 26107706 Abstract Author(s): Thiago da Silva Domingos, Eliana Mara Braga Article Affiliation: Thiago da Silva Domingos Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using the essential oils (0.5%) of Lavandula angustifolia and Pelargonium graveolens for anxiety reduction in patients with personality disorders during psychiatric hospitalization. METHOD: Uncontrolled clinical trial with 50 subjects submitted to six massages with aromatherapy, performed on alternate days, on the cervical and the posterior thoracic regions. Vital data (heart and respiratory rate) were collected before and after each session and an anxiety scale (Trait Anxiety Inventory-State) was applied at the beginning and end of the intervention. The results were statistically analyzed with the chi square test and paired t test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001) of the heart and respiratory mean rates after each intervention session, as well as in the inventory score. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in anxiety relief, considering the decrease of heart and respiratory rates in patients diagnosed with personality disorders during psychiatric hospitalization. Article Published Date : May 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Aromatherapy hand massage for older adults with chronic pain living in long-term care. Abstract Source: J Holist Nurs. 2014 Dec ;32(4):304-13; quiz 314-5. Epub 2014 Apr 14. PMID: 24733781 Abstract Author(s): Kathleen Cino Article Affiliation: Kathleen Cino Abstract: PURPOSE: Older adults living in long-term care experience high rates of chronic pain. Concerns with pharmacologic management have spurred alternative approaches. The purpose of this study was to examine a nursing intervention for older adults with chronic pain. DESIGN: This prospective, randomized control trial compared the effect of aromatherapy M technique hand massage, M technique without aromatherapy, and nurse presence on chronic pain. Chronic pain was measured with the Geriatric Multidimensional Pain and Illness Inventory factors, pain and suffering, life interference, and emotional distress and the Iowa Pain Thermometer, a pain intensity scale. METHOD: Three groups of 39 to 40 participants recruited from seven long-term care facilities participated twice weekly for 4 weeks. Analysis included multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of variance. FINDINGS: Participants experienced decreased levels of chronic pain intensity. Group membership had a significant effect on the Geriatric Multidimensional Pain Inventory Pain and Suffering scores; Iowa Pain Thermometer scores differed significantly within groups. CONCLUSIONS: M technique hand massage with or without aromatherapy significantly decreased chronic pain intensity compared to nurse presence visits. M technique hand massage is a safe, simple, but effective intervention. Caregivers using it could improve chronic pain management in this population. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2014

Abstract Title: The effect of aromatherapy massage on the psychological symptoms of postmenopausal Iranian women. Abstract Source: Complement Ther Med. 2013 Jun ;21(3):158-63. Epub 2013 Apr 16. PMID: 23642946 Abstract Author(s): S Taavoni, F Darsareh, S Joolaee, H Haghani Article Affiliation: S Taavoni Abstract: BACKGROUND: Menopausal symptoms experienced by women vary widely, and while many women transition through menopause with manageable symptoms, others experience severe symptoms, which may impair their quality of life. OBJECTIVES: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of aromatherapy massage on psychological symptoms during menopause. METHODS: The study population comprised 90 women. Each subject in the aromatherapy massage group received 30 min aromatherapy sessions with aroma oil, twice a week, for four weeks; each subject in the massage therapy group received the same treatment with odorless oil, while no treatment was provided to subjects in the control group. The outcome measures were psychological symptoms, as obtained through the psychological subscale of the Menopause Rating Scale. RESULTS: A total of 87 women were evaluated. A statistically significant difference was found between the participants' pre- and post-application psychological score in intervention groups, whereas the score in the control group did not differ significantly. Aromatherapy massage decreased the psychological score MD: -3.49 (95% Confidence Interval of Difference: -4.52 to -2.47). Massage therapy also decreased the psychological score MD: -1.20 (95% Confidence Interval of Difference: -2.19 to -0.08). To distinguish the effect of aromatherapy from massage separately, we compared the reduction in the psychological score. Aromatherapy massage decreased the psychological score more than massage therapy MD: -2.29 (95% Confidence Interval of Difference: -3.01 to -0.47). CONCLUSION: Both aromatherapy massage and massage were effective in reducing psychological symptoms, but, the effect of aromatherapy massage was higher than massage. Article Published Date : May 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Does lavender aromatherapy alleviate premenstrual emotional symptoms?: a randomized crossover trial. Abstract Source: Biopsychosoc Med. 2013 May 31 ;7(1):12. Epub 2013 May 31. PMID: 23724853 Abstract Author(s): Tamaki Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Asakura, Tatsuya Hayashi Abstract: BACKGROUND: A majority of reproductive-age women experience a constellation of various symptoms in the premenstrual phase, commonly known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Despite its prevalence, however, no single treatment is universally recognized as effective, and many women turn to alternative approaches, including aromatherapy, a holistic mind and body treatment. The present study investigated the soothing effects of aromatherapy on premenstrual symptoms using lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), a relaxing essential oil, from the perspective of autonomic nervous system function. METHODS: Seventeen women (20.6 +/- 0.2 years) with mild to moderate subjective premenstrual symptoms participated in a randomized crossover study. Subjects were examined on two separate occasions (aroma and control trials) in the late-luteal phases. Two kinds of aromatic stimulation (lavender and water as a control) were used. This experiment measured heart rate variability (HRV) reflecting autonomic nerve activity and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) as a psychological index before and after the aromatic stimulation. RESULTS: Only a 10-min inhalation of the lavender scent significantly increased the high frequency (HF) power reflecting parasympathetic nervous system activity in comparison with water (aroma effect: F = 4.50, p = 0.050; time effect: F = 5.59, p = 0.017; aroma x time effect: F = 3.17, p = 0.047). The rate of increase in HF power was greater at 10--15 min (p = 0.051) and 20--25 min (p = 0.023) in the lavender trial than in the control trial with water. In addition, POMS tests revealed that inhalation of the aromatic lavender oil significantly decreased two POMS subscales---depression--dejection (p = 0.045) and confusion (p = 0.049)---common premenstrual symptoms, in the late-luteal phase, as long as 35 min after the aroma stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that lavender aromatherapy as a potential therapeutic modality could alleviate premenstrual emotional symptoms, which, at least in part, is attributable to the improvement of parasympathetic nervous system activity. This study further implies that HRV could evaluate the efficacy of aromatherapy using various fragrances to relieve premenstrual symptoms, and ultimately, support the mind and body health of women. Article Published Date : May 30, 2013

Abstract Title: Effectiveness of aromatherapy with light thai massage for cellular immunity improvement in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Abstract Source: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013 ;14(6):3903-7. PMID: 23886205 Abstract Author(s): Santisith Khiewkhern, Supannee Promthet, Aemkhea Sukprasert, Wichai Eunhpinitpong, Peter Bradshaw Article Affiliation: Santisith Khiewkhern Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with colorectal cancer are usually treated with chemotherapy, which reduces the number of blood cells, especially white blood cells, and consequently increases the risk of infections. Some research studies have reported that aromatherapy massage affects the immune system and improves immune function by, for example, increasing the numbers of natural killer cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, there has been no report of any study which provided good evidence as to whether aromatherapy with Thai massage could improve the immune system in patients with colorectal cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the use of aromatherapy with light Thai massage in patients with colorectal cancer, who have received chemotherapy, can result in improvement of the cellular immunity and reduce the severity of the common symptoms of side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients with colorectal cancer in Phichit Hospital, Thailand, were enrolled in a single-blind, randomised-controlled trial. The intervention consisted of three massage sessions with ginger and coconut oil over a 1-week period. The control group received standard supportive care only. Assessments were conducted at pre-assessment and at the end of one week of massage or standard care. Changes from pre-assessment to the end of treatment were measured in terms of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4 and CD8 cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio and also the severity of self-rated symptom scores. RESULTS: The main finding was that after adjusting for pre-assessment values the mean lymphocyte count at the post-assessment was significantly higher (P=0.04) in the treatment group than in the controls. The size of this difference suggested that aromatherapy with Thai massage could boost lymphocyte numbers by 11%. The secondary outcomes were that at the post assessment the symptom severity scores for fatigue, presenting symptom, pain and stress were significantly lower in the massage group than in the standard care controls. CONCLUSIONS: Aromatherapy with light Thai massage can be beneficial for the immune systems of cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy by increasing the number of lymphocytes and can help to reduce the severity of common symptoms. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012

Abstract Title: Effect of aromatherapy massage on dysmenorrhea in Turkish students. Abstract Source: Pain Manag Nurs. 2012 Dec ;13(4):236-40. Epub 2010 Sep 15. PMID: 23158705 Abstract Author(s): Serap Ejder Apay, Sevban Arslan, Reva Balci Akpinar, Ayda Celebioglu Article Affiliation: Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy massage on dysmenorrhea. The study used a quasiexperimental design with the subjects as their own control. Every participant applied both aromatherapy massage with lavender oil and placebo massage with odorless liquid petrolatum [soft paraffin]. The population comprised 438 midwifery and nursing students. The 150 students who had declared that they had suffered from dysmenorrhea used a visual analog scale to indicate their level of pain. Higher scores reflected a greater severity of dysmenorrhea. Forty-four students volunteered to participate in the study. When the lavender massage and the placebo massage were compared, the visual analog scale score of the lavender massage was found to decrease at a statistically significant rate. This study showed that massage was effective in reducing dysmenorrhea. In addition, this study showed that the effect of aromatherapy massage on pain was higher than that of placebo massage. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2012

Abstract Title: Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Abstract Source: J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012 Mar 22. Epub 2012 Mar 22. PMID: 22435409 Abstract Author(s): Ming-Chiu Ou, Tsung-Fu Hsu, Andrew C Lai, Yu-Ting Lin, Chia-Ching Lin Article Affiliation: Departments of Applied Cosmetology Senior Citizen Welfare and Business, Hungkuang University IVF Taiwan Women's Well-Being Clinic, Taichung Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Lin-Li-Min Women and Children's Hospital, Beidou Township, Changhua County Graduate Institute of Gerontic Technology and Service Management, Nan Kai University of Technology, Caotun Township, Nantou County, Taiwan. Abstract: Aim:  This study assessed the effectiveness of blended essential oils on menstrual cramps for outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea and explored the analgesic ingredients in the essential oils. Material and Methods:  A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted. Forty-eight outpatients were diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea by a gynecologist and had 10-point numeric rating scales that were more than 5. The patients were randomly assigned to an essential oil group (n = 24) and a synthetic fragrance group (n = 24). Essential oils blended with lavender (Lavandula officinalis), clary sage (Salvia sclarea) and marjoram (Origanum majorana) in a 2:1:1 ratio was diluted in unscented cream at 3% concentration for the essential oil group. All outpatients used the cream daily to massage their lower abdomen from the end of the last menstruation continuing to the beginning of thenext menstruation. Results:  Both the numeric rating scale and the verbal rating scale significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after one menstrual cycle intervention in the two groups. The duration of pain was significantly reduced from 2.4 to 1.8 days after aromatherapy intervention in the essential oil group. Conclusion:  Aromatic oil massage provided relief for outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea and reduced the duration of menstrual pain in the essential oil group. The blended essential oils contain four key analgesic components that amount to as much as 79.29%; these analgesic constitutes are linalyl acetate, linalool, eucalyptol, and β-caryophyllene. This study suggests that this blended formulacan serve as a reference for alternative and complementary medicine on primary dysmenorrhea. Article Published Date : Mar 21, 2012

Abstract Title: [Effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer]. Abstract Source: Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2008 Aug ;38(4):493-502. PMID: 18753801 Abstract Author(s): So Young Chang Article Affiliation: Department of Nursing, Keimyung University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma hand massage on pain, state anxiety and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer. METHODS: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 58 hospice patients with terminal cancer who were hospitalized. Twenty eight hospice patients with terminal cancer were assigned to the experimental group (aroma hand massage), and 30 hospice patients with terminal cancer were assigned to the control group (general oil hand massage). As for the experimental treatment, the experimental group went through aroma hand massage on each hand for 5 min for 7 days with blended oil-a mixture of Bergamot, Lavender, and Frankincense in the ratio of 1:1:1, which was diluted 1.5% with sweet almond carrier oil 50 ml. The control group went through general oil hand massage by only sweet almond carrier oil-on each hand for 5 min for 7 days. RESULTS: The aroma hand massage experimental group showed more significant differences in the changes of pain score (t=-3.52, p=.001) and depression (t=-8.99, p=.000) than the control group. CONCLUSION: Aroma hand massage had a positive effect on pain and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2008