Abstract Title: Effect of low-level laser therapy on the healing process of donor site in patients with grade 3 burn ulcer after skin graft surgery (a randomized clinical trial). Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Apr ;33(3):603-607. Epub 2018 Jan 24. PMID: 29368069 Abstract Author(s): Reza Vaghardoost, Mahnoush Momeni, Nooshafarin Kazemikhoo, Soheila Mokmeli, Mostafa Dahmardehei, Fereshteh Ansari, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Parisa Sabr Joo, Sara Mey Abadi, Soheila Naderi Gharagheshlagh, Saeed Sassani Article Affiliation: Reza Vaghardoost Abstract: Skin graft is a standard therapeutic technique in patients with deep ulcers, but managing donor site after grafting is very important. Although several modern dressings are available to enhance the comfort of donor site, using techniques that accelerate wound healing may enhance patient satisfaction. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in several medical fields, including healing of diabetic, surgical, and pressure ulcers, but there is not any report of using this method for healing of donor site in burn patients. The protocols and informed consent were reviewed according to Medical Ethics Board of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR.SBMU.REC.1394.363) and Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2016020226069N2). Eighteen donor sites in 11 patients with grade 3 burn ulcer were selected. Donor areas were divided into 2 parts, for laser irradiation and control randomly. Laser area was irradiated by a red, 655-nm laser light, 150 mW, 2 J/cm, on days 0 (immediately after surgery), 3, 5, and 7. Dressing and other therapeutic care for both sites were the same. The patients and the person who analyzed the results were blinded. The size of donor site reduced in both groups during the 7-day study period (P < 0.01) and this reduction was significantly greater in the laser group (P = 0.01). In the present study, for the first time, we evaluate the effects of LLLT on the healing process of donor site in burn patients. The results showed that local irradiation of red laser accelerates wound healing process significantly. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Etiological periodontal treatment with and without low-level laser therapy on IL-1β level in gingival crevicular fluid: an in vivo multicentric pilot study. Abstract Source: J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018 Mar 26 ;32(2). Epub 2018 Mar 26. PMID: 29577710 Abstract Author(s): F Mastrangelo, A Dedola, F Cattoni, F Ferrini, F Bova, M Tatullo, E Gherlone, L Lo Muzio Article Affiliation: F Mastrangelo Abstract: Cytokine proteins may have important roles during different human physiological and pathological processes. In the oral cavity, the bone loss and periodontal tissue pathology was related to inflammatory process activation. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of etiological periodontal therapy with and without the use of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on clinical periodontal parameters and interleukin (IL)-1β level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. Thirty non-smoker CP patients were selected from the Foggia University Dental Clinic and other 2 private dental clinics. All patients were divided into two homogeneous randomized groups: 15 patients were treated with only scaling and root planing (group 1) and 15 patients with scaling and root planing etiological treatment and LLLT (group 2). In all sites, at baseline before treatment, the periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. In the PPD sites, the GCF samples were collected from 30 deep (≥5 mm) and shallow (≤3 mm) sites and IL-1β were evaluated at baseline, after 10 days and 1 month. In all the samples at baseline, the IL-1β concentration in GCF and BOP rate were significantly higher at deep PPD sites than at the shallow ones. After 10 days in all samples noPPD improvement was observed in the BOP rate but the IL-1 β level was statistically significantly improved (p<0.005) in group 2 compared to group 1. At 10 days and 1 month, in all deep PPD sites, PPD and BOP improvements were observed. At same time, IL-1β levels were lower and statistically significantly (p<0.005) improved in group 2 compared to group 1. The results confirmed that the periodontal etiology treatment of deep PPD sites with or with-out associated LLLT promotes periodontal health. Etiological treatment associated with LLLT, improves BOP and inflammation in periodontal disease. Moreover, the IL-1β concentration changes in GCF suggest these cytokines as a predictable marker of gingival inflammation in chronic periodontitis patients. Article Published Date : Mar 25, 2018

Abstract Title: Protective effects of photobiomodulation against resistance exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation in rats. Abstract Source: J Sports Sci. 2018 Mar 26:1-9. Epub 2018 Mar 26. PMID: 29578836 Abstract Author(s): Helenita Antonia de Oliveira, Ednei Luiz Antonio, Flávio André Silva, Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho, Regiane Feliciano, Amanda Yoshizaki, Stella de Souza Vieira, Brunno Lemes de Melo, Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior, Rodrigo Labat, Danilo Sales Bocalini, José Antonio Silva Junior, Paulo José Ferreira Tucci, Andrey Jorge Serra Article Affiliation: Helenita Antonia de Oliveira Abstract: We investigated whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) prior to or post resistance exercise could attenuate muscle damage and inflammation. Female Wistar rats were assigned to non-LLLT or LLLT groups. An 830-nm DMC Laser Photon III was used to irradiate their hind legs with 2J, 4J, and 8J doses. Irradiations were performed prior to or post (4J) resistance exercise bouts. Resistance exercise consisted of four maximum load climbs. The load work during a resistance exercise bout was similar between Control (non-LLLT, 225 ± 10 g), 2J (215 ± 8 g), 4J (210 ± 9 g), and 8J (226 ± 9 g) groups. Prior LLLT did not induce climbing performance improvement, but exposure to 4J irradiation resulted in lower blood lactate levels post-exercise. The 4J dose decreased creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase levelspost-exercise regardless of the time of application. Moreover, 4-J irradiation exposure significantly attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. There was minor macrophage muscle infiltration in 4J-exposed rats. These data indicate that LLLT prior to or post resistance exercise can reduce muscle damage and inflammation, resulting in muscle recovery improvement. We attempted to determine an ideal LLLT dose for suitable results, wherein 4J irradiation exposure showed a significantprotective role. Article Published Date : Mar 25, 2018

Abstract Title: The effect of combined pulsed wave low-level laser therapy and mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium on the healing of an infected wound with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus in diabetic rats. Abstract Source: J Cell Biochem. 2018 Mar 25. Epub 2018 Mar 25. PMID: 29574990 Abstract Author(s): Reza Kouhkheil, Mohammadjavad Fridoni, Abbas Piryaei, Soudabeh Taheri, Alireza S Chirani, Iraj J Anarkooli, Reza Nejatbakhsh, Sasha Shafikhani, Lucia A Schuger, Vijaya B Reddy, Seyed Kamran Ghoreishi, Reza Jalalifirouzkouhi, Sufan Chien, Mohammad Bayat Article Affiliation: Reza Kouhkheil Abstract: This study aims to investigate the combined effects of Pulsed wave low-level laser therapy (PW LLLT) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (hBM-MSC-CM) on the microbial flora and tensiometrical properties of an infected wound model with methicillin-resistant staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) in an experimental model for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM). TIDM was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ). One full-thickness excision was made on the backs of the rats. Next, the rats were divided into the following groups: Group 1 was the control (placebo) group; Group 2 received hBM-MSCs-CM four times; Group 3 were laser PWLLLT (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.2 J/cm); and Group 4 received hBM-MSCs-CM +LASER. Wounds were infected with MRSA. Microbiological examinations were performed on days 4, 7, and 15. Tensiometerical examinations were carried out on the 15th day. One-way analysis of variance showed that laser and CM alone and/or in combination significantly increases the tensiomerical properties of the repaired wounds compared with control wounds. A combination of PW laser and CM was statistically more effective than other treated groups. Two-way analysis of variance showed that laser and CM alone and/or in combination significantly decreases the colony-forming units (CFUs) compared with the control group. The application of hBM-MSC-CM and PWlaser alone and/or together significantly accelerates the wound-healing process in MRSA-infected cutaneous wounds in TI DM in rats. Additionally, a combined application of hBM-MSC-CM and PWlaser demonstrates a synergistic effect on the wound-healing process in MRSA-infected cutaneous wounds in Type I DM rats. Article Published Date : Mar 24, 2018

Abstract Title: Efficiencies of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Gabapentin in the Management of Peripheral Neuropathy: Diabetic Neuropathy. Abstract Source: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2018 Mar 12. Epub 2018 Mar 12. PMID: 29527628 Abstract Author(s): Khaled G Abdel-Wahhab, Eitedal M Daoud, Aliaa El Gendy, Hagar H Mourad, Fathia A Mannaa, Maha M Saber Article Affiliation: Khaled G Abdel-Wahhab Abstract: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the highly occurred complication of diabetes mellitus; it has been defined as an event of peripheral nerve dysfunction characterized by pain, allodynia, hyperalgesia, and paraesthesia. The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the management of neuropathy in diabetic rats. The used animals were divided into the following groups: negative control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and diabetic rats with peripheral neuropathy (DNP) and DNP treated with gabapentin or with LLLT. Behavioral tests were carried out through hotplate test for the determination of pain sensations and the Morris water maze test for spatial reference memory evaluation. Blood samples were collected at the end of treatment for biochemical determinations. In the current study, the latency of hind-paw lick decreased significantly when DNP are treated with gabapentin or LLLT. The Morris water maze test showed that LLLT treatment improved memory that deteriorated in DNP more than gabapentin do. The results of the biochemical study revealed that LLLT could not affect the level of beta-endorphin that decreased in DNP but significantly decreased S100B that rose in DNP. PGE2 and cytokines IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α showed significant increase in DNP compared with control group. The gabapentin administration or LLLT application significantly reversed the levels of the mentioned markers towards the normal values of the controls. Levels of serum MDA and nitric oxide increased significantly in the DNP but rGSH showed significant decrease. These markers were improved significantly when the DNP were treated with gabapentin or LLLT. The treatment with gabapentin or LLLT significantly decreased the raised level in total cholesterol in DNP but could not decrease the elevated level of triglycerides, while LDL cholesterol decreased significantly in DNP treated with gabapentin but not affected by LLLT. Values of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), urea, and creatinine increased significantly in the DPN and diabetic rats without peripheral neuropathy (PN) compared with control group. The treatment of DNP with gabapentin induced significant increases in ALAT and ASAT activities but LLLT treatment induced significant decreases in ALAT and ASAT activities as compared with DNP group. Neither gabapentin nor LLLT could improve the elevated levels of serum urea and creatinine in the DNP. It could be concluded that LLLT is more safe and effective than gabapentin in the management of neuropathy in diabetic rats. Article Published Date : Mar 11, 2018

Abstract Title: Evaluation of laser therapy and alpha-lipoic acid for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Mar 3. Epub 2018 Mar 3. PMID: 29502160 Abstract Author(s): Natália Guimarães Barbosa, Amanda Katarinny Goes Gonzaga, Luzia Leiros de Sena Fernandes, Aldilane Gonçalves da Fonseca, Salomão Israel Monteiro Lourenço Queiroz, Telma Maria Araújo Moura Lemos, Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira, Ana Miryam Costa de Medeiros Article Affiliation: Natália Guimarães Barbosa Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and secondary oral burning (SOB) by unstimulated sialometry, symptom assessment, and measurement of salivary TNF-α levels. Forty-four patients were randomized into four treatment groups: BMS/laser (n = 10), BMS/ALA (n = 5), SOB/laser (n = 15), and SOB/ALA (n = 14). The control group consisted of eight healthy female subjects. Unstimulated salivary flow was measured before and after treatment, andthe collected saliva was stored at - 20 °C for the analysis of TNF-α. Symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment using a pain visual analog scale. Most patients were women (81.8%) during menopause (72.2%). LLLT and ALA were efficient in increasing salivary flow only in BMS but providedsymptom relief in both conditions. TNF-α levels did not differ between patients with BMS and SOB or between those patients and the control group. No differences were observed in posttreatment TNF-α levels in either condition. The results of this study suggest that LLLT and ALA are efficient therapies in reducing burning mouth symptoms, with LLLT being more efficient than ALA. Article Published Date : Mar 02, 2018

Abstract Title: Contribution of photodynamic therapy in wound healing: A systematic review. Abstract Source: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018 Mar ;21:294-305. Epub 2017 Dec 28. PMID: 29289704 Abstract Author(s): Vanessa Nesi-Reis, Daniele Stéfanie Sara Lopes Lera-Nonose, Jully Oyama, Marielle Priscila Paula Silva-Lalucci, Izabel Galhardo Demarchi, Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides, Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira, Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira, Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni Article Affiliation: Vanessa Nesi-Reis Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We researched articles that used photodynamic therapy (PDT) for skin wound healing in humans. METHODS: The systematic review was conducted through scientific articles that investigated the action of PDT on wound healing in humans, published from July 2005 to March 2017, in the data bases PubMed and LILACS. RESULTS: The main types of wound described in selected articles in this review were chronic ulcer and non-melanoma skin cancer. For accomplishing the PDT, second generation of photosensitizing agents with laser or light emitting diode were used. The studies demonstrated that PDT contribute in several ways to the wound healing process: leading to cellular death; reducing or increasing inflammation; stimulating fibroblasts proliferation and, consequently, of collagen and elastin; raising transforming growth factor beta and metalloproteinases. Based on this, PDT provided good results in wound healing process, acting in several steps and accelerating tissue repair. CONCLUSIONS: PDT improved healing in many wound models in humans, revealing itself as a promising therapeutic modality for stimulating wound healing and remodelling. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2018

Abstract Title: Efficacy of photodynamic therapy or low level laser therapy against steroid therapy in the treatment of erosive-atrophic oral lichen planus. Abstract Source: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018 Mar ;21:404-408. Epub 2018 Feb 4. PMID: 29414735 Abstract Author(s): Sana Mirza, Navedur Rehman, Ali Alrahlah, Wa'ad Rafa Alamri, Fahim Vohra Article Affiliation: Sana Mirza Abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or low level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) is debatable. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of PDT, LLLT or topical corticosteroid application in the treatment of erosive-atrophic OLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five adult patients with erosive-atrophic biopsy-proven OLP on the tongue or buccal mucosa (size≤3 cm) were randomly divided into three groups. Group-1: patients receiving PDT topical application of 50 μl toluidine blue (1 mg/ml) with micropipette and after 10 min treated by laser irradiation using GaAlAs laser (630 nm, 10 mW/cm, continuous wave, spot size: 1 cm); Group-2: patients receiving LLLT using diode laser (630 nm, 10 mW, continuous wave, spot size: 1 cm); and Group-3: patients receiving topical corticosteroid applications consisting of dexamethasone (0.5 mg in 5 ml water) mouthwash for 5 min. Demographic data, type, and severity of the lesions and pain were recorded before and after treatment and then at the 1 year follow-up. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in sign score changes before and after the treatment in the PDT group (p = 0.03), LLLT group (p = 0.04) and in the control group (p = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference between group-1 (p = 0.001) and group-2 (p = 0.001) against group-3 before and after treatment. Mean amount of improvement in pain was significantly greater in the control group in comparison with the PDT and LLLT groups (p < 0.001). The efficacy index of the PDT group improved significantly more than the LLLT (p = 0.001) and corticosteroid groups (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present RCT, it is indicated that PDT and LLLT are effective in the treatment of erosive-atrophic forms of OLP in adult patients. However, further comparative clinical trials are needed to obtain strong conclusions in this regard. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2018

Abstract Title: Ultrasound plus low-level laser therapy for knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Abstract Source: Rheumatol Int. 2018 Feb 26. Epub 2018 Feb 26. PMID: 29480363 Abstract Author(s): Fernanda Rossi Paolillo, Alessandra Rossi Paolillo, Jessica Patrícia João, Daniele Frascá, Marcelo Duchêne, Herbert Alexandre João, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato Article Affiliation: Fernanda Rossi Paolillo Abstract: This study evaluated the synergistic effects of ultrasound (US) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with or without therapeutic exercises (TE) in women with knee osteoarthritis. Forty-two Caucasian women with knee osteoarthritis were allocated into three groups: (1) the placebo group who did not perform TE, but the prototype without emitting light or ultrasonic waves was applied, (2) the US + LLLT group in which only the prototype was applied and (3) the TE + US + LLLT group that performed TE before the prototype was applied. However, 35 women completed the full clinical trial. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) using an algometer and functional performance during the sit-to-stand test were carried out. The average PPT levels increased for US + LLLT (41 ± 9 to 54 ± 15 N, p < 0.01) and TE + US + LLLT (32 ± 8 to 45 ± 9 N, p < 0.01) groups. The number of sit-to-stands was significantly higher for all groups. However, the change between pre-treatment and post-treatment (delta value) was greater for the US + LLLT (4 ± 1) and TE + US + LLLT groups (5 ± 1) than for the placebo group (2 ± 1) witha significant intergroup difference (p < 0.05). This study showed reduced pain and increased physical functionality after 3 months of US + LLLT with and without TE. Article Published Date : Feb 25, 2018

Abstract Title: Infrared Laser Improves Collagen Organization in Muscle and Tendon Tissue During the Process of Compensatory Overload. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2018 Feb 21. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 29466099 Abstract Author(s): Stella Maris Lins Terena, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Aldo Brugnera Junior, Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva, Eric Moreno Ramos Magalhães, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari Article Affiliation: Stella Maris Lins Terena Abstract: BACKGROUND: The photobiomodulation using the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) exerts a positive modulating effect on the synthesis of collagen in skeletal muscles and tendons. However, few studies have addressed this effect during the compensatory overload. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of infrared laser on the deposition and organization of collagen fibers in muscle and tendon tissue during compensatory overload of the plantar muscle in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were submitted to bilateral ablation of the synergist muscles of the hind paws and divided in groups: Control, Hypertrophy, and Hypertrophy (H)+LLLT (780 nm, 40 mW, 9.6 J/cmand 10 s/point, 8 points, total energy 3.2 J, daily), evaluated at 7 and 14 days. Muscle cuts were stained with Picrosirius-Red and hematoxylin-eosin and tendon cuts were submitted to birefringence for determination of collagen distribution and organization. RESULTS: After 7 days an increase was observed in the area between beam muscles in H+LLLT (25.45% ± 2.56) in comparison to H (20.3% ± 3.31), in mature fibers and fibrilis in H+LLLT (29346.88 μm ± 2182.56; 47602.8 μm ± 2201.86 respectively) in comparison to H (26656.5 μm ± 1880.46; 45630.34 μm ± 2805.82 respectively) and in the collagen area in H+LLLT (2.25% ± 0.19) in comparison to H (2.0% ± 0.15). However, after 14 days a reduction was observed in the area between beam muscles in H+LLLT (13.88% ± 2.54) in comparison to H (19.1% ± 2.61), in fibrils and mature fibers in H+LLLT (17174.1 μm ± 2563.82; 32634.04 μm ± 1689.38 respectively) in comparison to H (55249.86 μm ± 1992.65; 44318.36 μm ± 1759.57) and in the collagen area in H+LLLT (1.76% ± 0.16) in comparison to H (2.09 ± 0.27). A greater organization of collagen fibers in the tendon was observed after 7 and 14 days in H+LLLT groups. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared laser irradiation induces an improvement in collagen organization in tendons and a reduction in the total area of collagen in muscles during compensatory atrophy following the ablation of synergist muscles. Article Published Date : Feb 20, 2018

Abstract Title: Quercetin and low level laser therapy promote wound healing process in diabetic rats via structural reorganization and modulatory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress. Abstract Source: Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Feb 21 ;101:58-73. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 29477473 Abstract Author(s): Osama M Ahmed, Tarek Mohamed, Hala Moustafa, Hany Hamdy, Rasha R Ahmed, Ebtsam Aboud Article Affiliation: Osama M Ahmed Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin and the photo-stimulatory effect of low energy 632.8 nm laser irradiation on excisional wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally applied for diabetes induction. A full-thickness skin wound (2 × 2 cm) was aseptically created with a scalpel in non-diabetic and diabetic rats on the shaved back of the animals. The wounded non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated every other day with quercetin by oral gavage at dose 25 mg/kg body weight and/or with low level laser therapy (LLLT) for 14 days. The wound closure percent calculated during the course of the experiment at days 1, 7 and 14 was remarkably increased as a result of treatment of non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT; the treatmentwith both was the most potent. The elevated blood glucose and the lowered serum insulin levels were significantly improved in diabetic wounded rats treated with quercetin and LLLT as compared to the diabetic wounded control. The histological findings indicated that the wounded skin showed a markedincrease in collagen fibers which become well oriented in sub-epidermal tissue, intact epidermis and presence of hyperplasia covering well-developed granulation tissue in the wounded rats treated with quercetin and LLLT as compared to the corresponding wounded control. The elevated levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as PGE-2 and LTB-4 were decreased in non-diabetic and diabetic wounded rats with quercetin and LLLT while the lowered level of serum anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was increased. The augmented oxidative stress represented by increased serum lipid peroxides level was decreased and the serum level of non-enzymatic anti-oxidant glutathione was increased as a result of treatment with quercetin and LLLT. Thus, it can be suggested that the improvements in glycemic state, cytokines involved in inflammation and antioxidant defense system as well as structural reorganization after treatment with quercetin and LLLT may play pivotal roles in promoting the wound healing process. The study also concluded that the treatment with quercetin in association with LLLT was better in improving wound healing in non-diabetic and diabetic rats than the use of either of each. Article Published Date : Feb 20, 2018

Abstract Title: The effects of transcutaneous low-level laser therapy on the skin healing process: an experimental model. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Jan 6. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PMID: 29306974 Abstract Author(s): Felipe Scholz Ramos, Laura Beatriz Mesiano Maifrino, Sarah Alves, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves, Matheus Moreira Perez, David Feder, Ligia Ajaime Azzalis, Virginia Berlanga Campos Junqueira, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca Article Affiliation: Felipe Scholz Ramos Abstract: We aim to evaluate the action of transcutaneous laser in the initial wound healing process. The use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has proven to be effective on inflammatory modulation and wound healing. The trial was performed on five groups of rats, through a dorsal incision. All groups received treatment on auricular artery. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with transcutaneous LLLT over a period of 15 min. Groups 2 and 4 received one and two inactive laser applications (placebo), respectively. Group 5 was the control one. Blood samples were collected 2 h after the last application of LLLT so that cytokine levels could be measured by ELISA. Tissue fragments were harvested for morphometric, histomorphometric, and RT-qPCR analyses. The morphometric analysis revealed a greater decrease in the wounded area in G1 when compared with G2, whereas in G3, the improvement in the area was greater when compared with G4. Finally, the histomorphometric analysis showed that G1 was the group closer to G5in terms of collagen fiber count. G2 and G4 had higher amounts of collagen fibers than G5 while G3 had a lower quantity. The use of the transcutaneous LLLT in the current study influenced the wound healing process. Article Published Date : Jan 05, 2018

Abstract Title: Optimal management of orthodontic pain. Abstract Source: J Pain Res. 2018 ;11:589-598. Epub 2018 Mar 16. PMID: 29588616 Abstract Author(s): Francielle Topolski, Alexandre Moro, Gisele Maria Correr, Sasha Cristina Schimim Article Affiliation: Francielle Topolski Abstract: Pain is an undesirable side effect of orthodontic tooth movement, which causes many patients to give up orthodontic treatment or avoid it altogether. The aim of this study was to investigate, through an analysis of the scientific literature, the best method for managing orthodontic pain. The methodological aspects involved careful definition of keywords and diligent search in databases of scientific articles published in the English language, without any restriction of publication date. We recovered 1281 articles. After the filtering and classification of these articles, 56 randomized clinical trials were selected. Of these, 19 evaluated the effects of different types of drugs for the control of orthodontic pain, 16 evaluated the effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic pain, and 21 evaluated other methods of pain control. Drugs reported as effective in orthodontic pain control included ibuprofen, paracetamol, naproxen sodium, aspirin, etoricoxib, meloxicam, piroxicam, and tenoxicam. Most studies report favorable outcomes in terms of alleviation of orthodontic pain with the use of low-level laser therapy. Nevertheless, we noticed that there is no consensus, both for the drug and for laser therapy, on the doses and clinical protocols most appropriate for orthodontic pain management. Alternative methods for orthodontic pain control can also broaden the clinician's range of options in the search for better patient care. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Adjunct Use of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Treatment of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis: A Case Report. Abstract Source: J Lasers Med Sci. 2018 ;9(1):73-75. Epub 2017 Dec 26. PMID: 29399316 Abstract Author(s): Seda Sevinç Özberk, Hasan Gündoğar, Süleyman Ziya Şenyurt, Kamile Erciyas Article Affiliation: Seda Sevinç Özberk Abstract: Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease of the gingiva in the context of an impaired host response. This form of gingivitis is relatively rare. NUG is an infection characterized by gingival necrosis presenting as"punched-out"papillae, spontaneous bleeding, pain, oral malodor, and pseudomembrane formation. The primary predisposing factors are bacterial plaque and an inadequate diet, but smoking and psychological stress may also affect the disease severity. NUG is associated with a characteristic bacterial flora, which includes fusiform bacteria, spirochetes, and Prevotella intermedia. Conventional treatment includes control of both the bacterial plaque and the secondary factors, as well as topical or systemic treatment biostimulative effect on wound healing, pain control, and inflammatory processes. Patients with NUG were treated using adjunct use of a diode laser (980 nm) for the control of pain and to accelerate the wound healing at day 2. 3. 5. 9, energy density was 9 J/cm. After treatment, the patients' quality of life improved faster than with conventional treatment. These results suggest that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is an effective treatment for the reduction of pain levels and healing times. As a result, our case report shows that LLTT has a positive effect in relieving the symptoms of NUG. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: High-voltage pulsed electric field plus photodynamic therapy kills breast cancer cells by triggering apoptosis. Abstract Source: Am J Transl Res. 2018 ;10(2):334-351. Epub 2018 Feb 15. PMID: 29511429 Abstract Author(s): Haixia Zhang, Kuangpeng Liu, Zhixiao Xue, Huijuan Yin, Huajiang Dong, Wendong Jin, Xiafei Shi, Han Wang, Hai Wang Article Affiliation: Haixia Zhang Abstract: This study evaluated the effects and mechanism of action of combining irreversible electroporation (IRE) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in breast cancer cellsand. Jin's formula was used to assess killing efficacy of different IRE+PDT dosing combinations in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Flow cytometry, high-content imaging, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to detect apoptosis. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. IRE+PDT combination therapy was administered to BALB/C mice with breast cancer tumors in vivo; tumor size was used to assess treatment efficacy. Killing mechanisms were examined using transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. We found that IRE+PDT combination therapy produced significant synergistic killing effects in breast cancer cells (highest Jin q value of 1.32). Early apoptosis rates were significantly higher in the IRE+PDT group (16.0%) than in IRE-alone (7.6%) and PDT-alone (4.6%) groups (<0.05). qRT-PCR showed higher Caspase-1, -3, -5, -6, -7, -8, and -9 and TNFRSF1A expression with IRE+PDT than with control. Western blots showed increased cleaved Caspase-3, -7, and -9, and PARP levels in the IRE+PDT group.tumor suppression rate for IRE (1200 V)+PDT (10 mg/kg) was 68.3%. Combination therapy produced the most obvious apoptosis effects. Compared with controls, the IRE+PDT group exhibited lower new blood vessel (VEGF, CD31), metastasis (TGF-β), and cell proliferation (Ki-67) indicators and higher inflammation indicator (TNF-α) 1 day post-treatment. Thus, combining IRE and PDT enhanced their anti-tumor effects in breast cancer, and apoptosis played a key role in this process. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Comparison of Photobiomodulation and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Tissue Repair on Collagenase-Induced Achilles Tendon Inflammation in Rats. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Dec 21. Epub 2017 Dec 21. PMID: 29265910 Abstract Author(s): Ingvill Fjell Naterstad, Rafael Paolo Rossi, Rodrigo Labat Marcos, Nivaldo Antonio Parizzoto, Lucio Frigo, Jón Joensen, Patrícia Sardinha Leonardo Lopes Martins, Jan Magnus Bjordal, Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão Lopes-Martins Article Affiliation: Ingvill Fjell Naterstad Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tendinopathy is characterized by pain, edema, and structural changes in tendon tissue. OBJECTIVE: In this animal study we decided to compare the short- and medium-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), dexamethasone, and diclofenac on inflammation and tendon tissue repair in collagenase-induced tendinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred five female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Animals in the control group were given a saline injection and the experimental groups received a collagenase injection (100 μg/tendon) in the peritendinous Achilles and received no treatment, LLLT (3 J, 810 nm, 100 mW), diclofenac (1.1 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (0.02 mg/kg). Histological analyses were performed at 10 time points up to 60 days (n = 5/group each time point), and included an assessment of the severity of inflammation, collagen fiber content, and organization. RESULTS: Collagenase injection induced a severe inflammatory reaction with significant reduction in collagen content for 48 h, and disorientation of collagen fibers lasting between 14 and 21 days. Diclofenac and dexamethasone reduced inflammatory signs during the first 2 days, although there was prolongation of the inflammatory phase and slower normalization of tendon quality, particularly in the dexamethasone group.LLLT prevented hemorrhage, reduced inflammation severity, and preserved tendon morphology compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT showed a significant superiority over commonly used anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical agents in acute collagenase-induced tendinitis. Article Published Date : Dec 20, 2017

Abstract Title: [Laser therapy for mens infertility. Part 2. Systematic review of clinical trials]. Abstract Source: Urologiia. 2017 Dec(6):164-171. PMID: 29376616 Abstract Author(s): O I Apolikhin, S V Moskvin Article Affiliation: O I Apolikhin Abstract: Male infertility is a multifactorial syndrome associated with a wide range of pathological conditions affecting both the sexual and other body systems: endocrine, nervous, blood, and immune. Laser therapy is a form of modern physiotherapy that applies low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) in various parts of the body. It is widely used in all areas of modern medicine due to its high efficiency, ease of use, the absence of contraindications and side effects. The authors reviewed the results of 171 studies investigating laser therapy, of which 93 were experimental (20 in Russian and 73 international publications), four clinical and experimental (all in Russian), 74 clinical (73 in Russian and 1 in English).Along with domestic literature, publications in Russian from Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine were also reviewed. The review suggests that laser therapy should be used as much as possible in the management of male infertility not just due to high effectiveness, but also because of the lack of alternatives. For local application, optimal laser irradiation regimens are pulsed LILI of red (635 nm) and infrared (904 nm) spectra. For intravenous laser blood irradiation, the authors recommend alternating a continuous LILI with a wavelength of 635 nm (red spectrum) and 365 nm (ultraviolet spectrum). Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2017

Abstract Title: PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF ORAL MUCOSITIS: PILOT STUDY WITH PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING CHEMOTHERAPY. Abstract Source: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2017 Nov 22. Epub 2017 Nov 22. PMID: 29175466 Abstract Author(s): Vânia Cavalcanti Ribeiro da Silva, Fabiana Moura da Motta Silveira, Gabriela Souza Lima, Mônica Moreira Dias da Cruz, Arnaldo de França Caldas Júnior, Gustavo Pina Godoy Article Affiliation: Vânia Cavalcanti Ribeiro da Silva Abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis has become a major factor dose-limiting toxicity of antineoplastic treatment. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in pediatric patients. METHODS: An open, controlled, and blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 29 patients, from 10 months to 18 years old, who were divided into two groups. Group A was submitted to photodynamic therapy (0.01% Methylene Blue and red laser,λ660nm) with 3J energy per point; and Group B submitted to low level laser therapy (λ660nm) with 1J energy per point. The results were evaluated by using the WHO and ChIMES mucositis scales. The Chi-square, Exact Fisher, Student's-t and Mann-Whitney tests, and the mixed linear regression model were used for comparison between the groups, with the maximum error admitted of 5%. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups as regards the number of sessions necessary for clinical cure of the oral lesions (p=0.954) or reduction in pain reported by the patients (p=0.258; p=0.486). Within each group, however, there was significant reduction in pain (p=0.032; p=0.003). The number needed to treat (NNT) was 4.75. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results the authors concluded that both PDT and LLLT could be used for the treatment of oral mucositis in children/young patients, because it was well tolerated and presented satisfactory results in reducing pain associated with the lesion. Article Published Date : Nov 21, 2017

Abstract Title: Anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy on human periodontal ligament cells: in vitro study. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Nov 7. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PMID: 29116611 Abstract Author(s): Ji-Hua Lee, Min-Hsuan Chiang, Ping-Ho Chen, Mei-Ling Ho, Huey-Er Lee, Yan-Hsiung Wang Article Affiliation: Ji-Hua Lee Abstract: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is commonly treated with surgical and nonsurgical techniques. However, both approaches have limitations. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely applied in reducing inflammatory reactions, and research indicates that LLLT induces an anti-inflammatory effect that may enhance periodontal disease therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of LLLT on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in an inflammatory environment and aimed to determine the possible mechanism of action. Cells were cultured and treated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphryromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli, followed by irradiation with a gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (660 nm) at an energy density of 8 J/cm2. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to examine nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to monitor the concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Both LPS treatments significantly induced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, LLLT inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and elevated intracellular levels of cAMP. The LLLT inhibitory effect may function by downregulating NF-κB transcriptional activity and by increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP. LLLT might inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in hPDLCs through cAMP/NF-κB regulation. These results should be further studied to improve periodontal therapy. Article Published Date : Nov 06, 2017

Abstract Title: Effects of photobiomodulation on experimental models of peripheral nerve injury. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Oct 23. Epub 2017 Oct 23. PMID: 29063472 Abstract Author(s): L Andreo, C B Soldera, B G Ribeiro, P R V de Matos, S K Bussadori, K P S Fernandes, R A Mesquita-Ferrari Article Affiliation: L Andreo Abstract: Phototherapy has demonstrated positive effects in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, but there is a need to investigate the dosimetric parameters. Thus, the aim of the present study was to conduct a literature review on the effects of photobiomodulation with the use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in experimental models. The databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and SPIE Digital Library were searched for articles on the use of LLLT in experimental models of peripheral nerve injury published in English between January 2007 and March 2016. The laser parameter variability was wavelength (632.8 to 980 nm), power (10 to 190 mW), and total energy (0.15 to 90 J) in pulsed or continuous wave and single or multiple points. Eighteen original articles demonstrating the effects of LLLT on the acceleration of functional recovery, morphological aspects as well as the modulation of the expression inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors were selected. LLLT is a viable phototherapeutic modality for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, demonstrating positive effects on the neuromuscular repair process using either red or infrared light. The majority of studies used a power of up to 50 mW andtotal energy of up to 15 J administered to multiple points. The determination of these parameters is important to the standardization of a LLLT protocol to enhance the regeneration process following a peripheral nerve injury. Article Published Date : Oct 22, 2017

Abstract Title: Photobiomodulation therapy promotes neurogenesis by improving post-stroke local microenvironment and stimulating neuroprogenitor cells. Abstract Source: Exp Neurol. 2017 Oct 19. Epub 2017 Oct 19. PMID: 29056360 Abstract Author(s): Luodan Yang, Donovan Tucker, Yan Dong, Chongyun Wu, Yujiao Lu, Yong Li, Juan Zhang, Timon Cheng-Yi Liu, Quanguang Zhang Article Affiliation: Luodan Yang Abstract: Recent work has indicated that photobiomodulation (PBM) may beneficially alter the pathological status of several neurological disorders, although the mechanism currently remains unclear. The current study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of PBM on behavioral deficits and neurogenesis in a photothrombotic (PT) model of ischemic stroke in rats. From day 1 to day 7 after the establishment of PT model, 2-minute daily PBM (CW, 808nm, 350mW/cm(2), total 294J at scalp level) was applied on the infarct injury area (1.8mm anterior to the bregma and 2.5mm lateral from the midline). Rats received intraperitoneal injections of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) twice daily (50mg/kg) from day 2 to 8 post-stoke, and samples were collected at day 14. We demonstrated that PBM significantly attenuated behavioral deficits and infarct volume induced by PT stroke. Further investigation displayed that PBM remarkably enhanced neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, as evidenced by immunostaining of BrdU, Ki67, DCX, MAP2, spinophilin, and synaptophysin. Mechanistic studies suggested beneficial effects of PBM were accompanied by robust suppression of reactive gliosis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, cytochrome c oxidase activity and ATP production in peri-infarct regions were elevated following PBM treatment. Intriguingly, PBM could effectively switch an M1 microglial phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Our novel findings indicated that PBM is capable of promoting neurogenesis after ischemic stroke. The underlying mechanisms may rely on: 1) promotion of proliferation and differentiation of internal neuroprogenitor cells in the peri-infarct zone; 2) improvement of the neuronal microenvironment by altering inflammatory status and promoting mitochondrial function. These findings provide strong support for the promising therapeutic effect of PBM on neuronal repair following ischemic stroke. Article Published Date : Oct 18, 2017

Abstract Title: Photobiomodulation Therapy Alleviates Tissue Fibroses Associated with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Two Case Reports and Putative Anti-Fibrotic Roles of TGF-β. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Oct 19. Epub 2017 Oct 19. PMID: 29053051 Abstract Author(s): Joel B Epstein, Judith E Raber-Durlacher, Marie-Charlotte Huysmans, Maria C E Schoordijk, Jerry E Cheng, Rene-Jean Bensadoun, Praveen R Arany Article Affiliation: Joel B Epstein Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Patients who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may experience oral complications due to chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The manifestations may include progressive sclerosis-like changes that may involve various body sites, including the oropharynx. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present two cGVHD cases of oropharyngeal fibrotic changes that affected functions that were treated with photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. These case reports suggest that PBM therapy represents an additional, innovative approach affecting discrete phases in cGVHD-associated fibrotic changes. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss these observations in the context of currently understood molecular mechanisms, especially induction of transforming growth factor beta and NFκB that appear to be counter-intuitive to their known roles in matrix synthesis and inflammation that contribute to tissue fibroses. The clinical benefit noted in the two cases presented clearly indicates that there are distinct mechanistic and biological insights in the regulation of these molecular pathways in determining therapeutic efficacy with PBM therapy. Article Published Date : Oct 18, 2017

Abstract Title: Long-term results of a randomized, controlled, double-blind study of low-level laser therapy before exercises in knee osteoarthritis: laser and exercises in knee osteoarthritis. Abstract Source: Clin Rehabil. 2017 Aug 1:269215517723162. Epub 2017 Aug 1. PMID: 28776408 Abstract Author(s): Patrícia Pereira Alfredo, Jan Magnus Bjordal, Washington Steagall Junior, RodrigoÁlvaro Brandão Lopes Martins, Martin B Stausholm, Raquel Aparecida Casarotto, Amélia Pasqual Marques, Jon Joensen Article Affiliation: Patrícia Pereira Alfredo Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), in combination with strengthening exercises in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. DESIGN: Follow-up results at three and six months in a previously published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Specialist Rehabilitation Services. SUBJECTS: Forty participants of both genders, aged 50-75 years with knee osteoarthritis grade 2-4 on Kellgren-Lawrence scale. INTERVENTION: The LLLT group received 10 LLLT treatments with invisible infrared laser (904 nm, 3 Joules/point) over three weeks followed by an eight-week supervised strengthening exercise program. The placebo LLLT group received identical treatment, but the infrared laser output was disabled. MAIN MEASURES: Pain on a visual analogue scale, paracetamol consumption, and osteoarthritis severity measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lequesne Index. RESULTS: The new data obtained during the follow-up period showed that all outcomes remained stable and there were no significant differences between the groups at three and six months. However, daily consumption of rescue analgesics (paracetamol) was significantly lower in the LLLT group throughout the follow-up period, ending at a group difference of 0.45 vs. 3.40 units ( P < 0.001) at six months follow-up. We conclude that within the limitations of this small study, the previously reported improvement after LLLT plus exercise was maintained for a period of six months. CONCLUSION: We find that the immediate post-intervention improvements from LLLT plus strengthening exercises were maintained for six months. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Bone Regeneration During Osseointegration and Bone Graft. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Jul 21. Epub 2017 Jul 21. PMID: 28742438 Abstract Author(s): Randa Zein, Wayne Selting, Stefano Benedicenti Article Affiliation: Randa Zein Abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone regeneration during osseointegration and bone graft is very controversial. Despite many positive reports of in vitro and in vivo studies and more than 50 randomized clinical trials claiming a positive effect of photobiomodulation (PBM), many reports found no significant effect of lasers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate studies correlating PBM and bone regeneration and to assesses parameters that produce positive results based on dose and output power used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four electronic databases were used: PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. RESULTS: The research yielded 230 articles. The full texts of all articles were evaluated and scored using eligibility criteria adapted from Cericato et al. After evaluation, only 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: A positive effect of low-level laser energy on bone regeneration within a certain relationship between dose and output power was found. LLLT stimulates cellular metabolism, increasing protein synthesis and subsequent bone regeneration. A high dose combined with low power or a low dose combined with high power appears to produce a positive effect. Article Published Date : Jul 20, 2017

Abstract Title: Comparison of laser and ozone treatments on oral mucositis in an experimental model. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Apr ;32(3):673-677. Epub 2017 Feb 11. PMID: 28190112 Abstract Author(s): Suzan Bayer, Hakki Oguz Kazancioglu, Ahmet Hüseyin Acar, Nihat Demirtas, Nur Ozten Kandas Article Affiliation: Suzan Bayer Abstract: Oral mucositis (OM) induces severe pain and limits fundamental life behaviors such as eating, drinking, and talking for patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In addition, through opportunistic microorganisms, OM frequently leads to systemic infection which then leads to prolonged hospitalization. Severe lesions often adversely affect curative effects in cancer cases. Therefore, the control of OM is important for oral health quality of life and prognosis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ozone may be useful to accelerate wound healing. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, ozone, and laser groups. All groups received 5-fluorouracil intraperitoneally and trauma to the mouth pouch with a needle. After the formation of OM in the mouth, the control group had no treatment; the ozone group was administered ozone, and the laser group, LLLT. Then, all groups were sacrificed and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were evaluated in all groups. LLLT was determined to be statistically significantly more effective than ozone on FGF and PDGF. However, in respect of TGF-β, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. In conclusion, withinthe limitations of this study, LLLT is more effective than ozone. However, further studies on this subject are required. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Novel Approach to Treating Androgenetic Alopecia in Females With Photobiomodulation (Low-Level Laser Therapy). Abstract Source: Dermatol Surg. 2017 Mar 21. Epub 2017 Mar 21. PMID: 28328705 Abstract Author(s): Shelly Friedman, Patricia Schnoor Article Affiliation: Shelly Friedman Abstract: BACKGROUND: Photobiomodulation, also referred to as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has been studied and used for (among other diseases) the promotion of hair regrowth. OBJECTIVE/MATERIALS AND METHODS/RESULTS: A clinical study was developed to define the physiologic effects that occur when the human hair follicle and surrounding tissue structures are exposed to laser light using a novel device that is fitted with an array of laser diode sources operating at 650 nm and placed inside a sports cap to promote discretion while in use. The study demonstrates that low-level laser treatment of the scalp every other day for 17 weeks using the HANDI-DOME LASER device is a safe and effective treatment for androgenetic alopecia in healthy females between the ages of 18 to 60 with Fitzpatrick skin Types I to IV and Ludwig-Savin Baldness Scale I-2 to II-2 baldness patterns. Subjects receiving LLLT at 650 nm achieved a 51% increase in hair counts as compared with sham-treated control patients in this multicenter randomized controlled trial. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the emerging technology of low-level laser therapy may play a potentially significant role in health care providers' armamentarium for the disease androgenic alopecia. Article Published Date : Mar 20, 2017

Abstract Title: Photobiomodulation of wound healing via visible and infrared laser irradiation. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Mar 20. Epub 2017 Mar 20. PMID: 28321647 Abstract Author(s): Hakan Solmaz, Yekta Ulgen, Murat Gulsoy Article Affiliation: Hakan Solmaz Abstract: Fibroblast cells are known to be one of the key elements in wound healing process, which has been under the scope of research for decades. However, the exact mechanism of photobiomodulation on wound healing is not fully understood yet. Photobiomodulation of 635 and 809 nm laser irradiation at two different energy densities were investigated with two independent experiments; first, in vitro cell proliferation and then in vivo wound healing. L929 mouse fibroblast cell suspensions were exposed with 635 and 809 nm laser irradiations of 1 and 3 J/cm(2) energy densities at 50 mW output power separately for the investigation of photobiomodulation in vitro. Viabilities of cells were examined by means of MTT assays performed at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the laser irradiations. Following the in vitro experiments, 1 cm long cutaneous incisional skin wounds on Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were exposed with the same laser sources and doses in vivo. Wound samples were examined on 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of healing by means of mechanical tensile strength tests and histological examinations. MTT assay results showed that 635 nm laser irradiationof both energy densities after 24 h were found to be proliferative. One joule per square centimeter laser irradiation results also had positive effect on cell proliferation after 72 h. However, 809 nm laser irradiation at both energy densities had neither positive nor negative affects on cell viability. In vivo experiment results showed that, 635 nm laser irradiation of both energy densities stimulated wound healing in terms of tensile strength, whereas 809 nm laser stimulation did not cause any stimulative effect. The results of mechanical tests were compatible with the histological evaluations. In this study, it is observed that 635 nm laser irradiations of low energy densities had stimulative effects in terms of cell proliferation in vitro and mechanical strength of incisions in vivo. However, 809 nm laser irradiations at the same doses did not have any positive effect. Article Published Date : Mar 19, 2017

Abstract Title: Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Subjective Tinnitus Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Mar 14. Epub 2017 Mar 14. PMID: 28294697 Abstract Author(s): Nermin Demirkol, Aslihan Usumez, Mehmet Demirkol, Fatih Sari, Cihan Akcaboy Article Affiliation: Nermin Demirkol Abstract: OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Tinnitus is an apparent sound, perceived in the ear with no stimulus. It has been described as a sound originating from the brain. It affects 17% of the general population. Etiological factors for tinnitus include temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ, TMD) and Costen's syndrome. The aim of treatment is to eliminate the tinnitus or at least decrease its apparent volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 46 patients referred to our department with bilateral subjective tinnitus with TMDs were selected for this study. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with an neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) (1064 nm) laser, LLLT with a diode laser (810 nm), and placebo treatment were applied to the patients. There were 15 patients each in the Nd:YAG and placebo groups and 16 patients in the 810 nm diode laser group. LLLT was applied for 10 days, once per day. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used, withvalues between 0 and 10. VAS scores were recorded before treatment, on the last day of treatment, and 1 month after treatment. The VAS scores were the same on the last day of treatment and 1 month after treatment. The VAS scores before treatment and at 1 month after treatment were compared in a statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the Nd:YAG laser (p = 0.001) and 810 nm diode laser groups (p = 0.005), but no difference in the placebo group (p = 0.065). CONCLUSIONS: Both the Nd:YAG and 810 nm diode lasers were effective for the treatment of subjective tinnitus related to TMDs. Article Published Date : Mar 13, 2017

Abstract Title: Histomorphologic and ultrastructural recovery of myopathy in rats treated with low-level laser therapy. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Mar 9. Epub 2017 Mar 9. PMID: 28280999 Abstract Author(s): Natalia Servetto, David Cremonezzi, Juan Carlos Simes, Antonio Di Pietro, Vilma R Campana Article Affiliation: Natalia Servetto Abstract: The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT): helium-neon (He-Ne) and gallium arsenide (Ga-As) laser on the histomorphology of muscle and mitochondria in experimental myopathy in rats. Thirty Suquía strain female rats were distributed in groups: (A) control (intact), (B) injured, (C) injured and treated with He-Ne laser, (D) injured and treated with Ga-As laser, (E) irradiated with He-Ne laser on the non-injured muscle, and (F) irradiated with Ga-As laser on the non-injured muscle. Myopathywas induced by injecting 0.05 mg/rat/day of adrenaline in the left gastrocnemius muscle at the same point on five consecutive days, in groups B, C, and D. LLLT was applied with 9.5 J cm(-2) daily for seven consecutive days in groups C, D, E, and F. The muscles were examined with optic and electronic microscopy. The inflammation was classified as absent, mild, and intense and the degree of mitochondrial alteration was graded I, II, III, and IV. Categorical data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and the Fisher-Irwin Bilateral test, setting significant difference at p < 0.05. The damage found in muscle and mitochondria histomorphology in animals with induced myopathy (B) was intense or severe inflammation with grade III or IV of mitochondrial alteration. They underwent significant regression (p < 0.001) compared with the groups treated with He-Ne (C) and Ga-As (D) laser, in which mild or moderate inflammation was seen and mitochondrial alteration grades I and II, recovering normal myofibrillar architecture. No differences were found between the effects caused by the two lasers, or betweengroups A, E, and F. Group A was found to be different from B, C, and D (p < 0.001). LLLT in experimental myopathy caused significant muscular and mitochondrial morphologic recovery. Article Published Date : Mar 08, 2017

Abstract Title: Impact of low-level laser therapy on hyposalivation, salivary pH, and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients post-radiotherapy. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Mar 3. Epub 2017 Mar 3. PMID: 28258315 Abstract Author(s): Luiz Felipe Palma, Fernanda Aurora Stabile Gonnelli, Marcelo Marcucci, Rodrigo Souza Dias, Adelmo José Giordani, Roberto Araújo Segreto, Helena Regina Comodo Segreto Article Affiliation: Luiz Felipe Palma Abstract: Late effects of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer treatment have been increasingly investigated due to its impact on patients' quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy on hyposalivation, low salivary pH, and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients post-radiotherapy. Twenty-nine patients with radiation-induced xerostomia received laser sessions twice a week, during 3 months (24 sessions). For this, a continuous wave Indium-Gallium-Aluminium-Phosphorus diode laser device was used punctually on the major salivary glands (808 nm, 0.75 W/cm(2), 30 mW, illuminated area 0.04 cm(2), 7.5 J/cm(2), 10 s, 0.3 J). Six extraoral points were illuminated on each parotid gland and three on each submandibular gland, as well as two intraoral points on each sublingual gland. Stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate, pH (two scales with different gradations), and quality of life (University Of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients with Head andNeck Cancer) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment. There were significant increases in both mean salivary flow rates (unstimulated: p = 0.0012; stimulated: p < 0.0001), mean pH values (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0004), and mean score from the quality of life questionnaire (p < 0.0001). Low-level laser therapy seems to be effective to mitigate salivary hypofunction and increase salivary pH of patients submitted to radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, thereby leading to an improvement in quality of life. Article Published Date : Mar 02, 2017

Abstract Title: Treating cognitive impairment with transcranial low level laser therapy. Abstract Source: J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017 Mar ;168:149-155. Epub 2017 Feb 13. PMID: 28219828 Abstract Author(s): Jack C de la Torre Article Affiliation: Jack C de la Torre Abstract: This report examines the potential of low level laser therapy (LLLT) to alter brain cell function and neurometabolic pathways using red or near infrared (NIR) wavelengths transcranially for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment. Although laser therapy on human tissue has been used for a number of medical conditions since the late 1960s, it is only recently that several clinical studies have shown its value in raising neurometabolic energy levels that can improve cerebral hemodynamics and cognitive abilities in humans. The rationale for this approach, as indicated in this report, is supported by growing evidence that neurodegenerative damage and cognitive impairment during advanced aging is accelerated or triggered by a neuronal energy crisis generated by brain hypoperfusion. We have previously proposed that chronic brain hypoperfusion in the elderly can worsen in the presence of one or more vascular risk factors, including hypertension, cardiac disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes type 2. Although many unanswered questions remain, boosting neurometabolic activity through non-invasive transcranial laser biostimulation of neuronal mitochondria may be a valuable tool in preventing or delaying age-related cognitive decline that can lead to dementia, including its two major subtypes, Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. The technology to achieve significant improvement of cognitive dysfunction using LLLT or variations of this technique is moving fast and may signal a new chapter in the treatment and prevention of neurocognitive disorders. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2017

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) accelerates the sternomastoid muscle regeneration process after myonecrosis due to bupivacaine. Abstract Source: J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017 Mar ;168:30-39. Epub 2017 Jan 26. PMID: 28161653 Abstract Author(s): Cristiane Neves Alessi Pissulin, Ana Angélica Henrique Fernandes, Alejandro Manuel Sanchez Orellana, Renata Calciolari Rossi E Silva, Selma Maria Michelin Matheus Article Affiliation: Cristiane Neves Alessi Pissulin Abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of its long-lasting analgesic action, bupivacaine is an anesthetic used for peripheral nerve block and relief of postoperative pain. Muscle degeneration and neurotoxicity are its main limitations. There is strong evidence that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) assists in muscle and nerve repair. The authors evaluated the effects of a Gallium Arsenide laser (GaAs), on the regeneration of muscle fibers of the sternomastoid muscle and accessory nerve after injection of bupivacaine. METHODS: In total, 30 Wistar adult rats were divided into 2 groups: control group (C: n=15) and laser group (L: n=15). The groups were subdivided by antimere, with 0.5% bupivacaine injected on the right and 0.9% sodium chloride on the left. LLLT (GaAs 904nm, 0,05W, 2.8J per point) was administered for 5 consecutive days, starting 24h after injection of the solutions. Seven days after the trial period, blood samples were collected for determination of creatine kinase (CK). The sternomastoid nerve was removed for morphological and morphometric analyses; the surface portion of the sternomastoid muscle was used for histopathological and ultrastructural analyses. Muscle CK and TNFα protein levels were measured. RESULTS: The anesthetic promoted myonecrosis and increased muscle CK without neurotoxic effects. The LLLT reduced myonecrosis, characterized by a decrease in muscle CK levels, inflammation, necrosis, and atrophy, as well as the number of central nuclei in the muscle fibers and the percentage of collagen. TNFα values remained constant. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT, at the dose used, reduced fibrosis and myonecrosis in the sternomastoid muscle triggered by bupivacaine, accelerating the muscle regeneration process. Article Published Date : Feb 28, 2017

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy as an adjunct to conventional therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Feb ;32(2):275-282. Epub 2016 Nov 29. PMID: 27896528 Abstract Author(s): R K Mathur, Khageswar Sahu, Siddharth Saraf, Pooja Patheja, Fareed Khan, P K Gupta Article Affiliation: R K Mathur Abstract: Foot ulcers are serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and are known to be resistant to conventional treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care centre (Department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College and Maharaja Yashwantrao Hospital, A.B. Road, Indore). A total of 30 patients with type 2 DM having Meggitt-Wagner grade I foot ulcers of more than 6 weeks duration with negative culture were studied. Patients were randomized into two groups of 15 each. Patients in study group received LLLT (660 ± 20 nm, 3 J/cm(2)) along with conventional therapy and those in control group were treated with conventional therapy alone. The primary outcomemeasure was the absolute and relative wound size reduction at 2 weeks compared to the baseline parameter. Percentage ulcer area reduction was 37 ± 9% in the LLLT group and 15 ± 5.4% in the control group (p < 0.001). For ∼75% of wounds of the treatment group, wound area reduction of 30-50% was observed. In contrast, for the control group, ∼80% of wounds showed a wound area reduction of<20% on day 15. Further, the wounds with initial wound area 1000-2000 mm(2) seems to have better final outcome than the groups with larger areas. The treated groups showed higher amount of granulation than the control group. The results suggest that LLLT is beneficial as an adjunct to conventional therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Effects of different fluences of low-level laser therapy in an experimental model of spinal cord injury in rats. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Feb ;32(2):343-349. Epub 2016 Dec 1. PMID: 27909916 Abstract Author(s): Suellen Veronez, Lívia Assis, Paula Del Campo, Flávia de Oliveira, Gláucia de Castro, Ana Claudia Muniz Renno, Carla Christina Medalha Article Affiliation: Suellen Veronez Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo response of different fluences of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the area of the injury, inflammatory markers, and functional recovery using an experimental model of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirty two rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: control group (CG), laser-treated group 500 J/cm(2) (L-500), laser-treated group 750 J/cm(2) (L-750), and laser-treated group 1000 J/cm(2) (L-1000). SCI was performed by an impactor equipment (between the ninth and tenth thoracic vertebrae), with a pressure of 150 kdyn. Afterwards, the injured region was irradiated daily for seven consecutive sessions, using an 808-nm laser, at the respective fluence of each experimental groups. Motor function and tactile sensitivity were performed on days 1 and 7 post-surgery. Animals were euthanized on the eighth day after injury, and the samples were retrieved for histological and immunohistochemistry analyses. Functional evaluation and tactile sensitivity were improved after LLLT, at the higher fluence. Additionally, LLLT, at 750 and 1000 J/cm(2), reduces the lesion volume and modulates the inflammatory process with decrease of CD-68 protein expression. These results suggest that LLLT athigher doses was effective in promoting functional recovery and modulating inflammatory process in the spinal cord of rats after SCI. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Strength training prior to muscle injury potentiates low-level laser therapy (LLLT)-induced muscle regeneration. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Feb ;32(2):317-325. Epub 2016 Dec 1. PMID: 27909917 Abstract Author(s): Samuel Rodrigues Lourenço Morais, Alexandre Ginei Goya, Úrsula Urias, Paulo Roberto Jannig, Aline Villa Nova Bacurau, Wagner Garcez Mello, Paula Lazilha Faleiros, Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira, Valdir Gouveia Garcia, Edilson Ervolino, Patricia Chakur Brum, Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles Article Affiliation: Samuel Rodrigues Lourenço Morais Abstract: We evaluated whether strength training (ST) performed prior to skeletal muscle cryolesion would act as a preconditioning, improving skeletal muscle regeneration and responsiveness to low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Wistar rats were randomly assigned into non-exercised (NE), NE plus muscle lesion (NE + LE), NE + LE plus LLLT (NE + LE + LLLT), strength training (ST), ST + LE, and ST + LE + LLLT. The animals performed 10 weeks of ST (climbing ladder; 3× week; 80% overload). Forty-eight hours after the last ST session, tibialis anterior (TA) cryolesion was induced andLLLT (InGaAlP, 660 nm, 0.035 W, 4.9 J/cm(2)/point, 3 points, spot light 0.028 cm(2), 14 J/cm(2)) initiated and conducted daily for 14 consecutive days. The difference between intergroups was assessed using Student's t test and intragroups by two-way analysis of variance. Cryolesion induced massive muscle degeneration associated with inflammatory infiltrate. Prior ST improved skeletal regeneration 14-days after cryolesion and potentiated the regenerative response to LLLT. Cryolesion induced increased TNF-α levels in both NE + LE and ST + LE groups. Both isolated ST and LLLT reduced TNF-α to control group levels; however, prior ST potentiated LLLT response. Both isolated ST and LLLT increased IL-10 levels with no additional effect. In contrast, increased TA IL-6 levels were restricted to ST and ST + LE + LLLT groups. TA myogenin mRNA levels were not changed by neither prior ST or ST + LLLT. Both prior ST and LLLT therapies increased MyoD mRNA levels and, interestingly, combined therapies potentiated this response. Myf5 mRNA levels were increased only in ST groups. Taken together, our data provides evidences for prior ST potentiating LLLT efficacy in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Effects of low-level laser therapy on pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. A systemic review and meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017 Jan 30. Epub 2017 Jan 30. PMID: 28145397 Abstract Author(s): Ron Clijsen, Anina Brunner, Marco Barbero, Peter Clarys, Jan Taeymans Article Affiliation: Ron Clijsen Abstract: INTRODUCTION: This meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain in adult patients with musculoskeletal disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature search was conducted in the Medline and PEDro databases. Two researchers independently screened titles and abstracts of the retrieved studies for eligibility. Quality assessment of the eligible studies was conducted using the PEDro rating scale. Studies that scored≥ 4 were included. A random-effects model was used for this meta-analysis. Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate the influence of the adherence of the applied LLLT to the World Association of Laser Therapy (WALT) guidelines, the anatomical site under investigation and the study designon the overall weighted mean effect size. Meta regression was used to assess the possible influence of the study quality on the individual study effect sizes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Eighteen studies allowing for 21 head-to-head comparisons (totaling n=1462 participants) were included. The pooled raw mean difference (D) in pain between LLLT and the control groups was -0.85 [95%CI: -1.22 to -0.48]. There was high (I² = 85.6%) and significant between study heterogeneity (Cochran's Q = 139.2; df = 20; p<0.001). The subgroup meta-analysis of the comparisons not following the WALT guidelines revealed a D = -0.68 [95%CI: -1.09 to -0.27]. In this group, heterogeneity decreased to I² = 72.6% (Q = 51.2; df = 14; p<0.001). In the WALT subgroup D equaled -1.52 [95%CI: -2.34 to -0.70]. this between groups difference was clinically relevant although statistically not significant (Q = 3.24; df = 1; p = 0.072). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis presents evidence that LLLT is an effective treatment modality to reduce pain in adult patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Adherence to WALT dosage recommendations seems to enhance treatment effectiveness. Article Published Date : Jan 29, 2017

Abstract Title: The effects of low level laser therapy on both HIV-1 infected and uninfected TZM-bl cells. Abstract Source: J Biophotonics. 2017 Jan 27. Epub 2017 Jan 27. PMID: 28128530 Abstract Author(s): Masixole Yvonne Lugongolo, Sello Lebohang Manoto, Saturnin Ombinda-Lemboumba, Malik Maaza, Patience Mthunzi-Kufa Article Affiliation: Masixole Yvonne Lugongolo Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection remains a major health problem despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which has greatly reduced mortality rates. Due to the unavailability of an effective vaccine and treatment that would completely eradicate the virus in infected individuals, the quest for new therapies continues. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) involves the exposure of cells to low levels of red or infrared light. LLLT has been widely used in different medical conditions, but not in HIV-1 infection. This study aimed to determine the effects of LLLT on HIV-1 infected and uninfected TZM-bl cells. Both infected and uninfected cells were irradiated at a wavelength of 660 nm with different fluences from 2 J/cm(2) to 10 J/cm(2) . Changes in cellular responses were assessed using cell morphology, viability, proliferation, cytotoxicity and luciferase activity assays. Upon data analysis, uninfected irradiated cells showed no changes in cell morphology, viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity, while the infected irradiated cells did. In addition, laser irradiation reduced luciferase activity in infected cells. Finally, laser irradiation had no inhibitory effect in uninfected cells, whereas it induced cell damage in a dose dependent manner in infected cells. Article Published Date : Jan 26, 2017

Abstract Title: Low level laser therapy alters satellite glial cell expression and reverses nociceptive behavior in rats with neuropathic pain. Abstract Source: Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2017 Jan 26. Epub 2017 Jan 26. PMID: 28125108 Abstract Author(s): M E Oliveira, F M Santos, R P Bonifácio, M F Freitas, D O Martins, M Chacur Article Affiliation: M E Oliveira Abstract: BACKGROUND: Nerve injury often results in persistent or chronic neuropathic pain characterized by spontaneous burning pain accompanied by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a noninvasive method that has proved to be clinically effective in reducing pain sensitivity and consequently in improving the quality of life. Here we examined the effects of LLLT on pain sensitivity induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. CCI was performed on adult male rats, subjected thereafter to 10 sessions of LLLT, every other day, and starting 14 days after CCI. Over the treatment period, the animals were evaluated for nociception using behavioral tests, such as allodynia, thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Following the sessions, we observed the involvement of satellite glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence approaches. In addition we analyzed the expression levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1β) and fractalkine (FKN) after the same stimulus. RESULTS: LLLT induced an early reduction (starting at the second session; p≤ 0.001) of the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia in CCI rats, which persisted until the last session. Regarding cellular changes, we observed a decrease of GFAP (50%; p ≤ 0.001) expression after LLLT in the ipsilateral DRG when compared with the naive group. We also observed a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines after CCI, whereas LLLT dramatically inhibited the overexpression of these proteins. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that LLLT reverses CCI-induced behavioral hypersensitivity, reduces glial cell activation in the DRG and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines; we suggest that this involvement of glial cells can be one potential mechanism in such an effect. Article Published Date : Jan 25, 2017

Abstract Title: Low-Level Laser Therapy in Enhancing Wound Healing and Preserving Tissue Thickness at Free Gingival Graft Donor Sites: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2017 Jan 12. Epub 2017 Jan 12. PMID: 28092488 Abstract Author(s): Gulbahar Ustaoglu, Esra Ercan, Mustafa Tunali Article Affiliation: Gulbahar Ustaoglu Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on wound healing at free gingival graft (FGG) donor sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients requiring FGG were selected for this randomized, controlled, and double-blinded prospective clinical trial. The FGG donor sites were treated with LLLT and compared with an untreated control group. The Wound-Healing Index (WHI), tissue consistency, color match, and H2O2 bubbling test for the evaluation of complete wound epithelialization were recorded on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days. The pain-burning level, number of analgesics, and bleeding were recorded for 7 days. Donor area soft tissue thickness (TT) was measured at baseline and at the first month. RESULTS: The prevalence of Complete Wound Epithelization was higher in the LLLT group than in the control group on the 14th day (p < 0.001). The bleeding was lower in the test group than in the control group during the first 2 days (p ≤ 0.001). Higher WHI Scores were observed in the test group relative to the control group at all visits (p ≤ 0.001). Color match scores were higher in the test group than in the control group at the first 3 visits (p < 0.05). The TT changed from 4.62 ± 0.79 to 4.71 ± 0.82 mm in the LLLT group and from 4.23 ± 0.62 to 4.01 ± 0.68 mm in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that LLLT enhances FGG donor site wound healing and preserves TT at palatinal donor sites. Article Published Date : Jan 11, 2017

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy for beta amyloid toxicity in rat hippocampus. Abstract Source: Neurobiol Aging. 2017 Jan ;49:165-182. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PMID: 27815990 Abstract Author(s): Yujiao Lu, Ruimin Wang, Yan Dong, Donovan Tucker, Ningjun Zhao, Md Ejaz Ahmed, Ling Zhu, Timon Cheng-Yi Liu, Robert M Cohen, Quanguang Zhang Article Affiliation: Yujiao Lu Abstract: Beta amyloid (Aβ) is well accepted to play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present work evaluated the therapeutic effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLI) on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus. Aβ 1-42 was injected bilaterally to the hippocampus CA1 region of adult male rats, and 2-minute daily LLI treatment was applied transcranially after Aβ injection for 5 consecutive days. LLI treatment suppressed Aβ-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and long-term spatial and recognition memory impairments. Molecular studies revealed that LLI treatment: (1) restored mitochondrial dynamics, by altering fission and fusion protein levels thereby suppressing Aβ-induced extensive fragmentation; (2) suppressed Aβ-induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential; (3) reduced oxidized mitochondrial DNA and excessive mitophagy; (4) facilitated mitochondrial homeostasis via modulation of the Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio and of mitochondrial antioxidant expression; (5) promoted cytochrome c oxidase activity and adenosine triphosphate synthesis; (6) suppressed Aβ-induced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity; (7) enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of hippocampal CA1 neurons, whereas reduced the oxidative damage; and (8) suppressed Aβ-induced reactive gliosis, inflammation, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although development of AD treatments has focused on reducingcerebral Aβ levels, by the time the clinical diagnosis of AD or mild cognitive impairment is made, the brain is likely to have already been exposed to years of elevated Aβ levels with dire consequences for multiple cellular pathways. By alleviating a broad spectrum of Aβ-induced pathology that includes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and tau pathology, LLI could represent a new promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. Abstract Source: AIMS Biophys. 2017 ;4(3):337-361. Epub 2017 May 19. PMID: 28748217 Abstract Author(s): Michael R Hamblin Article Affiliation: Michael R Hamblin Abstract: Photobiomodulation (PBM) also known as low-level level laser therapy is the use of red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation. The primary chromophores have been identified as cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria, and calcium ion channels (possibly mediated by light absorption by opsins). Secondary effects of photon absorption include increases in ATP, a brief burst of reactive oxygen species, an increase in nitric oxide, and modulation of calcium levels. Tertiary effects include activation of a wide range of transcription factors leading to improved cell survival, increased proliferation and migration, and new protein synthesis. There is a pronounced biphasic dose response whereby low levels of light have stimulating effects, while high levels of light have inhibitory effects. It has been found that PBM can produce ROS in normal cells, but when used in oxidatively stressed cells or in animal models of disease, ROS levels are lowered. PBM is able to up-regulate anti-oxidant defenses and reduce oxidative stress. It was shown that PBM can activate NF-kB in normal quiescent cells, however in activated inflammatory cells, inflammatory markers were decreased. One of the most reproducible effects of PBM is an overall reduction in inflammation, which is particularly important for disorders of the joints, traumatic injuries, lung disorders, and in the brain. PBM has been shown to reduce markers of M1 phenotype in activated macrophages. Many reports have shown reductions in reactive nitrogen species and prostaglandins in various animal models. PBM can reduce inflammation in the brain, abdominal fat, wounds, lungs, spinal cord. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Abstract Source: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016 Dec 2. Epub 2016 Dec 2. PMID: 27919663 Abstract Author(s): Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri, Fawad Javed, Butchibabu Kalakonda, Nader A AlAizari, Walid Al-Soneidar, Ameen Al-Akwa Article Affiliation: Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri Abstract: BACKGROUND: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition with indefinite cure, predominantly affecting post-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy of low level laser therapy in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched from date of inception till and including October 2016 using various combinations of the following keywords: burning mouth syndrome, BMS, stomatodynia, laser therapy, laser treatment and phototherapy. The inclusion criteria were: Prospective, retrospective and case series studies. Letter to editors, reviews, experimental studies, studies that were not published in English, theses, monographs, and abstracts presented in scientific events were excluded. Due to heterogeneity of data no statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Ten clinical studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, five of which were randomized clinical trials. In these studies, the laser wavelengths, power output and duration of irradiation ranged between 630- 980nm, 20-300mW, 10 seconds-15minutes, respectively. Most of studies reported laser to be an effective therapy strategy for management of BMS. CONCLUSION: Majority of the studies showed that laser therapy seemed to be effective in reducing pain in BMS patients. However, due to the varied methodologies and substantial variations in laser parameters among these studies, more clinical trials are required to ascertain the efficacy of laser for treating BMS. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2016

Abstract Title: Photobiomodulation therapy reduces apoptotic factors and increases glutathione levels in a neuropathic pain model. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2016 Dec ;31(9):1863-1869. Epub 2016 Sep 17. PMID: 27640000 Abstract Author(s): Atousa Janzadeh, Farinaz Nasirinezhad, Masoume Masoumipoor, Seyed Behnameldin Jameie, Parisa Hayat Article Affiliation: Atousa Janzadeh Abstract: Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by damage to the nervous system due to reactive oxygen spices (ROS) increase, antioxidants reduction, ATP production imbalance, and induction of apoptosis. In this investigation, we applied low-level laser 660 nm (photobiomodulation therapy) as a new strategy to modulate pain. In order to study the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (660 nm) on NP, chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was selected. Low-level laser of 660 nm was used for 2 weeks. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia were measuredbefore and after surgery on days 7 and 14, respectively. Paw withdrawal thresholds were also evaluated. Expression of p2x3, Bax, and bcl2 protein was measured by western blotting. The amount of glutathione (GSH) was measured in the spinal cord by continuous spectrophotometric rate determination method. The results are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using SPSS 21. CCI decreased the pain threshold, 2-week photobiomodulation therapy significantly increased mechanical and thermal threshold, decreased P2X3 expression (p < 0.001), and increased bcl2 expression (p < 0.01), but it was not effective on the Bax expression. We speculated that although photobiomodulation therapy increased ROS generation, it increased antioxidants such as GSH. Increase in bcl2 is another mitochondrial protection mechanism for cell survival and that pain relief and decrease in P2X3expression confirm it. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2016

Abstract Title: Use of low level laser therapy to control neuropathic pain: A systematic review. Abstract Source: J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016 Nov ;164:36-42. Epub 2016 Aug 31. PMID: 27639607 Abstract Author(s): Ana Laura Martins de Andrade, Paulo Ségio Bossini, Nivaldo Antônio Parizotto Article Affiliation: Ana Laura Martins de Andrade Abstract: Neuropathic pain can be defined as pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the central or peripheral nervous system. The low level laser therapy (LLLT) has gained great prominence as a treatment in this type of pain; however, the application parameters are still controversial in the literature. This study aimed to review the literature on the use of LLLT in neuropathic pain with the goal of establishing a"therapeutic window"for the effective use of this treatment. We analyzed 14 articles, 10 in experimental animals and 4 in humans. The results are presented in three tables, the first being for comparison of the studies' application parameters, the second showing the average and median parameters experimental studies and third showing the clinical studies embodiment. The experimental studies revealed better results for LLLT and infrared laser powers above 70mW. Clinical studies are inconclusive as to the application parameters, due to the discrepancy; however all demonstrate the effectiveness of LLLT. According to the data presented, it was concluded that LLLT has positive effects on the control of analgesia for neuropathic pain, but further studies with high scientific rigor are needed in order to define treatment protocols that optimize the action LLLT in neuropathic pain. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy (904nm) can increase collagen and reduce oxidative and nitrosative stress in diabetic wounded mouse skin. Abstract Source: J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016 Nov ;164:96-102. Epub 2016 Aug 12. PMID: 27661759 Abstract Author(s): José Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha, Cleber Ferraresi, Michael R Hamblin, Flávio Damasceno Maia, Nilberto Robson Falcão do Nascimento, Patricia Driusso, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto Article Affiliation: José Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Over the last decade we have seen an increased interest in the use of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in diseases that involve increased oxidative stress. It is well established that hyperglycemia in diabetes elicits a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but the effect of LLLT remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether LLLT was able to improve oxidative/nitrosative stress parameters in the wound healing process in diabetic mice. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty male mice were divided into four groups: non-irradiated control (NIC), irradiated control (IC), non-irradiated and diabetic (NID), irradiated and diabetic (ID). Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin. Wounds were created 120days after the induction of diabetes in groups IC and ID and these groups were irradiated daily for 5days (superpulsed 904nm laser, average power 40mW, 60s). All animals were sacrificed 1day after the last irradiation and histology, collagen amount, catalase activity, nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. RESULTS: Histology showed that collagen fibers were more organized in IC and ID when compared to NID group, and significant differences in collagen content were found in group ID versus NID. Catalase activity was higher in IC group compared to other groups (p<0.001). TBARS levels were higher in IC versus NIC, but were lower in ID versus NID (p<0.001). Nitrite was lower in both irradiated groups versus the respective non-irradiated groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Delayed wound healing in diabetes is still a challenge in clinical practice with high social costs. The increased production of collagen and decreased oxidative and nitrosative stress suggests that LLLT may be a viable therapeutic alternative in diabetic wound healing. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Transcranial low-level infrared laser irradiation ameliorates depression induced by reserpine in rats. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2016 Nov ;31(8):1651-1656. Epub 2016 Jul 20. PMID: 27437987 Abstract Author(s): Haitham S Mohammed Article Affiliation: Haitham S Mohammed Abstract: Transcranial low-level infrared laser is a modality of therapy based on the principle of photons delivered in a non-invasive manner through the skull for the treatment of some neurological conditions such as psychological disorders, traumatic brain injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases among others. In the present study, effects of low-level infrared laser irradiation with different radiation powers (80, 200, and 400 mW, continuous wave) were investigated on normal animals subjected to forced swimming test (FST). Results indicated that there are changes in FST parameters in animals irradiated with laser; the lowest dose provoked a significant increase in animal activity (swimming and climbing) and a significant decrease in animal's immobility, while the highest laser dose resulted in a complete inverse action by significantly increasing animal immobility and significantly decreasing animal activity with respect to control animals. The lowest dose (80 mW) of transcranial laser irradiation has then utilized on animals injected with a chronic dose of reserpine (0.2 mg/kg i.p. for 14 days) served as an animal model of depression. Laser irradiation has successfully ameliorated depression induced by reserpine as indicated by FST parameters and electrocorticography (ECoG) spectral analysis in irradiated animals. The findings of the present study emphasized the beneficial effects of low-level infrared laser irradiation on normal and healthy animals. Additionally, it indicated the potential antidepressant activity of the low dose of infrared laser irradiation. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of low energy light irradiation by light emitting diode on U937 cells. Abstract Source: J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2016 Oct-Dec;30(4):997-1007. PMID: 28078845 Abstract Author(s): G Spoto, V De Iuliis, M Petrini, V Flati, J Di Gregorio, D Vitale, M Caruso, V Dadorante, M Ciarmoli, I Robuffo, S Martinotti, E Toniato Article Affiliation: G Spoto Abstract: Photobiomodulation (PBM) can induce a set of different biological modulators either in vitro or in vivo. Experimental evidence has highlighted the role of light effects on the mechanisms related to inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. The goal of this project was the evaluation of PBM on U937, an established cell line of histiocytic lymphoma origin. Several aspects of modulation of proinflammatory pathways were analyzed and autophagic and proapoptotic mechanisms related to low laser light exposure of cells were studied. As a source of low energy light emission, we used an NIR-LED device, characterized by an 880 nm-wavelength as light source. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on supernatants of controls and treated U937 cells to detect inflammatory cytokine levels. In order to evaluate NF-kB and caspase3 expressions, Western blot analysis was performed according to standard procedures. In this report, we show the effect of PBM on a monocyte/macrophage established tumor cell line (U-937). We demonstrate that LED exposure, in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), activates cell degranulation, increased expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and modulation of beta galactosidase activity. Evidence shows that the well-known pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and the apoptotic marker (caspase3/cleaved-caspase3 ratio) are up-regulated in response to a proinflammatory biochemical pathway. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2016

Abstract Title: The chemokines secretion and the oxidative stress are targets of low-level laser therapy in allergic lung inflammation. Abstract Source: J Biophotonics. 2016 Sep 20. Epub 2016 Sep 20. PMID: 27649282 Abstract Author(s): Jorge Luis Costa Carvalho, Auriléia Aparecida de Brito, Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira, Hugo Caire de Castro Faria Neto, Thiago Martini Pereira, Regiane Albertini de Carvalho, Elen Anatriello, Flávio Aimbire Article Affiliation: Jorge Luis Costa Carvalho Abstract: Recent studies show that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an important anti-inflammatory action in acute lung inflammation. The present work explored if laser therapy is able to antagonize eosinophils and allergic inflammation induced by oxidative stress in Balb/c mice. Forty-eight hours after challenge, the leukocyte counting, ROS and nitrite/nitrate level, RANTES, CCL3, CCL8 as well as eotaxins were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of laser-treated mice or not. Into the lung, some chemokines receptors, the iNOS activity and mRNA expression, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, gluthatione, NADPH oxidase activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (T-Bars) were measured. Laser-treated allergic mice presented reduction of both the ICAM-1 and eosinophil in the lungs. RANTES, CCL8, CCL3 and eotaxins were reduced in BALF of laser-treated allergic mice. In allergic mice lung LLLT decreased the CCR1 and CCR3 and restored the oxidative stress balance as well. Laser decreased the lipidic peroxidation in allergic mice lung as much as increased SOD, GPx and GR. It shows that LLLT on allergic lung inflammation involves leukocyte-attractant chemokines and endogenous antioxidant. Based on results, LLLT may ultimately become a non- invasive option in allergic lung disease treatment. The top figure illustrates the laser decreasing the eosinophils migration into BALF and the bottom figure shows the laser upregulating the expression of heme-oxygenase (anti-oxidant enzyme) in lung tissue anti-oxidant. Article Published Date : Sep 19, 2016

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy/photobiomodulation in the management of side effects of chemoradiation therapy in head and neck cancer: part 2: proposed applications and treatment protocols. Abstract Source: Support Care Cancer. 2016 Mar 17. Epub 2016 Mar 17. PMID: 26984249 Abstract Author(s): Judith A E M Zecha, Judith E Raber-Durlacher, Raj G Nair, Joel B Epstein, Sharon Elad, Michael R Hamblin, Andrei Barasch, Cesar A Migliorati, Dan M J Milstein, Marie-Thérèse Genot, Liset Lansaat, Ron van der Brink, Josep Arnabat-Dominguez, Lisette van der Molen, Irene Jacobi, Judi van Diessen, Jan de Lange, Ludi E Smeele, Mark M Schubert, René-Jean Bensadoun Article Affiliation: Judith A E M Zecha Abstract: PURPOSE: There is a large body of evidence supporting the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), more recently termed photobiomodulation (PBM) for the management of oral mucositis (OM) in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). Recent advances in PBM technology, together with a better understanding of mechanisms involved and dosimetric parameters may lead to the management of a broader range of complications associated with HNC treatment. This could enhance patient adherence to cancer therapy, and improve quality of life and treatment outcomes. The mechanisms of action, dosimetric, and safety considerations for PBM have been reviewed in part 1. Part 2 discusses the head and neck treatment side effects for which PBM may prove to be effective. In addition, PBM parameters for each of these complications are suggested and future research directions are discussed. METHODS: Narrative review and presentation of PBM parameters are based on current evidence and expert opinion. RESULTS: PBM may have potential applications in the management of a broad range of side effects of (chemo)radiation therapy (CRT) in patients being treated for HNC. For OM management, optimal PBM parameters identified were as follows: wavelength, typically between 633 and 685 nm or 780-830 nm; energy density, laser or light-emitting diode (LED) output between 10 and 150 mW; dose, 2-3 J (J/cm(2)), and no more than 6 J/cm(2) on the tissue surface treated; treatment schedule, two to three times a week up to daily; emission type, pulsed (<100 Hz); and route of delivery, intraorally and/or transcutaneously. To facilitate further studies, we propose potentially effective PBM parameters for prophylactic and therapeutic use in supportive care for dermatitis, dysphagia, dry mouth, dysgeusia, trismus, necrosis, lymphedema, and voice/speech alterations. CONCLUSION: PBM may have a role in supportive care for a broad range of complications associated with the treatment of HNC with CRT. The suggested PBM irradiation and dosimetric parameters, which are potentially effective for these complications, are intended to provide guidance for well-designed future studies. It is imperative that such studies include elucidating the effects of PBM on oncology treatment outcomes. Article Published Date : Mar 16, 2016

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Abstract Source: Autoimmunity. 2016 Mar ;49(2):132-42. Epub 2015 Dec 24. PMID: 26703077 Abstract Author(s): Elaine D Gonçalves, Priscila S Souza, Vicente Lieberknecht, Giulia S P Fidelis, Rafael I Barbosa, Paulo C L Silveira, Ricardo A de Pinho, Rafael C Dutra Article Affiliation: Elaine D Gonçalves Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack on central nervous system (CNS) myelin, leading to axon damage and progressive disability. The existing therapies for MS are only partially effective and are associated with undesirable side effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been clinically used to treat inflammation, and to induce tissue healing and repair processes. However, there are no reports about the effects and mechanisms of LLLT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS. Here, we report the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of LLLT (AlGaInP, 660 nm and GaAs, 904 nm) irradiated on the spinal cord during EAE development. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Our results showed that LLLT consistently reduced the clinical score of EAE and delayed the disease onset, and also prevented weight loss induced by immunization. Furthermore, these beneficial effects of LLLT seem to be associated with the down-regulation of NO levels in the CNS, although the treatment with LLLT failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant defense during EAE. Finally, histological analysis showed that LLLT blocked neuroinflammation through a reduction of inflammatory cells in the CNS, especially lymphocytes, as well as preventing demyelination in the spinal cord after EAE induction. Together, our results suggest the use of LLLT as a therapeutic application during autoimmune neuroinflammatory responses, such as MS. Article Published Date : Feb 29, 2016

Abstract Title: A randomized pilot study to assess the safety and the value of low-level laser therapy versus clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2016 Feb 12. Epub 2016 Feb 12. PMID: 26873501 Abstract Author(s): Paolo G Arduino, Adriana Cafaro, Marco Garrone, Alessio Gambino, Marco Cabras, Ercole Romagnoli, Roberto Broccoletti Article Affiliation: Paolo G Arduino Abstract: Comparison between low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and clonazepam for treating burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients has never been documented; the aim of this study was to assess the effects of LLLT photobiomodulation versus medical therapy with clonazepam on BMS. Thirty-three patients (25 female, 8 male, mean age = 67.12) were randomly allocated to two different groups: the first one (group A, 18 patients) underwent two laser irradiation sessions weekly for 5 weeks, whereas the second one (group B, 15 patients) received topical clonazepam therapy [half a tablet (2 mg) in the mouth without swallowing for 3 min, three times a day for 21 days]. LLLT was delivered with a continuous wave 980-nm aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) diode laser and the output of 300 mW, delivering a Fluence of 10 J/cm(2), using a"spot technique,"with an average power density of about 1 W/cm(2). The laser probe was held perpendicularly at a distance of about 2 mm from the mucosa. Visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill Pain Questionnaire, present pain intensity (PPI), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) assessed sensation of pain. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale assessed levels of anxiety and depression. Twelve weeks after the end of treatment, patients treated with LLLT experienced a decrease in pain sensation reported for all the parameters analyzed: VAS (P = 0.004), McGill Pain Questionnaire (P = 0.002), PPI (P = 0.002),and OHIP-49 (P = 0.010). The group treated with clonazepam had less favorable results for VAS (P = 0.33), McGill Pain Questionnaire (P = 0.005), PPI (P = 0.013), and OHIP-49 (P = 0.25). Levels of anxiety and depression did not change statistically in any groups (P > 0.05). Comparing the two groups, LLLT appeared to be superior in improving pain perception, but statistically only at 8 weeks after the end of the protocol proposed (P = 0.026). Based on this preliminary trial, LLLT is capable of reducing the symptoms of patients with BMS with a constant andlong-lasting effect, experienced since the end of the first applications. Article Published Date : Feb 11, 2016

Abstract Title: Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review. Abstract Source: Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Jan-Jun;7(1):62-66. PMID: 28163481 Abstract Author(s): Deepankar Shukla, M R Muthusekhar Article Affiliation: Deepankar Shukla Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHODS: Medline search was done from 1997 to 2011 using search terms appropriate to establishing a relation between LLLT and TMD. Only randomized controlled trials were included in this study. Outcome variables related to pain, muscle tenderness, mandibular movements, and Electromyographic (EMG) activity were considered. Of the 242 articles examined, 13 were finally included in the critical analysis conducted as a part of the present systematic review. RESULTS: Of the 242 titles reviewed, only 13 articles were considered eligible. 7 articles showed significant improvement in the study group, whereas 5 showed no significant improvement between the study and control groups. The primary outcome of most of the studies was pain. Other variables considered were muscle tenderness, mandibular movements; EMG activity was considered. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown that LLLT seems to be effective in reducing pain in TMD's. It may be a treatment option for patients with an interest in a noninvasive, complementary therapy. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: A comparative study of red and blue light-emitting diodes and low-level laser in regeneration of the transected sciatic nerve after an end to end neurorrhaphy in rabbits. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Sep 28. Epub 2015 Sep 28. PMID: 26415928 Abstract Author(s): Mohammad Ashrafzadeh Takhtfooladi, Davood Sharifi Article Affiliation: Mohammad Ashrafzadeh Takhtfooladi Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of red and blue light-emitting diodes (LED) and low-level laser (LLL) on the regeneration of the transected sciatic nerve after an end-to-end neurorrhaphy in rabbits. Forty healthy mature male New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into four experimental groups: control, LLL (680 nm), red LED (650 nm), and blue LED (450 nm). All animals underwent the right sciatic nerve neurotmesis injury under general anesthesia and end-to-end anastomosis. The phototherapy was initiated on the first postoperative day and lasted for 14 consecutive days at the same time of the day. On the30th day post-surgery, the animals whose sciatic nerves were harvested for histopathological analysis were euthanized. The nerves were analyzed and quantified the following findings: Schwann cells, large myelinic axons, and neurons. In the LLL group, as compared to other groups, an increase in thenumber of all analyzed aspects was observed with significance level (P < 0.05). This finding suggests that postoperative LLL irradiation was able to accelerate and potentialize the peripheral nerve regeneration process in rabbits within 14 days of irradiation. Article Published Date : Sep 27, 2015

Abstract Title: The relative antimicrobial effect of blue 405 nm LED and blue 405 nm laser on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Sep 11. Epub 2015 Sep 11. PMID: 26362142 Abstract Author(s): Daniela Santos Masson-Meyers, Violet Vakunseh Bumah, Gabriel Biener, Valerica Raicu, Chukuka Samuel Enwemeka Article Affiliation: Daniela Santos Masson-Meyers Abstract: It has long been argued that light from a laser diode is superior to light from a light-emitting diode (LED) in terms of its effect on biological tissues. In order to shed light on this ongoing debate, we compared the antimicrobial effect of light emitted from a 405-nm LED with that of a 405-nm laser on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at comparable fluences. We cultured 5 × 10(6) CFU/ml MRSA on tryptic soy agar and then irradiated culture plates once, twice, or thrice with either LED or laser light using 40, 54, 81, or 121 J/cm(2) fluence at 15-, 30-, or 240-min time interval between irradiation. Cultures were incubated immediately after irradiation at 37 °C for 24 h before imaging and counting remnant bacterial colonies. Regardless of the device used, LED or laser, irradiation at each fluence resulted in statistically significant bacterial growth suppression compared to non-irradiated controls (p < 0.0001). The antimicrobial effect of both light sources, LED and laser, was not statistically different at each fluence in 35 of the 36 experimental trials. Bacterial growth suppression achieved with either source of light increased with repeated irradiation, particularly at the 15- or 30-min treatment time interval. Thus, we conclude that the antimicrobial effect of 405-nm laser and 405-nm LED on MRSA is similar; neither has a superior antimicrobial effect when compared to the other. Article Published Date : Sep 10, 2015

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy to treat fibromyalgia. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Nov ;29(6):1815-9. Epub 2014 May 7. PMID: 24801056 Abstract Author(s): J A Ruaro, A R Fréz, M B Ruaro, R A Nicolau Article Affiliation: J A Ruaro Abstract: Several clinical treatments have been proposed to manage symptoms of fibromyalgia. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may be a useful tool to treat this dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT in patients with fibromyalgia. A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was carried out with 20 patients divided randomly into either an LLLT group (n = 10) or a placebo group (n = 10). The LLLT group was treated with a GaAlAs laser (670 nm, 4 J/cm(2) on 18 tender points) three times a week over 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, patients were evaluated with the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), McGill Pain Questionnaire, andvisual analog scale (VAS). Data from the FIQ and McGill questionnaire for the treated and control groups were analyzed by paired t tests, and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze data from the VAS. After LLLT or sham treatment, the number of tender points was significantly reduced in both groups (LLLT, p < 0.0001; placebo, p = 0.0001). However, all other fibromyalgia symptoms showed significant improvements after LLLT compared to placebo (FIQ, p = 0.0003; McGill, p = 0.0078; and VAS, p = 0.0020). LLLT provided relief from fibromyalgia symptoms in patients and should be further investigated as a therapeutic tool for management in fibromyalgia. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2014

Abstract Title: LED and laser photobiomodulation in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis: experimental study in hamsters. Abstract Source: Clin Oral Investig. 2014 Apr ;18(3):1005-13. Epub 2013 Aug 15. PMID: 23949015 Abstract Author(s): Maria do Rosário Santos Freire, Rafael Freitas, Fábio Colombo, Alberto Valença, Aparecida Maria Cordeiro Marques, Viviane Almeida Sarmento Article Affiliation: Maria do Rosário Santos Freire Abstract: PURPOSE: This paper aims to evaluate the effects of laser (660 nm) and light-emitting diode (LED) (670 nm) irradiation in the cheek pouch mucosa of hamsters with oral mucositis (OM) induced by chemotherapy (Che) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the preventive groups, the photobiomodulation was started 1 day before the drug administration and was performed every 48 h (Ia, IIa, Ib, and IIb). In the therapeutic groups (IIIa, IIIb, IVa, and IVb), the irradiations were started on the third day after the Che d(0) and was performed every 48 h. In both groups, animals were sacrificed 7 or 14 days after Che. In the positive control groups, the hamsters were subjected to Che but did not receive irradiation, and they were sacrificed in 7 days (Va) or 14 days (Vb). In the negative control groups, no procedures were done and the animals were sacrificed 7 days (Vc) or 14 days (Vd) after the experiment started. RESULTS: The results indicated loss of body mass, xerostomia, and alopecia in the animals subjected to Che and the healing of OM to different degrees after the photobiomodulation treatment. Histologically, the positive control and experimental groups showed inflammation, predominately with lymphocytes and plasma cells, which tended to diminish with time. Epithelial atrophy, hyperemia, fibroblast proliferation, and vascular congestion were also observed at those intervals. CONCLUSIONS: The best results were obtained from the preventive laser and LED photobiomodulation groups; both treatments were effective in diminishing the OM lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A noninvasive and effective method with sparse side effects of OM would be desirable for use in cancer centers around the world. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Combined therapeutic effects of low power laser (980nm) and CoQ10 on Neuropathic Pain in adult male rat. Abstract Source: Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2014 ;28:58. Epub 2014 Jul 13. PMID: 25405124 Abstract Author(s): Seyed Behnamedin Jameie, Masoumeh Masoumipoor, Atousa Janzadeh, Farinaz Nasirinezhad, Mahdieh Kerdari, Maryam Soleimani Article Affiliation: Seyed Behnamedin Jameie Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the most suffering medical conditions that often fail to respond to certain pain therapy. Although its exact etiology is still unknown the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress were explored by many researchers. Neuropathies either central or peripheral lead to painful condition as well as social and economic isolation, thus various therapies were used to treat or reduce the pain. Laser therapy and antioxidant drugs have separately considered as treatment for NP, but the combination of them have not been used yet. In order to study the combination effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) the present study was designed. METHODS: Sixty adult male rats (230-320g) were used in this experimental study that divided into six groups (n=10). Chronic constriction injury (CCI) was used to induce neuropathic pain. The CoQ10 or vehicle, a low level laser of 980nm was used for two consecutive weeks. Thermal and mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds were assessed before and after surgery on 7(th) and 14(th) days. RESULTS: As we expected CCI decreased the pain threshold, whereas CoQ10 administration for two weeks increased mechanical and thermal threshold. The same results obtained for laser therapy using the CCI animals. Combination of laser 980nm with CoQ10 also showed significant differences in CCI animals. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings the combination of CoQ10 with LLLT showed better effects than each one alone. In this regard we believe that there might be cellular and molecular synergism in simultaneous use of CoQ10 and LLLT on pain relief. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Effect of red and near-infrared wavelengths on low-level laser (light) therapy-induced healing of partial-thickness dermal abrasion in mice. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Jan ;29(1):257-65. Epub 2013 Apr 26. PMID: 23619627 Abstract Author(s): Asheesh Gupta, Tianhong Dai, Michael R Hamblin Article Affiliation: Asheesh Gupta Abstract: Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) promotes wound healing, reduces pain and inflammation, and prevents tissue death. Studies have explored the effects of various radiant exposures on the effect of LLLT; however, studies of wavelength dependency in in vivo models are less common. In the present study, the healing effects of LLLT mediated by different wavelengths of light in the red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength regions (635, 730, 810, and 980 nm) delivered at constant fluence (4 J/cm(2)) and fluence rate (10 mW/cm(2)) were evaluated in a mouse model of partial-thickness dermal abrasion. Wavelengths of 635 and 810 nm were found to be effective in promoting the healing of dermal abrasions. However, treatment using 730- and 980-nm wavelengths showed no sign of stimulated healing. Healing was maximally augmented in mice treated with an 810-nm wavelength, as evidenced by significant wound area reduction (p<0.05), enhanced collagen accumulation, and complete re-epithelialization as compared to other wavelengths and non-illuminated controls. Significant acceleration of re-epithelialization and cellular proliferation revealed by immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin-14 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (p<0.05) was evident in the 810-nm wavelength compared with other groups. Photobiomodulation mediated by red (635 nm) and NIR (810 nm) light suggests that the biological response of the wound tissue depends on the wavelength employed. The effectiveness of 810-nm wavelength agrees with previous publications and, together with the partial effectiveness of 635 nm and the ineffectiveness of 730 and 980 nm wavelengths, can be explained by the absorption spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase, the candidate mitochondrial chromophore in LLLT. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Systematic review of laser and other light therapy for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Abstract Source: Support Care Cancer. 2013 Jan ;21(1):333-41. Epub 2012 Sep 22. PMID: 23001179 Abstract Author(s): Cesar Migliorati, Ian Hewson, Rajesh V Lalla, Heliton Spindola Antunes, Cherry L Estilo, Brian Hodgson, Nilza Nelly Fontana Lopes, Mark M Schubert, Joanne Bowen, Sharon Elad, Article Affiliation: Cesar Migliorati Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to review the available literature and define clinical practice guidelines for the use of laser and other light therapies for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by the Mucositis Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology. The body of evidence for each intervention, in each cancer treatment setting, was assigned an evidence level. Based on the evidence level, one of the following three guideline determinations was possible: recommendation, suggestion, and no guideline possible. RESULTS: A new recommendation was made for low-level laser (wavelength at 650 nm, power of 40 mW, and each square centimeter treated with the required time to a tissue energy dose of 2 J/cm(2) (2 s/point)) for the prevention of oral mucositis in adult patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioned with high-dose chemotherapy, with or without total body irradiation. A new suggestion was made for low-level laser (wavelength around 632.8 nm) for the prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy, without concomitant chemotherapy, for head and neck cancer. No guideline was possible in other populations and for other light sources due to insufficient evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing evidence in favor of low-level laser therapy allowed for the development of two new guidelines supporting this modality in the populations listed above. Evidence for other populations was also generally encouraging over a range of wavelengths and intensities. However, additional well-designed research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of laser and other light therapies in various cancer treatment settings. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2012

Abstract Title: Meta-analysis of pain relief effects by laser irradiation on joint areas. Abstract Source: Photomed Laser Surg. 2012 Aug ;30(8):405-17. Epub 2012 Jun 29. PMID: 22747309 Abstract Author(s): Ho Jang, Hyunju Lee Article Affiliation: Ho Jang Abstract: BACKGROUND: Laser therapy has been proposed as a physical therapy for musculoskeletal disorders and has attained popularity because no side effects have been reported after treatment. However, its true effectiveness is still controversial because several clinical trials have reported the ineffectiveness of lasers in treating pain. METHODS: In this systematic review, we investigate the clinical effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on joint pain. Clinical trials on joint pain satisfying the following conditions are included: the laser is irradiated on the joint area, the PEDro scale score is at least 5, and the effectiveness of the trial is measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). To estimate the overall effectiveness of all included clinical trials, a mean weighted difference in change of pain on VAS was used. RESULTS: MEDLINE is the main source of the literature search. After the literature search, 22 trials related to joint pain were selected. The average methodological quality score of the 22 trials consisting of 1014 patients was 7.96 on the PEDro scale; 11 trials reported positive effects and 11 trials reported negative effects. The mean weighted difference in change of pain on VAS was 13.96 mm (95% CI, 7.24-20.69) in favor of the active LLLT groups. When we only considered the clinical trials in which the energy dose was within the dose range suggested in the review by Bjordal et al. in 2003 and in World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT) dose recommendation, the mean effect sizes were 19.88 and 21.05 mm in favor of the true LLLT groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The review shows that laser therapy on the joint reduces pain in patients. Moreover, when we restrict the energy doses of the laser therapy into the dose window suggested in the previous study, we can expect more reliable pain relief treatments. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2012

Abstract Title: In vitro effect of low intensity laser on the cytotoxicity produced by substances released by bleaching gel. Abstract Source: Braz Oral Res. 2010 Dec;24(4):460-6. PMID: 21180969 Abstract Author(s): Caroline Maria Gomes Dantas, Carolina Lapaz Vivan, Leila Soares Ferreira, Patricia Moreira de Freitas, Márcia Martins Marques Article Affiliation: School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Abstract: This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effect of different parameters of phototherapy with low intensity laser on the viability of human dental pulp fibroblasts under the effect of substances released by bleaching gel. Cells were seeded into 96 wells plates (1 x 10³ cells/well) and placed in contact with culture medium conditioned by a 35 % hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel for 40 minutes, simulating the clinical condition of the in-office bleaching treatment. Cells cultured in ideal growth conditions served as positive control group (PC), and the cells grownin conditioned medium and non-irradiated served as negative control group (NC). Cells grown in conditioned medium were submitted to a single irradiation with a diode laser (40 mW, 0.04 cm²) emitting at visible red (660 nm; RL) or near infrared (780 nm; NIR) using punctual technique, in contact modeand energy densities of 4, 6 or 10 J/cm². The cell viability was analyzed through the MTT reduction assay immediately and 24 hours after the irradiation. The data was compared by ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). The cell viability increased significantly in 24 hours within each group. The PC presented cell viability significantly higher than NC in both experimental times. Only the NIR/10 J/cm² group presented cell viability similar to that of PC in 24 hours. The phototherapy with low intensity laser in defined parameters is able to compensate the cytotoxic effects of substances released by 35 % hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2010

Abstract Title: Role of low-level laser therapy in neurorehabilitation. Abstract Source: PM R. 2010 Dec ;2(12 Suppl 2):S292-305. PMID: 21172691 Abstract Author(s): Javad T Hashmi, Ying-Ying Huang, Bushra Z Osmani, Sulbha K Sharma, Margaret A Naeser, Michael R Hamblin Article Affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Abstract: This year marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the laser. The development of lasers for medical use, which became known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation, followed in 1967. In recent years, LLLT has become an increasingly mainstream modality, especially in the areas of physical medicine and rehabilitation. At first used mainly for wound healing and pain relief, the medical applications of LLLT have broadened to include diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and degenerative or traumatic brain disorders. This review will cover the mechanisms of LLLT that operate both on a cellular and a tissue level. Mitochondria are thought to be the principal photoreceptors, and increased adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium, and release of nitric oxide are the initial events. Activation of transcription factors then leads to expression of many protective, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and pro-proliferation gene products. Animal studies and human clinical trials of LLLT for indications with relevance to neurology, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, degenerative brain disease, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve regeneration, will be covered. Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2010

Abstract Title: Low-intensity laser irradiation stimulates wound healing in diabetic wounded fibroblast cells (WS1). Abstract Source: Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010 Dec ;12(12):971-8. PMID: 21128844 Abstract Author(s): Nicolette Houreld, Heidi Abrahamse Article Affiliation: Nicolette Houreld Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes suffer from slow-to-heal wounds, which often necessitate amputation. Low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) has been shown to reduce the healing time in such patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of different wavelengths of LILI on cellular migration, viability, and proliferation in a wounded diabetic cell model. METHODS: Diabetic wounded and unwounded human skin fibroblast cells (WS1) were irradiated at 632.8, 830, or 1,064 nm with 5 J/cm(2). Cellular morphology and migration were determined microscopically, while cellular viability was determined by ATP luminescence, and proliferation was determined by basic fibroblast growth factor expression and alkaline phosphatase activity. RESULTS: Diabetic wounded cells irradiated at 1,064 nm showed a lesser degree of migration, viability, and proliferation compared to cells irradiated at 632.8 or 830 nm. Cells irradiated at 632.8 nm showed a higher degree of haptotaxis and migration as well as ATP luminescence compared to cells irradiated at 830 nm. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that LILI of diabetic wounded cells in the visible range (632.8 nm) was more beneficial to wound healing than irradiating the same cells to wavelengths in the infrared range. Cells irradiated at a longer wavelength of 1,064 nm performed worse. Article Published Date : Nov 30, 2010

Abstract Title: Chapter 25: Phototherapy in peripheral nerve injury: effects on muscle preservation and nerve regeneration. Abstract Source: Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;87:445-64. PMID: 19682654 Abstract Author(s): Shimon Rochkind, Stefano Geuna, Asher Shainberg Article Affiliation: Division of Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract: Posttraumatic nerve repair and prevention of muscle atrophy represent a major challenge of restorative medicine. Considerable interest exists in the potential therapeutic value of laser phototherapy for restoring or temporarily preventing denervated muscle atrophy as well as enhancing regeneration of severely injured peripheral nerves. Low-power laser irradiation (laser phototherapy) was applied for treatment of rat denervated muscle in order to estimate biochemical transformation on cellular and tissue levels, as well as on rat sciatic nerve model after crush injury, direct or side-to-end anastomosis, and neurotube reconstruction. Nerve cells' growth and axonal sprouting were investigated in embryonic rat brain cultures. The animal outcome allowed clinical double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study that measured the effectiveness of 780-nm laser phototherapy on patients suffering from incomplete peripheral nerve injuries for 6 months up to several years. In denervated muscles, animal study suggests that the function of denervated muscles can be partially preserved by temporary prevention of denervation-induced biochemical changes. The function of denervated muscles can be restored, not completely but to a very substantial degree, by laser treatment initiated at the earliest possible stage post injury. In peripheral nerve injury, laser phototherapy has an immediate protective effect. It maintains functional activity of the injured nerve for a long period, decreases scar tissue formation at the injury site, decreases degeneration in corresponding motor neurons of the spinal cord, and significantly increases axonal growth and myelinization. In cell cultures, laser irradiation accelerates migration, nerve cell growth, and fiber sprouting. In a pilot, clinical, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study in patients with incomplete long-term peripheral nerve injury, 780-nm laser irradiation can progressively improve peripheral nerve function, which leads to significant functional recovery. A 780-nm laser phototherapy temporarily preserves the function of a denervated muscle, and accelerates and enhances axonal growth and regeneration after peripheral nerve injury or reconstructive procedures. Laser activation of nerve cells, their growth, and axonal sprouting can be considered as potential treatment for neural injury. Animal and clinical studies show the promoting action of phototherapy on peripheral nerve regeneration, which makes it possible to suggest that the time for broader clinical trials has come. Article Published Date : Jan 01, 2009

Abstract Title: Stem cell proliferation under low intensity laser irradiation: a preliminary study. Abstract Source: Lasers Surg Med. 2008 Aug;40(6):433-8. PMID: 18649378 Abstract Author(s): Fernanda de P Eduardo, Daniela F Bueno, Patricia M de Freitas, Márcia Martins Marques, Maria Rita Passos-Bueno, Carlos de P Eduardo, Mayana Zatz Article Affiliation: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Unit of Bone Marrow Transplantation, São Paulo 05651-901, SP, Brazil. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Phototherapy with low intensity laser irradiation has shown to be effective in promoting the proliferation of different cells. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential effect of laser phototherapy (660 nm) on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hDPSC cell strain was used. Cells cultured under nutritional deficit (10% FBS) were either irradiated or not (control) using two different power settings (20 mW/6 seconds to 40 mW/3 seconds), with an InGaAIP diode laser. The cell growth was indirectly assessed by measuring the cell mitochondrial activity through the MTT reduction-based cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: The group irradiated with the 20 mW setting presented significantly higher MTT activity at 72 hours than the other two groups (negative control--10% FBS--and lased 40 mW with 3 seconds exposure time). After 24 hours of the first irradiation, cultures grown under nutritional deficit (10% FBS) and irradiated presented significantly higher viable cells than the non-irradiated cultures grown under the same nutritional conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study it was possible to conclude that the cell strain hDPSC responds positively to laser phototherapy by improving the cell growth when cultured under nutritional deficit conditions. Thus, the association of laser phototherapy and hDPSC cells could be of importance for future tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Moreover, it opens the possibility of using laser phototherapy for improving the cell growth of other types of stem cells. Article Published Date : Aug 01, 2008

Abstract Title: Effect of low level laser therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Abstract Source: Swiss Med Wkly. 2007 Jun 16 ;137(23-24):347-52. PMID: 17629805 Abstract Author(s): Ayse Ekim, Onur Armagan, Funda Tascioglu, Cengiz Oner, Meric Colak Article Affiliation: Ayse Ekim Abstract: OBJECTIVE: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: a total of 19 patients with the diagnosis of CTS in 19 hands were included and randomly assigned to two treatment groups; LLLT (Group 1) (10 hands) with dosage 1.5 J/ per point and placebo laser therapy group (Group 2) (9 hands). A Galium-Aluminum-Arsenide diode laser device was used as a source of low power laser with a power output of 50 mW and wavelength of 780 nm. All treatments were applied once a day on week days for a total period of 10 days. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, at the end of the treatment and at month 3. Tinel and Phalen signs were tested in all patients. Patients were evaluated for such clinical parameters as functional status scale (FSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), symptom severity scale (SSS) and grip-strength. However, electrophysiological examination was performed on all hands. Results were given with descriptive statistics and confidence intervals between group means at 3 months adjusted for outcome at baseline and for the difference between unadjusted group proportions. RESULTS: clinical and electrophysiological parameters were similar at baseline in both groups. Improvements were significantly more pronounced in the LLLT group than placebo group. A comparison between groups showed significant improvements in pain score and functional status scale score. Group mean differences at 3 months adjusted at baseline were found to be statistically significant for pain score and functional status scale score. The 95% significant confidence intervals were [-15 - (-5)] and [-5 - (-2)] respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in other clinical and electrophysiological parameters between groups at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: our study results indicate that LLLT and placebo laser therapy seems to be effective for pain and hand function in CTS. We, therefore, suggest that LLLT may be used as a good alternative treatment method in CTS patients with RA. Article Published Date : Jun 15, 2007

Abstract Title: low-level laser therapy applied transcranially to mice following traumatic brain injury significantly reduces long-term neurological deficits. Abstract Source: J Neurotrauma. 2007 Apr;24(4):651-6. PMID: 17439348 Abstract Author(s): Amir Oron, Uri Oron, Jackson Streeter, Luis de Taboada, Alexander Alexandrovich, Victoria Trembovler, Esther Shohami Article Affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been evaluated in this study as a potential therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). LLLT has been found to modulate various biological processes. Following TBI in mice, we assessed the hypothesis that LLLT might have a beneficial effect on their neurobehavioral and histological outcome. TBI was induced by a weight-drop device, and motor function was assessed 1 h post-trauma using a neurological severity score (NSS). Mice were then divided into three groups of eight mice each: one control group that received a sham LLLT procedure and was not irradiated; and two groups that received LLLT at two different doses (10 and 20 mW/cm(2) ) transcranially. An 808-nm Ga-As diode laser was employed transcranially 4 h post-trauma to illuminate the entire cortex of the brain. Motor function was assessed up to 4 weeks, and lesion volume was measured. There were no significant changes in NSS at 24 and 48 h between the laser-treated and non-treated mice. Yet, from 5 days and up to 28 days, the NSS of the laser-treated mice were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the traumatized control mice that were not treated with the laser. The lesion volume of the laser treated mice was significantly lower (1.4%) than the non-treated group (12.1%). Our data suggest that a non-invasive transcranial application of LLLT given 4 h following TBI provides a significant long-term functional neurological benefit. Further confirmatory trials are warranted. Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2007

Abstract Title: Cultured epithelial cells response to phototherapy with low intensity laser. Abstract Source: Lasers Surg Med. 2007 Apr;39(4):365-72. PMID: 17457843 Abstract Author(s): Fernanda P Eduardo, Dolores U Mehnert, Telma A Monezi, Denise M Zezell, Mark M Schubert, Carlos P Eduardo, Márcia M Marques Article Affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the intracellular response of epithelial cells to phototherapy. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of phototherapy with low-energy lasers with different wavelengths and powers on cultured epithelial cell growth under different nutritional conditions. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epithelial cell cultures (Vero cell line) grown in nutritional deficit in culture medium supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were irradiated with low-energy laser from one to three times with a GaAlAs laser (660 nm) and InGaAlP (780 nm), 40 and 70 mW, respectively, with 3 or 5 J/cm2. Cell growth was indirectly assessed by measuring the cell mitochondrial activity. RESULTS: Nonirradiated cell cultures grown in nutritional regular medium supplemented with 10% FBS produced higher cell growth than all cultures grown in nutritional deficit irradiated or not. The overall cell growth of cultures grown under nutritionally deficit conditions was significantly improved especially when irradiated with 780 nm for three times. CONCLUSIONS: Phototherapy with the laser parameters tested increases epithelial cell growth rate for cells stressed by growth under nutritionally deficient states. This cell growth improvement is directly proportional to the number of irradiations; however, was not enough to reach the full cell growth potential rate of Vero epithelial cell line observed when growing under nutritional regular condition. Article Published Date : Apr 01, 2007

Abstract Title: WITHDRAWN: Low level laser therapy (Classes III) for treating osteoarthritis. Abstract Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007(1):CD002046. Epub 2007 Jul 18. PMID: 17636694 Abstract Author(s): L Brosseau, V Robinson, G Wells, R Debie, A Gam, K Harman, M Morin, B Shea, P Tugwell Article Affiliation: University of Ottawa, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8M5. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) affects a large portion of the population. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a light source that generates extremely pure light, of a single wavelength. The effect is not thermal, but rather related to photochemical reactions in the cells. LLLT was introduced as an alternative non-invasive treatment for OA about 30 years ago, but its effectiveness has to be examined more closely, especially in the treatment of OA. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of class III LLLT for osteoarthritis when irradiation is directed at the osteoarthritic joint capsule. SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches were conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Musculoskeletal registry, the Rehabilitation and Related Therapies field registry and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register up to May, 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA: Following an a prior protocol, only controlled clinical trials of LLLT for the treatment of patients with a clinical diagnosis of OA were eligible. Abstracts lacking data were excluded unless further data could be obtained from the authors. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected trials and extracted data using predetermined forms. A fixed effects model was used throughout for continuous variables, except where heterogeneity existed; in which case, a random effects model was used. Results were analyzed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), whereas the difference between the treatment and control groups was weighted by the inverse of the variance. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated by dividing the difference between treatment and control by the baseline variance, and were used in the analysis of pain because different scales were used to measure it. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with relative risk (RR). MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials were included with 233 patients randomized to laser and 172 patients to placebo laser. Treatment duration ranged from two to six weeks. Pain was assessed in seven trials. When the results were pooled from different pain scales used in these seven trials, a statistically significant difference in favor of laser treatment was found with a SMD of -0.28 (95% CI: -0.48 to -0.09). One of these studies also measured pain during movement and found a statistically significant difference in favor of laser treatment with a WMD of -1.16 (95% CI: -2.02 to -0.30). Two studies found significant results for increased knee range of motion. Two others studies found a statistically significant difference in favor of laser treatment for patient-assessed global disease activity with laser compared to placebo (RR 1.70, 95%CI: 1.1. to 2.63). One trial evaluated the effectiveness of laser treatment in temporomandibular joint OA and found a statistically significant difference (WMD 38.69, 95% CI: 29.25 to 48.13) using the change in VAS score to measure pain. One study found a statistically significant difference in favor of laser treatment at the end of treatment and at 4 and 8 weeks post-treatment for morning stiffness. Other outcome measures of joint tenderness and strength did not yield significant differences. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Five trials included in this review showed a statistically significant difference favoring laser treatment when compared to placebo for at least one outcome measure. Three trials did not report beneficial effects. The varying results of these trials may be due to the method of laser application and/or other features of LLLT application. Clinicians and researchers should consistently report the characteristics of LLLT devices and application techniques used. New trials on LLLT should make use of standardized, validated outcomes. There is clearly a need to investigate the effects of different dosages on LLLT effectiveness for OA in future randomized, controlled clinical trials. Also, more studies should be done to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of laser as well as the appropriate parameters needed to achieve an anti-inflammatory effect.

Abstract Title: Low-level laser therapy applied transcranially to rats after induction of stroke significantly reduces long-term neurological deficits. Abstract Source: Stroke. 2006 Oct;37(10):2620-4. Epub 2006 Aug 31. PMID: 16946145 Abstract Author(s): Amir Oron, Uri Oron, Jieli Chen, Anda Eilam, Chunling Zhang, Menachem Sadeh, Yair Lampl, Jackson Streeter, Luis DeTaboada, Michael Chopp Article Affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modulates various biological processes. In the present study, we assessed the hypothesis that LLLT after induction of stroke may have a beneficial effect on ischemic brain tissue. METHODS: Two sets of experiments were performed. Stroke was induced in rats by (1) permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery through a craniotomy or (2) insertion of a filament. After induction of stroke, a battery of neurological and functional tests (neurological score, adhesive removal) was performed. Four and 24 hours poststroke, a Ga-As diode laser was used transcranially to illuminate the hemisphere contralateral to the stroke at a power density of 7.5 mW/cm2. RESULTS: In both models of stroke, LLLT significantly reduced neurological deficits when applied 24 hours poststroke. Application of the laser at 4 hours poststroke did not affect the neurological outcome of the stroke-induced rats as compared with controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the stroke lesion area between control and laser-irradiated rats. The number of newly formed neuronal cells, assessed by double immunoreactivity to bromodeoxyuridine and tubulin isotype III as well as migrating cells (doublecortin immunoactivity), was significantly elevated in the subventricular zone of the hemisphere ipsilateral to the induction of stroke when treated by LLLT. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that a noninvasive intervention of LLLT issued 24 hours after acute stroke may provide a significant functional benefit with an underlying mechanism possibly being induction of neurogenesis. Article Published Date : Oct 01, 2006

Abstract Title: Efficacy of low power laser therapy in fibromyalgia: a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Abstract Source: Lasers Med Sci. 2002 ;17(1):57-61. PMID: 11845369 Abstract Author(s): A Gür, M Karakoç, K Nas, R Cevik, J Saraç, E Demir Article Affiliation: A Gür Abstract: Low energy lasers are widely used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal conditions including fibromyalgia, despite the lack of scientific evidence to support its efficacy. A randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low-energy laser therapy in 40 female patients with fibromyalgia. Patients with fibromyalgia were randomly allocated to active (Ga-As) laser or placebo laser treatment daily for two weeks except weekends. Both the laser and placebo laser groups were evaluated for the improvement in pain, number of tender points, skinfold tenderness, stiffness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and muscular spasm. In both groups, significant improvements were achieved in all parameters (p<0.05) except sleep disturbance, fatigue and skinfold tenderness in the placebo laser group (p>0.05). It was found that there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to all parameters before therapy whereas a significant difference was observed in parameters as pain, muscle spasm, morning stiffness and tender point numbers in favour of laser group after therapy (p<0.05). None of the participants reported any side effects. Our study suggests that laser therapy is effective on pain, muscle spasm, morning stiffness, and total tender point number in fibromyalgia and suggests that this therapy method is a safe and effective way of treatment in the cases with fibromyalgia. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2001