Abstract Title: Effect ofTWK10 on Exercise Physiological Adaptation, Performance, and Body Composition in Healthy Humans. Abstract Source: Nutrients. 2019 Nov 19 ;11(11). Epub 2019 Nov 19. PMID: 31752370 Abstract Author(s): Wen-Ching Huang, Mon-Chien Lee, Chia-Chia Lee, Ker-Sin Ng, Yi-Ju Hsu, Tsung-Yu Tsai, San-Land Young, Jin-Seng Lin, Chi-Chang Huang Article Affiliation: Wen-Ching Huang Abstract: Probiotics have been rapidly developed for health promotion, but clinical validation of the effects on exercise physiology has been limited. In a previous study,TWK10 (TWK10), isolated from Taiwanese pickled cabbage as a probiotic, was demonstrated to improve exercise performance in an animal model. Thus, in the current study, we attempted to further validate the physiological function and benefits through clinical trials for the purpose of translational research. The study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. A total of 54 healthy participants (27 men and 27 women) aged 20-30 years without professional athletic training were enrolled and randomly allocated to the placebo, low (3× 10colony forming units (CFU)), and high dose (9× 10CFU) TWK10 administration groups (= 18 per group, with equal sexes). The functional and physiological assessments were conducted by exhaustive treadmill exercise measurements (85% VO), and related biochemical indices were measured before and after six weeks of administration. Fatigue-associated indices, including lactic acid, blood ammonia, blood glucose, and creatinine kinase, were continuously monitored during 30 min of exercise and a 90 min rest period using fixed intensity exercise challenges (60% VO) to understand the physiological adaptation. The systemic inflammation and body compositions were also acquired and analyzed during the experimental process. The results showed that TWK10 significantly elevated the exercise performance in a dose-dependent manner and improved the fatigue-associated features correlated with better physiological adaptation. The change in body composition shifted in the healthy direction for TWK10 administration groups, especially for the high TWK10 dose group, which showed that body fat significantly decreased and muscle mass significantly increased. Taken together, our results suggest that TWK10 has the potential to be an ergogenic aid to improve aerobic endurance performance via physiological adaptation effects. Article Published Date : Nov 18, 2019

Abstract Title: Electroacupuncture Versus Aerobic Interval Training on Liver Functions in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. Abstract Source: J Altern Complement Med. 2019 Oct 29. Epub 2019 Oct 29. PMID: 31657614 Abstract Author(s): Ramy Salama Draz, Zahra M H Serry, Awny Fouad Rahmy, Maha Saber El Bardesi, Mona Mohamed Taha Article Affiliation: Ramy Salama Draz Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered one of the most common and most important conditions affecting the liver, because of its increasing prevalence all over the world. It is usually associated with elevated liver enzymes and ranges from simple steatosis to liver cirrhosis. This study was conducted to compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) versus aerobic interval training (AIT) exercise and how they affect liver functions in people suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver.This study was carried out on 50 female patients suffering from NAFLD with age ranging from 30 to 55 years; they were randomly divided into two equal groups: group A received (EA) stimulation at points of liver 3 (LR3), liver 14 (LR14), gall bladder 34 (GB34), and stomach 36 (ST36), whereas group B received AIT exercise. All patients in both groups A and B received 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks (receiving noninterrupted 18 sessions) in addition to their standard medications. Evaluation of all patients in both groups A and B was carried out before and after the treatment program by measuring the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TGs), and C-reactive protein (CRP).There is a significant decrease ( < 0.05) of ALT, AST, TGs, and CRP within each group, A and B, after 6 weeks of treatment sessions. A significant difference post-treatment was found between both groups in ALT, AST, and TGs ( < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in CRP ( > 0.05) between both groups post-treatment.It can be concluded that both EA and AIT exercise are potent modalities that improve liver functions in people with NAFLD with better effect toward EA. Article Published Date : Oct 28, 2019

Abstract Title: The effects of acute aerobic exercise on mood and inflammation in individuals with multiple sclerosis and incomplete spinal cord injury. Abstract Source: NeuroRehabilitation. 2019 Aug 19. Epub 2019 Aug 19. PMID: 31450521 Abstract Author(s): Scott A Donia, David J Allison, Kimberley L Gammage, David S Ditor Article Affiliation: Scott A Donia Abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with increased risks of depression. Acute exercise may improve mood in these populations via its affect on inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To determine if acute exercise can positively affect mood in individuals with SCI and MS, and whether exercise-induced changes in inflammation contribute to such improvements. METHODS: Thirteen participants completed 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise. Mood data (POMS questionnaire) and blood samples were taken before and after exercise, and blood was analyzed for inflammatory mediators and kynurenine pathway metabolites. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in total mood disturbance (TMD) pre to post-exercise, and pre to one-hour post-exercise. There was a significant decrease in TNF-α from pre to post-exercise, with further reductions one-hour post-exercise. There were no correlations between changes in TMD and changes in inflammation. However, changes in certain cytokines showed significant or trending correlations with changes in subsets of the POMS. Likewise, there was a trend for a correlation between exercise-induced changes in KYN/TRP and depression (p = 0.096). CONCLUSIONS: Acute exercise can positively affect mood after SCI and MS, and this change may be partially accounted for by exercise-induced changes in inflammation. This relationship may be, in part, kynurenine pathway-dependent. Article Published Date : Aug 18, 2019

Abstract Title: Insulin sensitivity improvement with exercise training is mediated by body weight loss in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Abstract Source: Diabetes Metab. 2019 May 31. Epub 2019 May 31. PMID: 31158474 Abstract Author(s): Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez, Juan Fernando Ortega, Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez, Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas, Felix Morales-Palomo Article Affiliation: Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez Abstract: AIM: - To determine whether exercise training improves insulin actions through concomitant body weight loss (BWL). METHODS: - Subjects (aged 55± 8 years) with metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes (fasting blood glucose: 111 ± 2 mg·dL, HbA1c: 5.85± 0.05%) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference: 104 ± 7.9 cm) were randomly allocated to either a group performing aerobic interval training (EXER; n = 76) or a sedentary group receiving lifestyle counselling (CONT; n = 20) for 16 weeks. Results - At baseline, insulin sensitivity (according to HOMA2 and intravenous glucose tolerance test; CS), body composition and VOwere similar between the groups. After the intervention, both groups had similar BWL (1-2%), but only the EXER group showed decreased [mean (95% CI)] trunk fat mass [from 18.2 (17.4-18.9) to 17.3 kg (16.6-17.9); P<0.001] and HOMA2 scores [from 1.6 (1.5-1.7) to 1.4 (1.3-1.5); P = 0.001], and increased VO[from 2.07 (1.92-2.21) to 2.28 (2.11-2.45) LO·min; P<0.001]. However, CSdid not improve in any group. Within-group subdivision by BWL (≤ 0%, 0-3%, ≥ 3%) revealed higher CSin those with BWL≥ 3% in both groups. Trunk fat mass reductions were closely associated with CSand HOMA-IR improvement (r = -0.452-0.349; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: - In obese MetS subjects with prediabetes, 3% BWL is required for consistent improvement in insulin sensitivity. Thus, exercise-training programmes should be combined with calorie restriction to achieve BWL levels that prevent the development of diabetes. Article Published Date : May 30, 2019

Abstract Title: Aerobic Training and Green Tea Extract Protect against NMU-induced Prostate Cancer. Abstract Source: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 May 29. Epub 2019 May 29. PMID: 31157709 Abstract Author(s): Saber Saedmocheshi, Marziyeh Saghebjoo, Zakaria Vahabzadeh, Dariush Sheikholeslami-Vatani Article Affiliation: Saber Saedmocheshi Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aerobic training and green tea extract can be used to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight-week aerobic exercise training and administration of green tea extract on the level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and p53 tumor suppressor protein (p53) in prostate of rats which were stimulated by N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) to induce the prostate cancer. METHODS: 60 adult male Wistar rats were assigned into six groups including healthy control (HCt), cancer control (CCt), cancer training (CTr: 45 min/day at low-moderate intensity, 5 times/week, 8 weeks), cancer extract (CEx: 1.34 ml of green tea extract, 3 times/week, 8 weeks), cancer training+ cancer extract (CTr+CEx) and sham groups. Rats were sacrificed 48 hours after the last intervention session, and the prostate tissue was isolated to measure the levels of NF-kB, COX-2, and p53. RESULTS: The NF- kB level in CCt group was increased significantly compared to the HCt (P=0.02). In the CTr group, NF-kB level was decreased significantly compared to the CCt and CEx groups (P=0.001 and 0.05, respectively). In addition, the levels of P53 protein were reduced in CTr, CEx and CTr+CEx groups compared to CCt group (P=0.001, 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). No significant changes were found in the level of COX-2 between groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a long-term exercise training combined with the intake of green tea extract may reduce levels of NF-kB and p53 in rats with prostate cancer. Given the importance of recognizing complementary therapies in this regard, future studies are warranted. Article Published Date : May 28, 2019

Abstract Title: Exercise influence on the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Abstract Source: Gut Microbes. 2019 Jan 31:1-14. Epub 2019 Jan 31. PMID: 30704343 Abstract Author(s): Alyssa Dalton, Christine Mermier, Micah Zuhl Article Affiliation: Alyssa Dalton Abstract: The microbiome in the gut is a diverse environment, housing the majority of our bacterial microbes. This microecosystem has a symbiotic relationship with the surrounding multicellular organism, and a balance and diversity of specific phyla of bacteria support general health. When gut bacteria diversity diminishes, there are systemic consequences, such as gastrointestinal and psychological distress. This pathway of communication is known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Interventions such as probiotic supplementation that influence microbiome also improve both gut and brain disorders. Recent evidence suggests that aerobic exercise improves the diversity and abundance of genera from the Firmcutes phylum, which may be the link between the positive effects of exercise on the gut and brain. The purpose of this review is to explain the complex communication pathway of the microbiome-gut-brain axis and further examine the role of exercise on influencing this communication highway. Article Published Date : Jan 30, 2019

Abstract Title: Effect of combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic rats. Abstract Source: Nutrition. 2019 Jan 24 ;63-64:45-50. Epub 2019 Jan 24. PMID: 30928787 Abstract Author(s): Naoki Horii, Natsuki Hasegawa, Shumpei Fujie, Masataka Uchida, Keiko Iemitsu, Kenichiro Inoue, Motoyuki Iemitsu Article Affiliation: Naoki Horii Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chlorella is a type of unicellular green algae that contains various nutrients. Habitual exercise and chlorella treatment can improve insulin resistance in obese or diabetic animal models. However, the additive effects of combined chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training would produce greater effects on improving glycemic control in rats with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-wk-old male rats with type 2 diabetes (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF] rats) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control, aerobic exercise training (treadmill running for 1 h, 25m/min, 5 d/wk), chlorella intake (0.5% chlorella powder in normal diet), or combination of aerobic exercise training and chlorella intake for 8 wk (n = 7 per group). RESULTS: Chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and total glucose area under the curve during the oral glucose tolerance test and increased the insulin sensitivity index concomitant with muscle phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activity, protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation levels. Furthermore, a combination of chlorella intake and aerobic exercise training significantly further improved these effects compared with aerobic exercise training or chlorella intake alone. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that chlorella intake combined with aerobic exercise training had more pronounced effects on the improvement of glycemic control via further activation of muscle PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling in rats with type 2 diabetes. Article Published Date : Jan 23, 2019

Abstract Title: Aerobic Physical Exercise as a Neuroprotector Strategy for Ethanol Binge-Drinking Effects in the Hippocampus and Systemic Redox Status in Rats. Abstract Source: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 ;2019:2415243. Epub 2019 Jul 4. PMID: 31354903 Abstract Author(s): Dinair Pamplona-Santos, Kátia Lamarão-Vieira, Priscila C Nascimento, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt, Márcio G Corrêa, Savio M Dos Santos, Sabrina C Cartágenes, Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes, Marta C Monteiro, Cristiane S F Maia, Rafael Rodrigues Lima Article Affiliation: Dinair Pamplona-Santos Abstract: The heavy and episodic EtOH drinking pattern, equivalent to weekend consumption, characterizes the binge-drinking pattern and promotes a misbalance of encephalic metabolic functions, concurring to neurodegeneration and cerebral dysfunction. And for being a legal drug, it has global public health and social relevance. In this way, we aimed to investigate the effects of physical training, in a treadmill, on the deleterious effects of EtOH on hippocampal functions, related to memory and learning. For this, we used 40 Wistar rats, divided into four groups: Control group, Trained group (trained animals with doses of distilled water), EtOH group (nontrained animals with doses of 3 g/kg/day of EtOH, 20%/), and Trained+EtOH group (trained animals exposed to EtOH). The physical exercise was performed by running on a treadmill for 5 days a week for 4 weeks, and all doses of EtOH were administered through intragastric gavage in four repeated cycles of EtOH in binge. After the experimental period, the animals were submitted to the object recognition task and Morris water maze test, and after being euthanized, the blood and hippocampus were collected for Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), Reduced Glutathione Content (GSH), and Nitrite and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) level measurements. Our results showed that EtOH caused marked oxidative stress and mnemonic damage, and the physical exercise promoted neuroprotective effects, among them, the modulation of oxidative biochemistry in plasma (by restoring GSH levels) and in the hippocampus (by reducing LPO levels and increasing antioxidant parameters) and cognitive function improvement. Therefore, physical exercise can be an important prophylactic and therapeutic tool in order to ameliorate and even prevent the deleterious effects of EtOH on cognitive functions. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Effect of photobiomodulation and exercise on early remodeling of the Achilles tendon in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Abstract Source: PLoS One. 2019 ;14(2):e0211643. Epub 2019 Feb 4. PMID: 30716140 Abstract Author(s): Anderson Rodrigues de Oliveira, Flávio Santos da Silva, Raul Hernandes Bortolin, Dáfiny Emanuele da Silva Marques, Gracielle Vieira Ramos, Rita C Marqueti, Naisandra Bezerra da Silva, Karina Carla de Paula Medeiros, Márcio Assolin Corrêa, João Paulo Matos Santos Lima, Adriana Augusto de Rezende, Paul W Ackermann, Bento J Abreu, Wouber Hérickson de Brito Vieira Article Affiliation: Anderson Rodrigues de Oliveira Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the treatment effects of laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) therapy and aerobic exercise on the biomechanical properties, tissue morphology and the expression of tendon matrix molecules during early remodeling of Achilles tendon (AT) injury in diabetic rats. Animals were randomly assigned to five groups: injured non diabetic (I, n = 15), injured diabetic (ID, n = 15), injured diabetic plus LPBM (IDL, n = 16), injured diabetic plus aerobic exercise (IDE, n = 16) and injured diabetic plus aerobic exercise and LPBM (IDEAL, n = 17). Type 1 diabetes was induced via a single intravenous injection of Streptozotocin at a dose of 40 mg/kg. A partial tenotomy was performed in the right AT. LPBM was performed with an indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide 660 nm 10 mW laser device (spot size 0.04 cm2, power density 250 mW/cm2, irradiation duration 16 s, energy 0.16 J, energy density 4 J/cm2) on alternate days for a total of 9 sessions over 3 weeks (total energy 1.44 J), using a stationary contact technique to a single point over the dorsal aspect of the AT. Moderate aerobic exercise was performed on a motorized treadmill (velocity 9 m/min for 60 minutes). At 3 weeks post-injury, biomechanical analyzes as well as assessment of fibroblast number and orientation were performed. Collagen 1 (Col1) and 3 (Col3) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -3 and 13 protein distributions were studied by immunohistochemistry; while Col1 and Col3 and MMP-2 and 9 gene expression were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). IDEAL exhibited significant increases in several biomechanical parameters in comparison to the other groups. Moreover, IDEAL presented stronger Col1 immunoreactivity when compared to ID, and weaker Col3 immunoreactivity than IDE. Both IDL and IDEAL demonstrated weaker expression of MMP-3 in comparison to I, while IDL presented no expression of MMP-13 when compared to ID. ID, IDL and IDE showed an increased number of fibroblasts in comparison to I, while IDEAL decreased the number of these cells in comparison to ID and IDE. IDL and IDEAL groups exhibited decreased angular dispersion among the fibroblasts when compared to I. The gene expression results showed that IDE demonstrated a downregulation in Col1 mRNA expression in comparison to I and ID. IDEAL demonstrated upregulation of Col1 mRNA expression when compared to IDL or IDE alone and increased MMP-2 expression when compared to IDL and IDE. MMP-9 expression was upregulated in IDEAL when compared to I, IDL and IDE. Our results suggest a beneficial interaction of combining both treatment strategies i.e., aerobic exercise and LPBM, on the biomechanical properties, tissue morphology and the expression of matrix molecules in diabetic tendons. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Physical Exercise Induces Immunoregulation of TREG, M2, and pDCs in a Lung Allergic Inflammation Model. Abstract Source: Front Immunol. 2019 ;10:854. Epub 2019 May 16. PMID: 31156611 Abstract Author(s): Paula Fernandes, Luana de Mendonça Oliveira, Thayse Regina Brüggemann, Maria Notomi Sato, Clarice Rosa Olivo, Fernanda Magalhães Arantes-Costa Article Affiliation: Paula Fernandes Abstract: The benefits of moderate aerobic physical exercise for allergic asthma are well-known, particularly that of the anti-inflammatory effect that occurs by reducing Th2 responses and lung remodeling. However, the mechanisms of this immunoregulation are still under investigation. In this study, we investigated the possible immunoregulatory mechanisms of lung inflammation induced by moderate aerobic exercise in an experimental asthma model. BALB/c mice were distributed into Control, Exercise (EX), OVA, and OEX groups. OVA and OEX groups were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 42 and were challenged with OVA aerosol three times a week from days 21 to 51. The EX and OEX groups underwent moderate aerobic physical exercise from days 21 to 51 (5 d/w, 1 h/d). The mice were euthanized on day 52. We evaluated pulmonary cytokine production, serum immunoglobulin levels, and the inflammatory cell profile in lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. OVA mice showed increased expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β and decreased macrophage type 2 (M2) recruitment. Physical exercise did not affect the increased antibody production of IgG2a, IgG1, or IgE induced by OVA. Of note, physical exercise alone markedly increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. Physical exercise inOVA-mice also increased the recruitment of M2 in the lungs, as well as the influx and activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. In the draining lymph nodes, it was also observed that physical exercise increased the activation of CD4 T cells, regardless of the presence ofOVA. Notably, physical exercise decreased common dendritic cells' (cDCs; pro-inflammatory) expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86, and ICOSL in the draining lymph nodes, as well as increased ICOSL in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs; anti-inflammatory). Together, these findingsshow that physical exercise modulates pulmonary allergic inflammation by increasing Treg and M2 recruitment, as well as pDCs activation, which leads to an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cells and mediators. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Acute Supplementation with Molecular Hydrogen Benefits Submaximal Exercise Indices. Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study. Abstract Source: J Lifestyle Med. 2019 Jan ;9(1):36-43. Epub 2019 Jan 31. PMID: 30918832 Abstract Author(s): Tyler W LeBaron, Abigail J Larson, Shigeo Ohta, Toshio Mikami, Jordon Barlow, Josh Bulloch, Mark DeBeliso Article Affiliation: Tyler W LeBaron Abstract: Background: Clinical studies have reported hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to have therapeutic and ergogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute supplementation with HRW on exercise performance as measured by VO, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR). Methods: Baseline levels of all exercise indices were determined in nineteen (4 female, 23.4± 9.1 yr; 15 male, 30.5 ± 6.8 yr) healthy subjects using a graded treadmill exercise test to exhaustion. Each subject was examined two additional times in a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover fashion. Subjects received either HRW or placebo, which was consumed the day before and the day of the testing. HRW was delivered using the hydrogen-producing tablets, DrinkHRW (5 mg of H). All data was analyzed with SPSS using pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment. Results: HRW supplementation did not influence maximal or minimal indices of exercise performance (VO, RER, HR and RR) (p<0.05). However, HRW significantly decreased average exercising RR and HR (p<0.05). HRW decreased exercising HR during minutes 1-9 of the graded exercise test (121± 26 bpm) compared to placebo (126 ± 26 bpm) and baseline (124 ± 27 bpm) (p<0.001) without substantially influencing VO. Conclusion: Acute supplementation of DrinkHRW tablets may benefit submaximal aerobic exercise performance by lowering exercising HR. Further studies are needed to determine the influence and practical significance of HRW on varying exercise intensities as well as optimal dosing protocols and the effects of chronic use. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Hyperbaric oxygen and aerobic exercise in the long-term treatment of fibromyalgia: A narrative review. Abstract Source: Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan ;109:629-638. Epub 2018 Nov 3. PMID: 30399600 Abstract Author(s): Kholoud M El-Shewy, Ahmad Kunbaz, Mohamed M Gad, Muneer J Al-Husseini, Anas M Saad, Yasser M Sammour, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim Article Affiliation: Kholoud M El-Shewy Abstract: Chronic pain is one of the most common clinical presentations in the primary care settings. In the US, Fibromyalgia (FM) affects about 1-3% of adults and commonly occurs in adults between the ages of 40-50 years. FM causes widespread muscular pain and tenderness with hyperalgesia and allodynia and may be associated with other somatic complaints. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been utilized and has recently shown promising effects in the management of FM and other chronic pain disorders. In HBOT, the intermittent breathing of 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber where the pressure is higher than 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA) has been utilized. HBOT exhibits a significant anti-inflammatory effect through reducing production of glial cells and inflammatory mediators which results in pain alleviation in different chronic pain conditions. HBOT can also influence neuroplasticity and affects the mitochondrial mechanisms resulting in functional brain changes. In addition to that, HBOT stimulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis which helps in alleviating hyperalgesia and NO-dependent release of endogenous opioids which seemed to be the primary HBOT mechanism of antinociception. Moreover, aerobic exercise and meditative movement therapies (MMT) have gained attention for their role in pain alleviation through different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. In this review, we aim to elucidate the different mechanisms of HBOT and aerobic exercise in attenuating pain as adjuvant therapy in the multidisciplinary treatment strategy of chronic pain, and more particularly fibromyalgia. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Combined aerobic and resistance training, and incidence of diabetes: A retrospective cohort study in Japanese older women. Abstract Source: J Diabetes Investig. 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18. PMID: 30561143 Abstract Author(s): Susumu S Sawada, Yuko Gando, Ryoko Kawakami, Steven N Blair, I-Min Lee, Yoshifumi Tamura, Hitomi Tsuda, Hikaru Saito, Motohiko Miyachi Article Affiliation: Susumu S Sawada Abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To investigate the relationship between combined aerobic and resistance training, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study included 10,680 Japanese women. Participants enrolled between 2005 and 2010, and were followed up until 2014. The frequency of combined training was counted for the first 3 months, the 6th month and the 9th month. In 2014, women reported whether or not they had diabetes, as well as the year of developing diabetes. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the incidence of type 2 diabetes were obtained using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The median duration of follow up was 5 years, with 166 women developing type 2 diabetes. Using the lowest frequency of training group (1st quartile) as the reference, the hazard ratios for the second through fourth quartiles was as follows: 0.95 (95% CI 0.64-1.41), 0.73 (95% CI 0.48-1.13) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.44-1.07), respectively (P for trend = 0.116). After adjustment for age, body mass index and thigh circumference, the hazard ratios were: 0.84 (95% CI 0.56-1.26), 0.69 (95% CI 0.45-1.06) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.95), respectively (P for trend = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of combined aerobic and resistance training is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Japanese women. Article Published Date : Dec 17, 2018

Abstract Title: Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with L-Citrulline Supplementation on Functional Capacities and Muscle Function in Dynapenic-Obese Older Adults. Abstract Source: J Clin Med. 2018 Dec 17 ;7(12). Epub 2018 Dec 17. PMID: 30562948 Abstract Author(s): Fanny Buckinx, Gilles Gouspillou, Livia P Carvalho, Vincent Marcangeli, Guy El Hajj Boutros, Maude Dulac, Philippe Noirez, José A Morais, Pierette Gaudreau, Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre Article Affiliation: Fanny Buckinx Abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alone vs. HIIT combined with L-citrulline (CIT) supplementation on functional capacity and muscle function in dynapenic-obese elderly. METHODS: A total of 56 obese (fat mass: men>25%, women>35%) and dynapenic (grip strength/body weight: women<0.44, men<0.61) subjects were recruited and divided in two groups: HIIT+CIT (= 26; age: 6 5± four years) vs. HIIT+Placebo (PLA,= 30; age: 68± four years). Participants followed a 12-week HIIT using an elliptical trainer. Participants took a single and isocaloric 10 g-dose of CIT or PLA every day. Body composition; functional and aerobic capacities; absolute or relative upper and lower limbs muscle strength, muscle power; and energy balance were measured pre and post intervention. RESULTS: Both groups significantly improved functional capacity and muscle function. However, HIIT+CIT demonstrated greater improvements in fast-paced Timed Up& Go (= 0.04) and upper limbs muscle strength (absolute and relative) (= 0.05) than HIIT+Placebo. CONCLUSION: CIT supplementation when combined with HIIT seems to induce greater improvements in upper limbs muscle strength and walking speed in dynapenic-obese elderly. Further studies are needed to confirm our results, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of CIT and to define the long-term impact of CIT/HIIT. Article Published Date : Dec 16, 2018

Abstract Title: Effects of Exercise Modality on Insulin Resistance and Ectopic Fat in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Abstract Source: J Pediatr. 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12. PMID: 30554789 Abstract Author(s): SoJung Lee, Ingrid Libman, Kara Hughan, Jennifer L Kuk, Jong H Jeong, Di Zhang, Silva Arslanian Article Affiliation: SoJung Lee Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether a combined aerobic exercise and resistance exercise is more effective than either aerobic exercise or resistance exercise alone in improving insulin sensitivity and reducing total adiposity and ectopic fat in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 118 sedentary adolescents with overweight/obesity (body mass index>85th percentile, 12-17 years) were recruited from October 2013 through April 2017 at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Participants were randomized to 1 of the following 6-month exercise groups (3 d/wk, 180 min/wk): aerobic exercise (n = 38), resistance exercise (n = 40), and combined aerobic exercise and resistance exercise (n = 40). The primary outcome was the change in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by a 3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The secondary outcomes were changes in liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and intermuscular adipose tissue by computed tomography. RESULTS: Of the 118 participants randomized, 85 participants (72%) completed the study with 90% exercise attendance. Total adiposity reduced similarly in all groups (-2%, P < .05). After adjusting for age and sex, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal increased (P < .05) in all groups, with the increase in the aerobic exercise group being greater than the resistance exercise group (1.7 ± 0.1 vs 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, P < .05) but not different from the combined group (1.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min). Liver fat was reduced (P < .05) in the aerobic exercise (-0.6%) and combined (-0.6%) groups but not in the resistance exercise group (-0.3%, P > .05). Intermuscular adipose tissue decreased (P < .05) similarly in all groups. CONCLUSION: Combined aerobic exercise and resistance exercise and aerobic exercise alone are similarly beneficial in improving insulin sensitivity and reducing ectopic fat in adolescents with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT01938950. Article Published Date : Dec 11, 2018

Abstract Title: Aerobic exercise training improves insulin-induced vasorelaxation in a vessel-specific manner in rats with insulin-treated experimental diabetes. Abstract Source: Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018 Dec 11:1479164118815279. Epub 2018 Dec 11. PMID: 30537862 Abstract Author(s): Matthew W McDonald, T Dylan Olver, Michelle S Dotzert, Thomas J Jurrissen, Earl G Noble, Jaume Padilla, Cw James Melling Article Affiliation: Matthew W McDonald Abstract: Vascular insulin resistance often precedes endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Strategies to limit vascular dysfunction include intensive insulin therapy (4-9 mM) and aerobic training. To avoid the risk of hypoglycaemia, individuals often prescribed conventional insulin therapy (9-15 mM) and participate in resistance training. In a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus, this study examined insulin-induced vasomotor function in the aorta and femoral artery to determine (1) whether resistance training with conventional insulin therapy provides the same benefits as aerobic training with conventional insulin therapy, (2) whether aerobic training or resistance training, when paired with conventional insulin therapy, results in superior vasomotor function compared to intensive insulin therapy alone and (3) whether vessel-specific adaptations exist. Groups consisted of conventional insulin therapy, intensive insulin therapy, aerobic training with conventional insulin therapy and resistance training with conventional insulin therapy. Following multiple low doses of streptozotocin, male Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented with insulin to maintain blood glucose concentrations (9-15 mM: conventional insulin therapy, aerobic training and resistance training; 4-9 mM: intensive insulin therapy) for 12 weeks. Aerobic training performed treadmill exercise and resistance training consisted of weighted climbing. Coinciding with increased Akt signalling, aerobic training resulted in enhanced insulin-induced vasorelaxation in the femoral artery. Intensive insulin therapy displayed increased mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and no improvement in insulin-stimulated vasorelaxation compared to all other groups. These data suggest that aerobic training may be more beneficial for limiting the pathogenesis of vascular disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus than merely intensive insulin therapy. Article Published Date : Dec 10, 2018

Abstract Title: A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise during cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment. Abstract Source: Support Care Cancer. 2018 Oct ;26(10):3337-3351. Epub 2018 Jun 24. PMID: 29936624 Abstract Author(s): J Cave, A Paschalis, C Y Huang, M West, E Copson, S Jack, M P W Grocott Article Affiliation: J Cave Abstract: PURPOSE: Aerobic exercise improves prognosis and quality of life (QoL) following completion of chemotherapy. However, the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise during chemotherapy is less certain. A systematic review was performed of randomised trials of adult patients undergoing chemotherapy, comparing an exercise intervention with standard care. METHOD: From 253 abstracts screened, 33 unique trials were appraised in accordance with PRISMA guidance, including 3257 patients. Interventions included walking, jogging or cycling, and 23 were of moderate intensity (50-80% maximum heart rate). RESULTS: Aerobic exercise improved, or at least maintained fitness during chemotherapy. Moderately intense exercise, up to 70-80% of maximum heart rate, was safe. Any reported adverse effects of exercise were mild and self-limiting, but reporting was inconsistent. Adherence was good (median 72%). Exercise improved QoL and physical functioning, with earlier return to work. Two out of four studies reported improved chemotherapy completion rates. Four out of six studies reported reduced chemotherapy toxicity. There was no evidence that exercise reduced myelosuppression or improved response rate or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise during chemotherapy is safe and should be encouraged because of beneficial effects on QoL and physical functioning. More research is required to determine the impact on chemotherapy completion rates and prognosis. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2018

Abstract Title: Consumption of Spinacia Oleracea (spinach) and aerobic exercise controls obesity in rats by an inhibitory action on pancreatic lipase. Abstract Source: Arch Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep 29:1-8. Epub 2018 Sep 29. PMID: 30270679 Abstract Author(s): Vandana Panda, Priyanka Shinde, Payal Dande Article Affiliation: Vandana Panda Abstract: CONTEXT: Spinaciaoleracea (spinach) is abundant in antioxidant phytoconstituents, termed as the natural antioxidant mixture (NAO). OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the anti-hyperlipidemicand anti-obesity effects of an antioxidant-rich extract of Spinaciaoleracea (NAOE) and aerobic exercise (AE) in rats fed with high fat diet (HFD). METHODS: Rats received NAOE (200 and 400 mg/kg), the standard drug orlistat (10 mg/kg), AE and NAOEAE (NAOE 400 mg/kg + AE) daily with HFD for 21 d. RESULTS: Orlistat, NAOE and NAOEAE treatments to HFD-fed rats significantly reduced the HFD-elevated food intake, weight gain, pancreatic lipase activity and lipid peroxidation, and successfully restored the HFD-skewed lipid profile and antioxidant levels. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that NAOE exhibited a promising anti-hyperlipidemic effect by its inhibitory action on pancreatic lipase. The combination treatment NAOEAE produced the best results indicating the essential role of exercise along with consumption of antioxidant-rich foods in maintaining a normal lipid profile and controlling obesity. Article Published Date : Sep 28, 2018

Abstract Title: Effects of aerobic exercise and vitamin C supplementation on rhinitis symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients. Abstract Source: Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2018 Aug 13. Epub 2018 Aug 13. PMID: 30118241 Abstract Author(s): Wannaporn Tongtako, Jettanong Klaewsongkram, Timothy D Mickleborough, Daroonwan Suksom Article Affiliation: Wannaporn Tongtako Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Exercise training and vitamin C supplementation have both been recommended as an effective adjuvant treatment in the management of symptoms in patients with many diseases. However, its effects on rhinitis symptoms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise training alone, and in combination with vitamin C supplementation, on rhinitis symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients. METHODS: Twenty-seven rhinitis patients were randomized into 3 groups: control (CON; n = 8), exercise (EX; n = 9), and exercise combined with vitamin C (EX + Vit.C; n = 10). The exercise training protocol consisted of walking and/or running on a treadmill at 65-70% heart rate reserve for 30 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The EX + Vit.C group ingested 2,000 mg vitamin C per day. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, both EX and EX + Vit.C groups increased peak aerobic capacity and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and exhibited significantly decreased rhinitis symptoms, nasal blood flow (NBF) and malondialdehylde levels compared to pre-test. Rhinitis symptoms and NBF after nasal challenge with house dust mite decreased significantly in the EX and EX + Vit.C groups. The EX and EX + Vit.C groups had significantly lower nasal secretion interleukin (IL)-4, but higher nasal secretion IL-2 levels, than the CON group. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly confirms that aerobic exercise training significantly improved clinical of allergic rhinitis and cytokine profiles. Nonetheless, with the limited power of small sample size, whether adding vitamin C is any beneficial is not shown. A larger randomized controlled trial is thus warranted. Article Published Date : Aug 12, 2018

Abstract Title: The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia. Abstract Source: J Sports Sci. 2018 Jul 30:1-8. Epub 2018 Jul 30. PMID: 30058956 Abstract Author(s): Georgina L Kent, Brian Dawson, Lars R McNaughton, Gregory R Cox, Louise M Burke, Peter Peeling Article Affiliation: Georgina L Kent Abstract: This investigation assessed the effect of dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice (BR), on repeat-sprint performance in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. 12 male team-sport athletes (age 22.3 ± 2.6 y, VO53.1 ± 8.7 mL.kg.min) completed three exercise trials involving a 10 min submaximal warm-up and 4 sets of cycling repeat-sprint efforts (RSE; 9 × 4 s) at sea level (CON), or at 3000 m simulated altitude following acute supplementation (140 mL) with BR (HYP; 13 mmol NO) or NOdepleted BR placebo (HYP). Peak (PPO) and mean (MPO) power output, plus work decrement were recorded during the RSE task, while oxygen consumption (VO) was measured during the warm-up. There were no significant differences observed between HYPand HYPfor PPO or MPO; however, work decrement was reduced in the first RSE set in HYPcompared with HYP. There was a moderate effect for VOto be lower following BR at the end of the 10 min warm-up (ES = 0.50 ± 0.51). Dietary NOmay not improve repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia but may reduce VOduring submaximal exercise. Therefore, BR supplementation may be more effective for performance improvement during predominantly aerobic exercise. Article Published Date : Jul 29, 2018

Abstract Title: Psychobiological Responses to Aerobic Exercise in Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Abstract Source: J Trauma Stress. 2018 Feb ;31(1):134-145. Epub 2018 Feb 1. PMID: 29388710 Abstract Author(s): Kevin M Crombie, Angelique G Brellenthin, Cecilia J Hillard, Kelli F Koltyn Article Affiliation: Kevin M Crombie Abstract: Previous reports have shown improvements in mood and increases in endocannabinoids in healthy adults following a session of aerobic exercise, but it is unclear whether adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience similar responses. The purpose of this study was to examine psychobiological responses (plasma endocannabinoids [eCBs], mood, and pain) to aerobic exercise in a sample of adults with a diagnosis of PTSD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 12). Participants engaged in an aerobic exercise session in which they ran on a treadmill for 30 min at a moderate intensity (70 to 75% maximum heart rate [MHR]). Results indicated improvements in mood states and reductions in pain for both groups following exercise, ds = 0.19 to 1.53. Circulating concentrations of N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) significantly increased (ps = .000 to .050) following the aerobic exercise session for both groups. There were no significant time, group, or interaction effects (ps = .062 to .846) for palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG). Although eCBs increased significantly for both groups, within-group effect size calculations indicated the healthy controls experienced a greater magnitude of change for AEA when compared with adults with PTSD, d = 1.21 and d = 0.45, respectively; as well as for 2-AG, d = 0.43 and d = 0.21, respectively. The findings from this study indicated that adults with and without PTSD reported significant mood improvements following 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. In addition, the endocannabinoid system was activated in adults with and without PTSD, although effect sizes suggest that adults with PTSD may have a blunted endocannabinoid response to exercise. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2018

Abstract Title: Which Exercise Is Better for Increasing Serum Testosterone Levels in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction? Abstract Source: World J Mens Health. 2018 Jan 26. Epub 2018 Jan 26. PMID: 29623694 Abstract Author(s): Jeong Kyun Yeo, Seung Ik Cho, Sun Gu Park, Seok Jo, Jeong Ku Ha, Jeong Woo Lee, Sung Yong Cho, Min Gu Park Article Affiliation: Jeong Kyun Yeo Abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the correlations of serum total testosterone (TT) levels with body composition and physical fitness parameters in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) to know the best exercise for testosterone deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven ED patients underwent serum TT assessment as well as body composition and basic exercise testing. The bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess body composition. Seven types of basic exercise tests were used to determine physical fitness. Correlations between serum TT levels and body composition/physical function parameters were evaluated using partial correlation analyses. A serum TT cut-off value was obtained for the parameters significantly correlated with serum TT levels. RESULTS: The subjects had a mean serum TT level of 342.1 ng/dL. Among the body composition parameters, body and abdominal fat percentages showed statistically significant negative correlations with serum TT levels. Among the basic exercise test parameters, only the cycle ergometer test for cardiorespiratory fitness showed a statistically significant positive correlation with serum TT levels. CONCLUSIONS: Serum TT levels in patients with ED, may be increased by reducing fat percentage and improving cardiorespiratory fitness via aerobic exercise. Article Published Date : Jan 25, 2018

Abstract Title: Antidiabetic effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) extract and exercise training on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A positive interaction. Abstract Source: PLoS One. 2018 ;13(6):e0199207. Epub 2018 Jun 19. PMID: 29920546 Abstract Author(s): Graziele Freitas de Bem, Cristiane Aguiar Costa, Izabelle Barcellos Santos, Viviane da Silva Cristino Cordeiro, Lenize Costa Reis Marins de Carvalho, Marcelo Augusto Vieira de Souza, Ricardo de Andrade Soares, Pergentino José da Cunha Sousa, Dayane Teixeira Ognibene, Angela Castro Resende, Roberto Soares de Moura Article Affiliation: Graziele Freitas de Bem Abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests a protective role of polyphenols and exercise training on the disorders of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to assess the effect of the açaí seed extract (ASE) associated with exercise training on diabetic complications induced by high-fat (HF) diet plus streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats with HF diet (55% fat) for 5 weeks and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.). Control (C) and Diabetic (D)animals were subdivided into four groups each: Sedentary, Training, ASE Sedentary, and ASE Training. ASE (200 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage and the exercise training was performed on a treadmill (30min/day; 5 days/week) for 4 weeks after the diabetes induction. In type 2 diabetic rats, the treatment with ASE reduced blood glucose, insulin resistance, leptin and IL-6 levels, lipid profile, and vascular dysfunction. ASE increased the expression of insulin signaling proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and plasma GLP-1 levels. ASE associated with exercise training potentiated the reduction of glycemia by decreasing TNF-α levels, increasing pAKT and adiponectin expressions in adipose tissue, and IR and pAMPK expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, ASE treatment has an antidiabetic effect in type 2 diabetic rats by activating the insulin-signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue, increasing GLP-1 levels, and an anti-inflammatory action. Exercise training potentiates the glucose-lowering effect of ASE by activating adiponectin-AMPK pathway and increasing IR expression. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Antioxidant action of grape seed polyphenols and aerobic exercise in improving neuronal number in the hippocampus is associated with decrease in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide in adult and middle-aged rats. Abstract Source: Exp Gerontol. 2018 Jan ;101:101-112. Epub 2017 Nov 22. PMID: 29174497 Abstract Author(s): S Abhijit, Sunil Jamuna Tripathi, V Bhagya, B S Shankaranarayana Rao, Muthangi V Subramanyam, S Asha Devi Article Affiliation: S Abhijit Abstract: The present study explored the effects of swimming training and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on neuronal survival in the hippocampus (HC) of middle-aged rats along with oxidative stress (OS) parameters. Further, the bioavailability of the GSPE, catechin, epicatechin and gallic acid were measured in the HC and plasma. Male Wistar rats were grouped into: sedentary control, SE-C; swimming trained, SW-T; SE-C, supplemented sedentary, SE-C(PA) and swimming trainees, SW-T(PA). The supplement was a daily dose of 400mg GSPE/kg body weight. Swimming training lasted for 2h/day and for 14weeks. Glutathione level was increased in response to single and combined interventions in the middle-aged rats. Adult trainees showed increased glutathione peroxidase activity unlike middle-aged wherein increase was seen in SE-C(PA) alone. Lowered catalase activity with age in the HC increased in response to the combined interventions although single interventions were also effective. HC from both ages showed decrease in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels in response to the interventions. GSPE constituents were seen in the HC of swimming trained middle-aged and adult rats. The study suggests that combined intervention is effective in decreasing LPO and HOgeneration in the HC. Further, the neuronal numbers and planimetric volumes of CA1 pyramidal layer was significantly reduced in middle-aged rats compared to adults. Interestingly, both interventions enhanced the numbers and volumes in adult and middle-aged rats. Thus, age-associated decrease in CA1 neurons could be restored by both the interventions. The results of the present study will help in developing effective therapies for age-associated degenerative changes and cognitive deficits. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of aerobic exercise on hippocampal volume in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Neuroimage. 2018 02 1 ;166:230-238. Epub 2017 Nov 4. PMID: 29113943 Abstract Author(s): Joseph Firth, Brendon Stubbs, Davy Vancampfort, Felipe Schuch, Jim Lagopoulos, Simon Rosenbaum, Philip B Ward Article Affiliation: Joseph Firth Abstract: Hippocampal volume increase in response to aerobic exercise has been consistently observed in animal models. However, the evidence from human studies is equivocal. We undertook a systematic review to identify all controlled trials examining the effect of aerobic exercise on the hippocampal volumes in humans, and applied meta-analytic techniques to determine if aerobic exercise resulted in volumetric increases. We also sought to establish how volume changes differed in relation to unilateral measures of left/right hippocampal volume, and across the lifespan. A systematic search identified 4398 articles, of which 14 were eligible for inclusion in the primary analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis showed no significant effect of aerobic exercise on total hippocampal volume across the 737 participants. However, aerobic exercise had significant positive effects on left hippocampal volume in comparison to control conditions. Post-hoc analyses indicated effects were driven through exercise preventing the volumetric decreases which occur over time. These results provide meta-analytic evidence for exercise-induced volumetric retention in the left hippocampus. Aerobic exercise interventions may be useful for preventing age-related hippocampal deterioration and maintaining neuronal health. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Subendothelial Matrix Stiffening is Mitigated by Exercise. Abstract Source: Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2018 03 ;9(1):84-93. Epub 2017 Nov 20. PMID: 29159794 Abstract Author(s): Julie C Kohn, Julian Azar, Francesca Seta, Cynthia A Reinhart-King Article Affiliation: Julie C Kohn Abstract: Consumption of a high-fat, high-sugar diet and sedentary lifestyle are correlated with bulk arterial stiffening. While measurements of bulk arterial stiffening are used to assess cardiovascular health clinically, they cannot account for changes to the tissue occurring on the cellular scale. The compliance of the subendothelial matrix in the intima mediates vascular permeability, an initiating step in atherosclerosis. High-fat, high-sugar diet consumption and a sedentary lifestyle both cause micro-scale subendothelial matrix stiffening, but the impact of these factors in concert remains unknown. In this study, mice on a high-fat, high-sugar diet were treated with aerobic exercise or returned to a normal diet. We measured bulk arterial stiffness through pulse wave velocity and subendothelial matrix stiffness ex vivo through atomic force microscopy. Our data indicate that while diet reversal mitigates high-fat, high-sugar diet-induced macro- and micro-scale stiffening, exercise only significantly decreases micro-scale stiffness and not macro-scale stiffness, during the time-scale studied. These data underscore the need for both healthy diet and exercise to maintain vascular health. These data also indicate that exercise may serve as a key lifestyle modification to partially reverse the deleterious impacts of high-fat, high-sugar diet consumption, even while macro-scale stiffness indicators do not change. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: A Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise Improves Motor Skill Consolidation in Parkinson's Disease. Abstract Source: Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 ;10:328. Epub 2018 Oct 22. PMID: 30405397 Abstract Author(s): Simon Steib, Philipp Wanner, Werner Adler, Jürgen Winkler, Jochen Klucken, Klaus Pfeifer Article Affiliation: Simon Steib Abstract: Motor learning is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD), with patients demonstrating deficits in skill acquisition (online learning) and consolidation (offline learning) compared to healthy adults of similar age. Recent studies in young adults suggest that single bouts of aerobic exercise (AEX), performed in close temporal proximity to practicing a new motor task, may facilitate motor skill learning. Thus, we aimed at investigating the effects of a single bout of aerobic cycling on online and offline learning in PD patients.17 PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr 1 - 2.5, age: 64.4± 6.2) participated in this crossover study. Immediately prior to practicing a novel balance task, patients either performed 30 min of (i) moderate intensity (60-70% VO) aerobic cycling, or (ii) seated rest (order counterbalanced). The task required patients to stabilize a balance platform (stabilometer) in a horizontal position for 30 s. For each experimental condition, patients performed 15 acquisition trials, followed by a retention test 24 h later. We calculated time in balance (platform within± 5° from horizontal) for each trial, and analyzed within- and between-subjects differences in skill acquisition (online learning) and skill retention (offline learning) using mixed repeated-measures ANOVA.We found that the exercise bout had no effect on performance level or online gains during acquisition, despite affecting the time course of skill improvements (larger initial and reduced late skill gains). Aerobic cycling significantly improved offline learning, as reflected by larger 24-h skill retention compared to the rest condition.Our results suggest that a single bout of moderate-intensity AEX is effective in improving motor skill consolidation in PD patients. Thus, acute exercise may represent an effective strategy to enhance motor memory formation in this population. More work is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms, the optimal scheduling of exercise, and the applicability to other motor tasks. Further, the potential for patients in later disease stages need to be investigated. The study was a priori registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03245216). Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Aerobic Exercise Sustains Performance of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease. Abstract Source: J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2017 Dec 28. Epub 2017 Dec 28. PMID: 29286983 Abstract Author(s): Eric D Vidoni, Jaime Perales, Mohammed Alshehri, Abdul-Mannaan Giles, Catherine F Siengsukon, Jeffrey M Burns Article Affiliation: Eric D Vidoni Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) experience progressive loss of independence-performing activities of daily living. Identifying interventions to support independence and reduce the economic and psychosocial burden of caregiving for individuals with AD is imperative. The purpose of this analysis was to examine functional disability and caregiver time in individuals with early-stage AD. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of 26 weeks of aerobic exercise (AEx) versus stretching and toning (ST). We measured functional dependence using the Disability Assessment for Dementia, informal caregiver time required using the Resources Utilization in Dementia Lite, and cognition using a standard cognitive battery. RESULTS: We saw a stable function in the AEx group compared with a significant decline in the ST group (4%; F = 4.2, P = .04). This was especially evident in more complex, instrumental activities of daily living, with individuals in the AEx group increasing 1% compared with an 8% loss in the ST group over 26 weeks (F = 8.3, P = .006). Change in memory was a significant predictor of declining instrumental activities of daily living performance (r = 0.28, 95% confidence interval = 0.08∞, P = .01). Informal caregiver time was not different between the AEx and ST groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis extends recent work by revealing specific benefits for instrumental activities of daily living for individuals in the early stages of AD and supports the value of exercise for individuals with cognitive impairment. Article Published Date : Dec 27, 2017

Abstract Title: Aerobic training for improved memory in patients with stress-related exhaustion: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Sep 2 ;17(1):322. Epub 2017 Sep 2. PMID: 28865430 Abstract Author(s): Therese Eskilsson, Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm, Hanna Malmberg Gavelin, Anna Stigsdotter Neely, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk Article Affiliation: Therese Eskilsson Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with stress-related exhaustion suffer from cognitive impairments, which often remain after psychological treatment or work place interventions. It is important to find effective treatments that can address this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects on cognitive performance and psychological variables of a 12-week aerobic training program performed at a moderate-vigorous intensity for patients with exhaustion disorder who participated in a multimodal rehabilitation program. METHODS: In this open-label, parallel, randomized and controlled trial, 88 patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder participated in a 24-week multimodal rehabilitation program. After 12 weeks in the program the patients were randomized to either a 12-week aerobic training intervention or to a control group with no additional training. Primary outcome measure was cognitive function, and secondary outcome measures were psychological health variables and aerobic capacity. RESULTS: In total, 51% patients in the aerobic training group and 78% patients in the control group completed the intervention period. The aerobic training group significantly improved in maximal oxygen uptake and episodic memory performance. No additional improvement in burnout, depression or anxiety was observed in the aerobic group compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Aerobic training at a moderate-vigorous intensity within a multimodal rehabilitation program for patients with exhaustion disorder facilitated episodic memory. A future challenge would be the clinical implementation of aerobic training and methods to increase feasibility in this patient group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03073772 . Retrospectively registered 21 February 2017. Article Published Date : Sep 01, 2017

Abstract Title: Maximal exercise increases mucosal associated invariant T cell frequency and number in healthy young men. Abstract Source: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017 Sep 1. Epub 2017 Sep 1. PMID: 28864849 Abstract Author(s): Erik D Hanson, Eli Danson, Catriona V Nguyen-Robertson, Jackson J Fyfe, Nigel K Stepto, David B Bartlett, Samy Sakkal Article Affiliation: Erik D Hanson Abstract: PURPOSE: Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have properties of the innate and acquired immune systems. While the response to vigorous exercise has been established for most leukocytes, MAIT cells have not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose was to determine if MAIT cell lymphocytosis occurs with acute maximal aerobic exercise and if this response is influenced by exercise duration, cardiovascular fitness, or body composition. METHODS: Twenty healthy young males with moderate fitness levels performed an extended graded exercise test until volitional fatigue. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from venous blood obtained prior and immediately after exercise and were labeled to identify specific T cell populations using flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percentage of MAIT cells relative to total T cells significantly increased from 3.0 to 3.8% and absolute MAIT cell counts increased by 2.2-fold following maximal exercise. MAIT cell subpopulation proportions were unchanged with exercise. Within cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), MAIT cells consisted of 8% of these cells and this remained constant after exercise. MAIT cell counts and changes with exercise were not affected by body composition, VO2peak, or exercise duration. CONCLUSIONS: Maximal exercise doubled MAIT cell numbers and showed preferential mobilization within total T cells but the response was not influenced by fitness levels, exercise duration, or body composition. These results suggest that acute exercise could be used to offset MAIT cell deficiencies observed with certain pathologies. MAIT cells also make up a substantial proportion of CTLs, which may have implications for cytotoxicity assays using these cells. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Does aerobic exercise reduce postpartum depressive symptoms? a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Br J Gen Pract. 2017 Aug 30. Epub 2017 Aug 30. PMID: 28855163 Abstract Author(s): Ruth Victoria Pritchett, Amanda J Daley, Kate Jolly Article Affiliation: Ruth Victoria Pritchett Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is currently no specific guidance on the role of exercise in managing postpartum depression in the UK and US, and international guidance is inconsistent. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on postpartum depressive symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis. There was no restriction to study site or setting. METHOD: The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, SportDiscus, Clinical Trials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched. Titles and abstracts, then full-text articles, were screened against inclusion criteria: RCTs measuring depressive symptoms in mothers≤1 year postpartum; and interventions designed to increase aerobic exercise compared with usual care or other comparators. Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was conducted. Pre-planned subgroup analyses explored heterogeneity. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs were included, with 1734 eligible participants. Exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms when all trials were combined (standardised mean difference -0.44; 95% confidence interval = -0.75 to -0.12). Exploration of heterogeneity did not find significant differences in effect size between women with possible depression and in general postpartum populations; exercise only and exercise with co-interventions; and group exercise and exercise counselling. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides support for the effectiveness of exercise in reducing postpartum depressive symptoms. Group exercise, participant-chosen exercise, and exercise with co-interventions all may be effective interventions. These results should be interpreted with caution because of substantial heterogeneity and risk of bias. Article Published Date : Aug 29, 2017

Abstract Title: Aerobic Training Effect on Arterial Stiffness in Metabolic Syndrome. Abstract Source: Am J Med. 2017 Aug 29. Epub 2017 Aug 29. PMID: 28864036 Abstract Author(s): Ieva Slivovskaja, Ligita Ryliskyte, Pranas Serpytis, Rokas Navickas, Jolita Badarienė, Jelena Celutkiene, Roma Puronaite, Kristina Ryliskiene, Alma Cypiene, Egidija Rinkuniene, Vaida Sileikiene, Birute Petrauskiene, Alvydas Juocevicius, Aleksandras Laucevicius Article Affiliation: Ieva Slivovskaja Abstract: BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome, physical inactivity and central obesity contribute to early vascular aging, which leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to assess the effect of heart rate (HR) targeted aerobic exercise training on the indices of early vascular aging, in particular, arterial stiffness, and on anthropometric and clinical profile of metabolic syndrome subjects. METHODS: 126 metabolic syndrome subjects were randomly selected. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), blood sample, arterial wall functional and structural parameters were obtained before and after the 8 week (84 pts) supervised training program. The age and gender matched control group (42 patients) followed the same protocol, except for the HR targeted training program. RESULTS: In the study group, HR targeted training was associated with decreased aortic pulse wave velocity (8.47± 1.40 vs. 8.01 ± 1.06 m/s p=0.005), HR (p<0.001), systolic (p<0.015) and diastolic (p<0.004) BP, waist circumference (p<0.004), total and low density lipid cholesterol (respectively, 6.42± 1.41 vs. 5.89 ± 1.32, p=0.003 and 4.2 ± 1.18 vs. 3.8 ± 1.21, p = 0.002), and an increase in aerobic capacity (p<0.001). In the control group there was no statistically significant changes of arterial stiffness parameters. Multivariate analysis revealed that reduction of arterial stiffness was BP-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with metabolic syndrome, HR targeted exercise training is associated with BP dependent decrease in aortic stiffness and improvement of metabolic and fitness parameters. Article Published Date : Aug 28, 2017

Abstract Title: Transient endothelial dysfunction induced by sugar-sweetened beverage consumption may be attenuated by a single bout of aerobic exercise. Abstract Source: Microvasc Res. 2017 Jul 31 ;115:8-11. Epub 2017 Jul 31. PMID: 28772105 Abstract Author(s): Pia Varsamis, Guillaume Walther, Bianca Share, Frances Taylor, Simon Stewart, Christian Lorenzen, Jordan Loader Article Affiliation: Pia Varsamis Abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed whether aerobic exercise would attenuate microvascular endothelial dysfunction induced by commercial sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. METHODS: Eleven healthy males participated in this randomized, single-blind crossover study. Cutaneous microvascular endothelial function was assessed using laser speckle contrast imaging coupled with post-occlusive reactive hyperemia before and after a) consumption of water; b) consumption of a commercial SSB; c) 30min of aerobic exercise followed by water consumption; and d) 30 minutes of aerobic exercise followed by SSB consumption. Blood glucose and arterial pressure responses were also monitored. Volumes of water and SSB consumed (637.39±29.15 mL) were individualized for each participant, ensuring SSB consumption delivered 1 g of sucrose per kg of body weight. Exercise was performed at 75% of the maximal oxygen uptake heart rate. RESULTS: Compared to water consumption, the commercial SSB elevated blood glucose concentrations in both sedentary (4.69±0.11 vs. 7.47±0.28 mmol/L, P<0.05) and exercised states (4.95±0.13 vs. 7.93±0.15 mmol/L, P<0.05). However, the decrease in microvascular endothelial function observed following sedentary SSB consumption, expressed as the percentage increase from baseline (208.60±22.40 vs. 179.83±15.80%, P=0.01) and the change in peak hyperemic blood flux from basal to post-intervention assessments (-0.04±0.03 vs. -0.12±0.02 ΔCVC, P=0.01), was attenuated following 30min of aerobic exercise. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that a single bout of aerobic exercise may prevent transient SSB-mediated microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Article Published Date : Jul 30, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of yoga and aerobics exercise on sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Sleep Sci. 2017 Apr-Jun;10(2):68-72. PMID: 28966742 Abstract Author(s): Mohsen Ebrahimi, Tayebe Nazari Guilan-Nejad, Abbas Foroughi Pordanjani Article Affiliation: Mohsen Ebrahimi Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was investigating the effect of 12 weeks of yoga and aerobic exercise (running on a treadmill) on the sleep quality in women with Type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 39 diabetic women were selected from Semnan city with the mean age of 46.85±3.35 years, weight of 69.79±17.18 kg, height of 155.03±5.00, BMI of 29.64±5.00 kg/m(2) who had a background of diabetes for 6.46±2.69 years. They were then randomly divided into yoga exercise (n=15), aerobic exercise (n=13), and control group (n=11). The exercise program was performed for 12 weeks, three sessions per each week. In order to measure the sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used. The data were analyzed by non-parametric wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis Test at significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Overall score of sleep quality improved after six (p=0.001) and 12 (p=0.001) weeks of yoga exercise. Also, significant effect was observed after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise (p=0.039). However, the positive effect was diminished to under significant levels after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (p=0.154). Kruskal-Wallis Test showed significant differences between yoga and aerobic groups after 12 weeks of exercise (p=0.002). No significant differences were observed in control groups in all situation. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that yoga exercise is more effective in improving the sleep quality in comparison with the same course of aerobic exercise in women suffering from diabetes Type 2. Thus, yoga exercise can be suggested to these patients. Article Published Date : Mar 31, 2017

Abstract Title: Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Inflammatory Markers Among Postmenopausal Women. Abstract Source: J Phys Act Health. 2017 Mar 2:1-22. Epub 2017 Mar 2. PMID: 28253046 Abstract Author(s): Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas, Mariana Rotta Bonfim, Bruna Camilo Turi, Nair Cristina Margarida Brondino, Henrique Luiz Monteiro Article Affiliation: Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas Abstract: BACKGROUND: Declines in ovarian function in postmenopausal women may contribute to increase inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to chronic diseases. However, studies have shown that exercise interventions are important to manage inflammatory conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise intervention on inflammatory markers among obese and postmenopausal women. METHODS: 70 women composed the sample (Exercise group [EG; n=35] and non-exercise group [nEG; n=35]). IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 were the inflammatory markers analyzed. Exercise program was 20 weeks long and consisted of aerobic and neuromuscular training. Data about chronic diseases, medication use, dietary intake, body composition and biochemical variables were collected. RESULTS: EG showed significant reductions in body mass index, waist circumference and body fat percentage, as well as increased lean body mass. EG showed significant reductions in TNF-α and significant interaction between group and intervention time. Reductions in IL-10 were identified only in nEG. Substantial effect of exercise intervention was observed with increased ratio of IL-10/IL-6 and IL-10/TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training was effective in reducing inflammation. Thus, implementation and maintenance of similar exercise programs can contribute to reduce chronic inflammation among obese postmenopausal women. Article Published Date : Mar 01, 2017

Abstract Title: Aerobic exercise for Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Abstract Source: PLoS One. 2017 ;12(2):e0170547. Epub 2017 Feb 10. PMID: 28187125 Abstract Author(s): Jill K Morris, Eric D Vidoni, David K Johnson, Angela Van Sciver, Jonathan D Mahnken, Robyn A Honea, Heather M Wilkins, William M Brooks, Sandra A Billinger, Russell H Swerdlow, Jeffrey M Burns Article Affiliation: Jill K Morris Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in the role of physical exercise as a therapeutic strategy for individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed the effect of 26 weeks (6 months) of a supervised aerobic exercise program on memory, executive function, functional ability and depression in early AD. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This study was a 26-week randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of 150 minutes per week of aerobic exercise vs. non-aerobic stretching and toning control intervention in individuals with early AD. A total of 76 well-characterized older adults with probable AD (mean age 72.9 [7.7]) were enrolled and 68 participants completed the study. Exercise was conducted with supervision and monitoring by trained exercise specialists. Neuropsychological tests and surveys were conducted at baseline,13, and 26 weeks to assess memory and executive function composite scores, functional ability (Disability Assessment for Dementia), and depressive symptoms (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia). Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and brain MRI was performed at baseline and 26 weeks. Aerobic exercise was associated with a modest gain in functional ability (Disability Assessment for Dementia) compared to individuals in the ST group (X2 = 8.2, p = 0.02). There was no clear effect of intervention on other primary outcome measures of Memory, Executive Function, or depressive symptoms. However, secondary analyses revealed that change in cardiorespiratory fitness was positively correlated with change in memory performance and bilateral hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic exercise in early AD is associated with benefits in functional ability. Exercise-related gains in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with improved memory performance and reduced hippocampal atrophy, suggesting cardiorespiratory fitness gains may be important in driving brain benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01128361. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Amelioration of Abnormalities Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome by(Spinach) Consumption and Aerobic Exercise in Rats. Abstract Source: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017 ;2017:2359389. Epub 2017 Jul 16. PMID: 28798859 Abstract Author(s): Vandana Panda, Kinjal Mistry, S Sudhamani, Mukesh Nandave, Shreesh Kumar Ojha Article Affiliation: Vandana Panda Abstract: The present study evaluates the protective effects of an antioxidant-rich extract of(NAOE) in abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats. HPTLC of NAOE revealed the presence of 13 total antioxidants, 14 flavonoids, and 10 phenolic acids. Rats administered with fructose (20% /) in drinking water for 45 days to induce abnormalities of MetS received NAOE (200 and 400 mg/kg, po), the standard drug gemfibrozil (60 mg/kg, po), aerobic exercise (AE), and a combination of NAOE 400 mg/kg and AE (NAOEAE) daily for 45 days. All treatments significantly altered the lipid profile and attenuated the fructose-elevated levels of uric acid, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and marker enzymes (AST, LDH, and CK-MB) in serum and malondialdehyde in the heart and restored the fructose-depleted levels of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). A significant decrease in blood glucose and insulin levels decreased insulin resistance, and improved glucose tolerance was observed in the treatment animals when compared with the fructose-fed animals. The best mitigation of MetS was shown by the NAOEAE treatment indicating that regular exercise along with adequate consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as spinach in diet can help control MetS. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2016

Abstract Title: Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Seed Consumption And Aerobic Training Improves Biomarkers Associated with Atherosclerosis in Women with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Abstract Source: Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 5 ;6:37819. Epub 2016 Dec 5. PMID: 27917862 Abstract Author(s): Firouzeh Dehghan, Rahman Soori, Khadijeh Gholami, Mitra Abolmaesoomi, Ashril Yusof, Sekaran Muniandy, Sara Heidarzadeh, Parvin Farzanegi, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Article Affiliation: Firouzeh Dehghan Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of atherosclerosis plaque biomarkers to purslane seed consumption and aerobic training in women with T2D. 196 women with T2D were assigned into; (1) placebo (PL), (2) aerobic training+placebo (AT + PL), 3) purslane seeds (PS), aerobic training+purslane seeds (AT + PS). The training program and purslane seeds consumption (2.5 g lunch and 5 g dinner) were carried out for 16 weeks. The components of purslane seed were identified and quantified by GC-MS. Blood samples were withdrawnvia venipuncture to examine blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), creatinine, urea, uric acid, NF-κB, GLP1, GLP1R, TIMP-1, MMP2, MMP9, CRP, CST3, and CTSS expressions. Blood glucose, LDL, cholesterol, TG, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels in the (P), (AT), and (AT + PS) groups were significantly decreased compared to the pre-experimental levels or the placebo group, while HDL, significantly increased. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA levels of NF-κB, TIMP-1, MMP2&9, CRP, CST3, and CTSS in the (P), (AT), (AT + PS) significantly decreased compared to pre-experimental or the placebo group, while level of GLP1 and GLP1-R increased drastically. Findings suggest that purslane seed consumption alongside exercising could improve atherosclerosis plaque biomarkers through synergistically mechanisms in T2D. Article Published Date : Dec 04, 2016

Abstract Title: Managing knee osteoarthritis with yoga or aerobic/strengthening exercise programs in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Rheumatol Int. 2016 Dec 2. Epub 2016 Dec 2. PMID: 27913870 Abstract Author(s): Corjena Cheung, Jean F Wyman, Ulf Bronas, Teresa McCarthy, Kyle Rudser, Michelle A Mathiason Article Affiliation: Corjena Cheung Abstract: Although exercise is often recommended for managing osteoarthritis (OA), limited evidence-based exercise options are available for older adults with OA. This study compared the effects of Hatha yoga (HY) and aerobic/strengthening exercises (ASE) on knee OA. Randomized controlled trial with three arms design was used: HY, ASE, and education control. Both HY and ASE groups involved 8 weekly 45-min group classes with 2-4 days/week home practice sessions. Control group received OA education brochures and weekly phone calls from study staff. Standardized instruments were used to measure OA symptoms, physical function, mood, spiritual health, fear of falling, and quality of life at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. HY/ASE adherences were assessed weekly using class attendance records and home practice video recordings. Primary analysis of the difference in the change from baseline was based on intent-to-treat and adjusted for baseline values. Eight-three adults with symptomatic knee OA completed the study (84% female;mean age 71.6 ± 8.0 years; mean BMI 29.0 ± 7.0 kg/m(2)). Retention rate was 82%. Compared to the ASE group at 8 weeks, participants in the HY group had a significant improvement from baseline in perception of OA symptoms (-9.6 [95% CI -15.3, -4]; p = .001), anxiety (-1.4 [95% CI -2.7, -0]; p = .04), and fear of falling (-4.6 [-7.5, -1.7]; p = .002). There were no differences in class/home practice adherence between HY and ASE. Three non-serious adverse events were reported from the ASE group. Both HY and ASE improved symptoms and function but HY may have superior benefits for older adults with knee OA. Trial registration The full trial protocol is available at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02525341). Article Published Date : Dec 01, 2016

Abstract Title: Combined omega-3 fatty acids, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents decline in gray matter volume of the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Abstract Source: Neuroimage. 2016 May 1 ;131:226-38. Epub 2015 Oct 1. PMID: 26433119 Abstract Author(s): Theresa Köbe, A Veronica Witte, Ariane Schnelle, Anne Lesemann, Sonja Fabian, Valentina A Tesky, Johannes Pantel, Agnes Flöel Article Affiliation: Theresa Köbe Abstract: Previous studies in older adults suggested beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation, aerobic exercise, or cognitive stimulation on brain structure and function. However, combined effects of these interventions in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unknown. Using a randomized interventional design, we evaluated the effect of combined omega-3 FA supplementation, aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation (target intervention) versus omega-3 FA supplementation and non-aerobic exercise (control intervention) on cognitive function and gray matter volume in patients with MCI. Moreover, we analyzed potential vascular, metabolic or inflammatory mechanisms underlying these effects. Twenty-two MCI patients (8 females; 60-80years) successfully completed six months of omega-3 FA intake, aerobic cycling training and cognitive stimulation (n=13) or omega-3 FA intake and non-aerobic stretching and toning (n=9). Before and after the interventions, cognitive performance, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at 3T (n=20), intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery and serum markers of glucose control, lipid and B-vitamin metabolism, and inflammation were assessed. Intervention-related changes in gray matter volume of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain regions, i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal and cingulate cortex were examined using voxel-based morphometry of high resolution T1-weighted images. After the intervention period, significant differences emerged in brain structure between groups: Gray matter volume decreased in the frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex of patients in the control intervention, while gray matter volume in these areas was preserved or even increased after the target intervention. Decreases in homocysteine levels in the target intervention group were associated with increases in gray matter volume in the middle frontal cortex (p=0.010). No significant differences in cognitive performance or other vascular, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were observed between groups. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that omega-3 FA intake combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation prevents atrophy in AD-related brain regions in MCI patients, compared to omega-3 FA intake plus the control condition of stretching and toning. These promising findings should now be validated in a larger interventional trial. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2016

Abstract Title: The Case for Increased Physical Activity in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Brief Review. Abstract Source: Int J Sports Med. 2016 Apr 26. Epub 2016 Apr 26. PMID: 27116344 Abstract Author(s): R J Shephard Article Affiliation: R J Shephard Abstract: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer, but there is little information on the merits of such activity in the prevention and management of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD). The present systematic review thus documents current levels of habitual physical activity and aerobic and muscular function in CIBD, and examines the safety, practicality and efficacy of exercise programmes in countering the disease process, correcting functional deficits and enhancing quality of life. A systematic search of the Ovid/Medline database from January 1996 to May 2015 linked the terms physical activity/motor activity/physical fitness/physical training/physical education/training/exercise/exercise therapy with Crohn's disease/colitis/ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease, supplementing this information by a scanning of reference lists and personal files.12 of 16 published studies show a low level of habitual physical activity in CIBD, with sub-normal values for aerobic power, lean tissue mass and muscular strength. 3 of 4 studies suggest physical activity may reduce the risk of developing IBD, and 11 interventions all note that exercise programmes are well tolerated with some decreases of disease activity, and functional gains leading to an increased health-related quality of life. Moreover, programme compliance rates compare favourably with those seen in the treatment of other chronic conditions. More information on mechanisms is needed, but regular moderate aerobic and/or resistance exercise improves the health status of patients with CIBD both by modulating immune function and by improving physical function. A regular exercise programme should thus become an important component in the management of CIBD. Article Published Date : Apr 25, 2016

Abstract Title: Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Blood Pressure in Indians: Systematic Review. Abstract Source: Int J Chronic Dis. 2016 ;2016:1370148. Epub 2016 Jul 17. PMID: 27493989 Abstract Author(s): Sonu Punia, Sivachidambaram Kulandaivelan, Varun Singh, Vandana Punia Article Affiliation: Sonu Punia Abstract: Introduction. High blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which accounts for one in every eight deaths worldwide. It has been predicted that, by 2020, there would be 111% increase in cardiovascular deaths in India. Aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking, jogging, running, and cycling would result in reduction in BP. Many meta-analytical studies from western world confirm this. However, there is no such review from Indian subcontinent. Objective. Our objective is to systematically review and report the articles from India in aerobic exercise on blood pressure. Methodology. Study was done in March 2016 in Google Scholar using search terms"Aerobic exercise"AND"Training"AND"Blood pressure"AND"India."This search produced 3210 titles. Results. 24 articles were identified for this review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total of 1107 subjects participated with median of 25 subjects. Studies vary in duration from +3 weeks to 12 months with each session lasting 15-60 minutes and frequency varies from 3 to 8 times/week. The results suggest that there was mean reduction of -05.00 mmHg in SBP and -03.09 mmHg in DBP after aerobic training. Conclusion. Aerobic training reduces the blood pressure in Indians. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Aerobic Exercise Modulates the Free Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Response During Obesity and Cancer Cachexia. Abstract Source: Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2016;26(3):187-198. PMID: 27650984 Abstract Author(s): Alexandre Abilio de Souza Teixeira, Fábio Santos Lira, Gustavo D Pimentel, Camila Oliveira de Souza, Helena Batatinha, Luana A Biondo, Alex S Yamashita, Edson A Lima Junior, José Cesar Rosa Neto Article Affiliation: Alexandre Abilio de Souza Teixeira Abstract: White adipose tissue (WAT) is no longer considered a tissue whose main function is the storage of TAG. Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, several studies have elucidated the important role of WAT as an endocrine organ, the source of the adipokines. The low-grade inflammation observed in obese and cancer cachexia patients is explained, at least partially, by the exacerbated release of proinflammatory adipokines. Despite of the recent progress in the characterization of the various adipokines and lipokines produced by WAT, little is known about the mechanisms regulating the secretion of these molecules in different physiological and pathological circumstances. Chronic exercise is a nonpharmacological therapy employed in several chronic diseases and shows an anti-inflammatory effect through the regulation of the cytokine network. In this review, we address the potential mechanisms by which the aerobic physical exercise modulate the production and release of inflammatory adipokines, as well as the inflammation-lipolysis axis in WAT, with special focus in the therapeutic role of exercise in obesity-associated insulin resistance and cancer cachexia. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2015

Abstract Title: A standardized randomized 6-month aerobic exercise-training down-regulated pro-inflammatory genes, but up-regulated anti-inflammatory, neuron survival and axon growth-related genes. Abstract Source: Exp Gerontol. 2015 Sep ;69:159-69. Epub 2015 May 15. PMID: 25981742 Abstract Author(s): Osigbemhe Iyalomhe, Yuanxiu Chen, Joanne Allard, Oyonumo Ntekim, Sheree Johnson, Vernon Bond, David Goerlitz, James Li, Thomas O Obisesan Article Affiliation: Osigbemhe Iyalomhe Abstract: There is considerable support for the view that aerobic exercise may confer cognitive benefits to mild cognitively impaired elderly persons. However, the biological mechanisms mediating these effects are not entirely clear. As a preliminary step towards informing this gap in knowledge, we enrolled older adults confirmed to have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a 6-month exercise program. Male and female subjects were randomized into a 6-month program of either aerobic or stretch (control) exercise. Data collected from the first 10 completers, aerobic exercise (n=5) or stretch (control) exercise (n=5), were used to determine intervention-induced changes in the global gene expression profiles of the aerobic and stretch groups. Using microarray, we identified genes with altered expression (relative to baseline values) in response to the 6-month exercise intervention. Genes whose expression were altered by at least two-fold, and met the p-value cutoff of 0.01 were inputted into the Ingenuity Pathway Knowledge Base Library to generate gene-interaction networks. After a 6-month aerobic exercise-training, genes promoting inflammation became down-regulated, whereas genes having anti-inflammatory properties and those modulating immune function or promoting neuron survival and axon growth, became up-regulated (all fold change≥±2.0, p<0.01). These changes were not observed in the stretch group. Importantly, the differences in the expression profiles correlated with significant improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in the aerobic program as opposed to the stretch group. We conclude that three distinct cellular pathways may collectively influence the training effects of aerobic exercise in MCI subjects. We plan to confirm these effects using rt-PCR and correlate such changes with the cognitive phenotype. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2015

Abstract Title: Efficacy of aerobic exercise for treatment of chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 May ;94(5):358-65. PMID: 25299528 Abstract Author(s): Xian-Guo Meng, Shou-Wei Yue Article Affiliation: Xian-Guo Meng Abstract: OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis of relevant cohort studies was performed to investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise for the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). METHOD: A range of electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (1966-2013), the Cochrane Library Database (issue 12, 2013), EMBASE (1980-2013), CINAHL (1982-2013), Web of Science (1945∼2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database (1982-2013), without language restrictions. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, visual analog scale, and heart rate, sit-and-reach test, and maximum oxygen consumption were used to evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercise. Meta-analysis was performed with the use of the STATA statistical software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Eight clinical cohort studies with a total of 310 CLBP patients wereincluded in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The results of this meta-analysis indicated that CLBP patients exhibited positive decreases in scores on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (SMD, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.68; P<0.001), Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (SMD, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.67-1.39; P<0.001), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (SMD, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.34-2.37; P = 0.009), and McGill Pain Questionnaire (SMD, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.07-0.56; P = 0.011) after aerobic exercise. It was also observed that aerobic exercise could markedly reduce the visual analog scale score for pain of CLBP patients (SMD, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.48-1.02; P<0.001). Nevertheless, this study's findings showed that aerobic exercise had no effects on heart rate, sit-and-reach test, and maximum oxygen consumption of CLBP patients (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The current meta-analysis provides reliable evidence that aerobic exercise could effectively diminish pain intensity and improve the physical and psychologic functioning of CLBP patients. Thus, aerobic exercise may be a good choice in the treatment for CLBP. Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2015

Abstract Title: The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Abstract Source: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2015 ;14(10):1292-7. PMID: 26556080 Abstract Author(s): Si-Yu Yang, Chun-Lei Shan, He Qing, Wei Wang, Yi Zhu, Meng-Mei Yin, Sergio Machado, Ti-Fei Yuan, Ting Wu Article Affiliation: Si-Yu Yang Abstract: To evaluate the effect of moderate intensity of aerobic exercise on elderly people with mild Alzheimer's disease, we recruited fifty volunteers aged 50 years to 80 years with cognitive impairment. They were randomized into two groups: aerobic group (n=25) or control group (n=25). The aerobic group was treated with cycling training at 70% of maximal intensity for 40 min/d, 3 d/wk for 3 months. The control group was only treated with heath education. Both groups were received cognitive evaluation, laboratory examination before and after 3 months. The results showed that the Minimum Mental State Examination score, Quality of Life Alzheimer's Disease score and the plasma Apo-a1 level was significantly increased (P<0.05), the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognition score, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire score was significantly decreased.(P<0.05) in aerobic group before and after 3 months in aerobic group. For the control group, there was no significant difference in scores of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognition, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, Quality of Life Alzheimer's Disease, Apo-a1 (P>0.05), while Minimum Mental State Examination scores decreased significantly after 3 months (P<0.05). In conclusion, moderate intensity of aerobic exercise can improve cognitive function in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Exercise Plus Cognitive Performance Over and Above Exercise Alone in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Abstract Source: J Alzheimers Dis. 2015 ;50(1):19-25. PMID: 26639954 Abstract Author(s): Guillaume Sacco, Corinne Caillaud, Gregory Ben Sadoun, Philippe Robert, Renaud David, Jeanick Brisswalter Article Affiliation: Guillaume Sacco Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies highlight the relevance of regular exercise interventions to enhance or maintain neurocognitive function in subjects with cognitive impairments. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of aerobic exercise associated with cognitive enrichment on cognitive performance in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHOD: Eight participants with MCI (72± 2 years) were enrolled in a 9-month study that consisted of two 3-months experimental interventions separated by a training cessation period of 3 months. The interventions included either aerobic exercise alone or aerobic exercise combined with cognitive enrichment. The exercise program involvedtwo 20-min cycling exercise bouts per week at an intensity corresponding to 60% of the heart rate reserve. Cognitive performance was assessed using a task of single reaction time (SRT) and an inhibition task (Go-no-Go) before, immediately after, and 1 month after each intervention. RESULTS: The exercise intervention improved the speed of responses during the Go-no-Go task without any increase in errors. This improvement was enhanced by cognitive enrichment (6± 1% ; p > 0.05), when compared with exercise alone (4 ± 0.5% ,). Following exercise cessation, this positive effect disappeared. No effect was observed on SRT performance. CONCLUSION: Regular aerobic exercise improved cognitive performance in MCI subjects and the addition of cognitive tasks during exercise potentiated this effect. However, the influence of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance did not persist after cessation of training. Studies involving a larger number of subjects are necessary to confirm these results. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents the Onset of Endothelial Dysfunction via Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Reduced Reactive Oxygen Species in an Experimental Model of Menopause. Abstract Source: PLoS One. 2015 ;10(4):e0125388. Epub 2015 Apr 29. PMID: 25923465 Abstract Author(s): Viviane A V N Braga, Gisele K Couto, Mariana C Lazzarin, Luciana V Rossoni, Alessandra Medeiros Article Affiliation: Viviane A V N Braga Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that estrogen deficiency, arising in postmenopause, promotes endothelial dysfunction. This study evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise training on endothelial dependent vasodilation of aorta in ovariectomized rats, specifically investigating the role of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS: Female Wistar rats ovariectomized (OVX - n=20) or with intact ovary (SHAM - n=20) remained sedentary (OVX and SHAM) or performed aerobic exercise training on a treadmill 5 times a week for a period of 8 weeks (OVX-TRA and SHAM-TRA). In the thoracic aorta the endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation was assessed by acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively. Certain aortic rings were incubated with L-NAME to assess the NO modulation on the ACh-induced vasodilation. The fluorescence to dihydroethidium in aortic slices and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations were measured to evaluate ROS and NO bioavailability, respectively. RESULTS: ACh-induced vasodilation was reduced in OVX rats as compared SHAM (Rmax: SHAM: 86±3.3 vs. OVX: 57±3.0%, p<0.01). Training prevented this response in OVX-TRA (Rmax: OVX-TRA: 88±2.0%, p<0.01), while did not change it in SHAM-TRA (Rmax: SHAM-TRA: 80±2.2%, p<0.01). The L-NAME incubation abolished the differences in ACh-induced relaxation among groups. SNP-induced vasodilation was not different among groups. OVX reduced nitrite/nitrate plasma concentrations and increased ROS in aortic slices, training as effective to restore these parameters to the SHAM levels. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training, even in estrogen deficiency conditions, is able to improve endothelial dependent vasodilation in rat aorta via enhanced NO bioavailability and reduced ROS levels. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Preventive effects of regular physical exercise against cognitive decline and the risk of dementia with age advancement. Abstract Source: Sports Med Open. 2015;1(1):4. Epub 2015 Apr 17. PMID: 26284161 Abstract Author(s): Thierry Paillard Article Affiliation: Thierry Paillard Abstract: With age advancement, cognitive function is impaired and the risk of dementia is increased under the influence of normal or pathological cortical and subcortical neuronal alterations. Significant researches has been undertaken to analyze the preventive effects of exercise against the decline of cognitive function and the risk of dementia (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), particularly during the past 10 years. The aim of this short review is to report the scientific knowledge, relating to these effects, that has been obtained during the past 10 years. Acute physical exercise raises the cardiac output in response to increased needs for oxygen and energetic substrates compared to the state of rest, which increases the cerebral blood flow. The increased cerebral blood flow triggers various neurobiological mechanisms in the brain tissue. Repeated and regular physiological modifications related to exercise facilitate the synthesis of cerebral tissue. Regular physical exercise (rPE) may thus increase angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters in different cerebral structures involved in cognition due to an increase in the liberation of neurotrophic factors and the production of enzymatic antioxidants. There is an inversely proportional relationship between the amount of physical activity undertaken and the risk of cognitive decline and/or the development of neurodegenerative disease. The synthesis of cerebral tissue under the influence of aerobic rPE may increase the volume of the gray and white matters of the prefrontal and temporal cortical areas as well as the volume of the hippocampus. Moreover, coordination exercise stimulates cognitive function, thereby inducing positive adaptations of cerebral function when regularly practiced. The possible effects of other types of exercise that weakly stimulate the cardiovascular system or cognitive function, such as stretching and strength training, are also beneficial but their mechanistic explanations require further exploration. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Aerobic Exercise Reduces Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Abstract Source: Cogn Behav Ther. 2015 ;44(4):301-13. Epub 2014 Jun 9. PMID: 24911173 Abstract Author(s): Mathew G Fetzner, Gordon J G Asmundson Article Affiliation: Mathew G Fetzner Abstract: Evidence suggests aerobic exercise has anxiolytic effects; yet, the treatment potential for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and responsible anxiolytic mechanisms have received little attention. Emerging evidence indicates that attentional focus during exercise may dictate the extent of therapeutic benefit. Whether benefits are a function of attentional focus toward or away from somatic arousal during exercise remains untested. Thirty-three PTSD-affected participants completed two weeks of stationary biking aerobic exercise (six sessions). To assess the effect of attentional focus, participants were randomized into three exercise groups: group 1 (attention to somatic arousal) received prompts directing their attention to the interoceptive effects of exercise, group 2 (distraction from somatic arousal) watched a nature documentary, and group 3 exercised with no distractions or interoceptive prompts. Hierarchal linear modeling showed all groups reported reduced PTSD and anxiety sensitivity (AS; i.e., fear of arousal-related somatic sensations) during treatment. Interaction effects between group and time were found for PTSD hyperarousal and AS physical and social scores, wherein group 1, receiving interoceptive prompts, experienced significantly less symptom reduction than other groups. Most participants (89%) reported clinically significant reductions in PTSD severity after the two-week intervention. Findings suggest, regardless of attentional focus, aerobic exercise reduces PTSD symptoms. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Association between physical activity advice only or structured exercise training with blood pressure levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abstract Source: Sports Med. 2014 Nov ;44(11):1557-72. PMID: 25047852 Abstract Author(s): Franciele R Figueira, Daniel Umpierre, Felipe V Cureau, Alessandra T N Zucatti, Mériane B Dalzochio, Cristiane B Leitão, Beatriz D Schaan Article Affiliation: Franciele R Figueira Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetes is associated with marked cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the association between different types of exercise training and blood pressure (BP) changes is not fully clear in type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) was to determine the effects of structured exercise training (aerobic [AER], resistance [RES], or combined [COMB]) and physical activity (PA) advice only on BP changes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Searches in five electronic databases were conducted to retrieve studies published from 1980 to 2013. Eligible studies were RCTs consisting of structured exercise training or PA advice versus no intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. We used random effect models to derive weighted mean differences (WMDs) of exercises on absolute changes in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). RESULTS: A total of 30 RCTs of structured training (2,217 patients) and 21 of PA advice (7,323 patients) were included. Data were extracted independently in duplicate. Structured exercise was associated with reductions in SBP (WMD -4.22 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI] -5.89 to -2.56) and DBP (WMD -2.07 mmHg; 95% CI -3.03 to -1.11) versus controls. In structured exercise interventions, AER and RES were associated with declines in BP, and COMB was not associated with BP changes. However, in sensitivity analysis, a high-intensity protocol within COMB was associated with declines in SBP (WMD -3.30 mmHg; 95% CI -4.71 to -1.89). Structured exercise longer than 150 min/week was associated with greater BP reductions. PA advice only was associated with reduction in SBP (WMD -2.97 mmHg; 95% CI -4.52 to -1.43) and DBP (WMD -1.41 mmHg; 95% CI -1.94 to -0.88) versus controls. CONCLUSIONS: AER, RES, and high-intensity combined training are associated with BP reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in exercise programs lasting more than 150 min/week. PA advice only is also associated with lower BP levels. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2014

Abstract Title: Long-term effects of aerobic training versus combined aerobic and resistance training in modifying cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy elderly men. Abstract Source: Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013 Oct ;13(4):928-35. Epub 2013 Feb 26. PMID: 23441809 Abstract Author(s): Nelson Sousa, Romeu Mendes, Catarina Abrantes, Jaime Sampaio, José Oliveira Article Affiliation: Nelson Sousa Abstract: AIMS: The purpose of the present study was to compare different modes of exercise in chronic modification of cardiovascular diseases risk factors. METHODS: A total of 48 healthy elderly men were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group (n = 15, aged 71.7± 4.7 years), a combined (aerobic and resistance) training group (n = 16, aged 68.5 ± 3.5 years) and a control group (n = 17, aged 67.0 ± 5.8 years). Both training programs were of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, 3 days per week for 9 months. Primary outcome measures included body composition, blood pressure and lipid profile. Odds ratios (OR) between hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia were calculated. The independence between risk factors, aggregation and group factor was tested (baseline vs post-test). RESULTS: There was significant aggregation between hypertension and obesity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.24-5.33). After 32 weeks, there was a significant change in the number of hypertensive (χ(2) = 8.1, P = 0.004) and dyslipidemic (χ(2) = 3.9, P = 0.049) participants, and also a favorable modification in the risk factors aggregation (χ(2) = 7.9, P = 0.019), but only in the combined training group. CONCLUSIONS: Combined aerobic and resistance training is more effective in the chronic modification of blood pressure and lipid profile, and in the reduction of total risk factors aggregated. Article Published Date : Sep 30, 2013

Abstract Title: A randomized 9-month study of blood pressure and body fat responses to aerobic training versus combined aerobic and resistance training in older men. Abstract Source: Exp Gerontol. 2013 Aug ;48(8):727-33. Epub 2013 Apr 26. PMID: 23628502 Abstract Author(s): Nelson Sousa, Romeu Mendes, Catarina Abrantes, Jaime Sampaio, José Oliveira Article Affiliation: Nelson Sousa Abstract: This randomized study evaluated the impact of different exercise training modalities on blood pressure and body fat responses in apparently healthy older men. Forty-eight elderly men (aged 65-75 years) were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group (ATG, n=15), a combined aerobic and resistance training group (CTG, n=16), or a control group (n=17). Both exercise training programs were moderate-to-vigorous intensity, three days/week for 9-months. Strength, aerobic endurance, body fat and blood pressure were measured on five different occasions. The data were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA, and the independence between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and group was tested. A significant main effect of group (p<0.001) was observed in strength and aerobic endurance, with higher performance observed in the CTG. A significant main effect of group (p<0.001) and time (p=0.029) was observed in body fat percentage, with a 2.3% decrease in CTG. A significant main effect of time was observed in SBP (p=0.005) and in DBP (p=0.011) for both ATG and CTG. Mean decreases in SBP and DBP, respectively, were 15 and 6 mmHg for ATG and 24 and 12 mmHg for CTG. There was a significant association for SBP (p=0.008) and DBP (p=0.005) in the CTG, with significant individual BP profile modifications. Both exercise-training programs reduce resting blood pressure. However, only the combined exercise training was effective at reducing body fat percentage; consequently, there were larger changes in blood pressure, which result in a significant reduction in hypertensive subjects. Article Published Date : Jul 31, 2013

Abstract Title: Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. Abstract Source: J Appl Physiol. 2012 Dec 15 ;113(12):1831-7. Epub 2012 Sep 27. PMID: 23019316 Abstract Author(s): Leslie H Willis, Cris A Slentz, Lori A Bateman, A Tamlyn Shields, Lucy W Piner, Connie W Bales, Joseph A Houmard, William E Kraus Article Affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: Recent guidelines on exercise for weight loss and weight maintenance include resistance training as part of the exercise prescription. Yet few studies have compared the effects of similar amounts of aerobic and resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight adults. STRRIDE AT/RT, a randomized trial, compared aerobic training, resistance training, and a combination of the two to determine the optimal mode of exercise for obesity reduction. Participants were 119 sedentary, overweight or obese adults who were randomized to one of three 8-mo exercise protocols: 1) RT: resistance training, 2) AT: aerobic training, and 3) AT/RT: aerobic and resistance training (combination of AT and RT). Primary outcomes included total body mass, fat mass, and lean body mass. The AT and AT/RT groups reduced total body mass and fat mass more than RT (P<0.05), but they were not different from each other. RT and AT/RT increased lean body mass more than AT (P<0.05). While requiring double the time commitment, a program of combined AT and RT did not result in significantly more fat mass or body mass reductions over AT alone. Balancing time commitments against health benefits, it appears that AT is the optimal mode of exercise for reducing fat mass and body mass, while a program including RT is needed for increasing lean mass in middle-aged, overweight/obese individuals. Article Published Date : Dec 14, 2012

Abstract Title: Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in resistant hypertension. Abstract Source: Hypertension. 2012 Sep ;60(3):653-8. Epub 2012 Jul 16. PMID: 22802220 Abstract Author(s): Fernando Dimeo, Nikolaos Pagonas, Felix Seibert, Robert Arndt, Walter Zidek, Timm H Westhoff Article Affiliation: Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Sports Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany. Abstract: Regular physical exercise is broadly recommended by current European and American hypertension guidelines. It remains elusive, however, whether exercise leads to a reduction of blood pressure in resistant hypertension as well. The present randomized controlled trial examines the cardiovascular effects of aerobic exercise on resistant hypertension. Resistant hypertension was defined as a blood pressure≥140/90 mm Hg in spite of 3 antihypertensive agents or a blood pressure controlled by ≥4 antihypertensive agents. Fifty subjects with resistant hypertension were randomly assigned to participate or not to participate in an 8- to 12-week treadmill exercise program (target lactate, 2.0±0.5 mmol/L). Blood pressure was assessed by 24-hour monitoring. Arterial compliance and cardiac index were measured by pulse wave analysis. The training program was well tolerated by all of the patients. Exercise significantly decreased systolic and diastolic daytime ambulatory blood pressure by 6±12 and 3±7 mm Hg, respectively (P=0.03 each). Regular exercise reduced blood pressure on exertion and increased physical performance as assessed by maximal oxygen uptake and lactate curves. Arterial compliance and cardiac index remained unchanged. Physical exercise is able to decrease blood pressure even insubjects with low responsiveness to medical treatment. It should be included in the therapeutic approach to resistant hypertension. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2012

Abstract Title: The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. Abstract Source: BMC Public Health. 2012 ;12:704. Epub 2012 Aug 28. PMID: 23006411 Abstract Author(s): Suleen S Ho, Satvinder S Dhaliwal, Andrew P Hills, Sebely Pal Article Affiliation: Suleen S Ho Abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that exercise training improves CVD risk factors. However, it is unclear whether health benefits are limited to aerobic training or if other exercise modalities such as resistance training or a combination are as effective or more effective in the overweight and obese. The aim of this study is to investigate whether 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training would induce and sustain improvements in cardiovascular risk profile, weight and fat loss in overweight and obese adults compared to no exercise. METHODS: Twelve-week randomized parallel design examining the effects of different exercise regimes on fasting measures of lipids, glucose and insulin and changes in body weight, fat mass and dietary intake. Participants were randomized to either: Group 1 (Control, n = 16); Group 2 (Aerobic, n = 15); Group 3 (Resistance, n = 16); Group 4 (Combination, n = 17). Data was analysed using General Linear Model to assess the effects of the groups after adjusting for baseline values. Within-group data was analyzed with the paired t-test and between-group effects using post hoc comparisons. RESULTS: Significant improvements in body weight (-1.6%, p = 0.044) for the Combination group compared to Control and Resistance groups and total body fat compared to Control (-4.4%, p = 0.003) and Resistance (-3%, p = 0.041). Significant improvements in body fat percentage (-2.6%, p = 0.008), abdominal fat percentage (-2.8%, p = 0.034) and cardio-respiratory fitness (13.3%, p = 0.006) were seen in the Combination group compared to Control. Levels of ApoB48 were 32% lower in the Resistance group compared to Control (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: A 12-week training program comprising of resistance or combination exercise, at moderate-intensity for 30 min, five days/week resulted in improvements in the cardiovascular risk profile in overweight and obese participants compared to no exercise. From our observations, combination exercise gave greater benefits for weight loss, fat loss and cardio-respiratory fitness than aerobic and resistance training modalities. Therefore, combination exercise training should be recommended for overweight and obese adults in National Physical Activity Guidelines.This clinical trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), registration number: ACTRN12609000684224. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2011

Abstract Title: Effect of an aerobic training program as complementary therapy in patients with moderate depression. Abstract Source: Percept Mot Skills. 2011 Jun ;112(3):761-9. PMID: 21853765 Abstract Author(s): Pablo de la Cerda, Eduardo Cervelló, Armando Cocca, Jesús Viciana Article Affiliation: Pablo de la Cerda Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an aerobic training program as complementary therapy in patients suffering from moderate depression. 82 female patients weredivided into a group that received traditional pharmacotherapy (Fluoxetine 20 mg) and a group that received pharmacotherapy plus an aerobic training program. This program was carried out for eight consecutive weeks, three days per week, and included gymnastics, dancing, and walking. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory and the ICD-10 Guide for Depression Diagnosis, both administered before and after treatments. The results confirm the effectiveness of the aerobic training program as a complementary therapy to diminish depressive symptoms in patients suffering from moderate depression. Article Published Date : May 31, 2011

Abstract Title: A 12-week aerobic exercise program reduces hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese, Hispanic adolescents. Abstract Source: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Feb ;18(2):384-90. Epub 2009 Aug 20. PMID: 19696755 Abstract Author(s): Gert-Jan van der Heijden, Zhiyue J Wang, Zili D Chu, Pieter J J Sauer, Morey W Haymond, Luisa M Rodriguez, Agneta L Sunehag Article Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. Abstract: The rise in obesity-related morbidity in children and adolescents requires urgent prevention and treatment strategies. Currently, only limited data are available on the effects of exercise programs on insulin resistance, and visceral, hepatic, and intramyocellular fat accumulation. We hypothesized that a 12-week controlled aerobic exercise program without weight loss reduces visceral, hepatic, and intramyocellular fat content and decreases insulin resistance in sedentary Hispanic adolescents. Twenty-nine postpubertal (Tanner stage IV and V), Hispanic adolescents, 15 obese (7 boys, 8 girls; 15.6 +/- 0.4 years; 33.7 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2); 38.3 +/- 1.5% body fat) and 14 lean (10 boys, 4 girls; 15.1 +/- 0.3 years; 20.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2); 18.9 +/- 1.5% body fat), completed a 12-week aerobic exercise program (4 x 30 min/week at>or =70% of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)peak)). Measurements of cardiovascular fitness, visceral, hepatic, and intramyocellular fat content (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)), and insulin resistance were obtained at baseline and postexercise. In both groups, fitness increased (obese: 13 +/- 2%, lean: 16 +/- 4%; both P<0.01). In obese participants, intramyocellular fat remained unchanged, whereas hepatic fat content decreased from 8.9 +/- 3.2 to 5.6 +/- 1.8%; P<0.05 and visceral fat content from 54.7 +/- 6.0 to 49.6 +/- 5.5 cm(2); P<0.05. Insulin resistance decreased indicated by decreased fasting insulin (21.8 +/- 2.7 to 18.2 +/- 2.4 microU/ml; P<0.01) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)) (4.9 +/- 0.7 to 4.1 +/- 0.6; P<0.01). The decrease in visceral fat correlated with the decrease in fasting insulin (R(2) = 0.40; P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in any parameter in lean participants except a small increase in lean body mass (LBM). Thus, a controlled aerobic exercise program, without weight loss, reduced hepatic and visceral fat accumulation, and decreased insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Article Published Date : Jan 31, 2010

Abstract Title: Aerobic exercise increases peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in sedentary adolescents. Abstract Source: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Nov ;94(11):4292-9. Epub 2009 Oct 6. PMID: 19808855 Abstract Author(s): Gert-Jan van der Heijden, Gianna Toffolo, Erica Manesso, Pieter J J Sauer, Agneta L Sunehag Article Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (G.-J.v.d.H., A.L.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Abstract: CONTEXT: Data are limited on the effects of controlled aerobic exercise programs (without weight loss) on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a controlled aerobic exercise program (without weight loss) improves peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and affects glucose production (GPR), gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in sedentary lean and obese Hispanic adolescents. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Twenty-nine post-pubertal adolescents (14 lean: 15.1 +/- 0.3 y; 20.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2); 18.9+/-1.5% body fat and 15 obese: 15.6 +/- 0.4 y; 33.2 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2); 38.4 +/- 1.4% body fat) (mean +/- SE), completed a 12 wk aerobic exercise program (4 x 30 min/week at>or=70% of VO(2) peak). Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose kinetics were quantified using GCMS pre- and post-exercise. RESULTS: No weight loss occurred. Lean and obese participants complied well with the program ( approximately 90% of the exercise sessions attended, resulting in approximately 15% increase in fitness in both groups). Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity were higher in lean than obese adolescents but increased in both groups; peripheral insulin sensitivity by 35 +/- 14% (lean) (p<0.05) and 59 +/- 19% (obese) (p<0.01) and hepatic insulin sensitivity by 19 +/- 7% (lean) (p<0.05) and 23 +/- 4% (obese) (p<0.01). GPR, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis did not differ between the groups. GPR decreased slightly, 3 +/- 1% (lean) (p<0.05) and 4 +/- 1% (obese) (p<0.01). Gluconeogenesis remained unchanged, while glycogenolysis decreased slightly in the obese group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This well accepted aerobic exercise program, without weight loss, is a promising strategy to improve peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in lean and obese sedentary adolescents. The small decrease in GPR is probably of limited clinical relevance. Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2009

Abstract Title: Exercise is good for your blood pressure: effects of endurance training and resistance training. Abstract Source: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006 Sep ;33(9):853-6. PMID: 16922820 Abstract Author(s): R H Fagard Article Affiliation: R H Fagard Abstract: 1. Although several epidemiological studies have not observed significant independent relationships between physical activity or fitness and blood pressure, others have concluded that blood pressure is lower in individuals who are more fit or active. However, longitudinal intervention studies are more appropriate for assessing the effects of physical activity on blood pressure. 2. Previously, we have performed meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials involving dynamic aerobic endurance training or resistance training. Inclusion criteria were: random allocation to intervention and control; physical training as the sole intervention; inclusion of healthy sedentary normotensive and/or hypertensive adults; intervention duration of at least 4 weeks; availability of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure; and publication in a peer-reviewed journal up to December 2003. 3. The meta-analysis on endurance training involved 72 trials and 105 study groups. After weighting for the number of trained participants, training induced significant net reductions of resting and day time ambulatory blood pressure of 3.0/2.4 mmHg (P<0.001) and 3.3/3.5 mmHg (P<0.01), respectively. The reduction of resting blood pressure was more pronounced in the 30 hypertensive study groups (-6.9/-4.9) than in the others (-1.9/-1.6; P<0.001 for all). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 7.1% (P<0.05), plasma noradrenaline by 29% (P<0.001) and plasma renin activity by 20% (P<0.05). Bodyweight decreased by 1.2 kg (P<0.001), waist circumference by 2.8 cm (P<0.001), percentage body fat by 1.4% (P<0.001) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index of insulin resistance by 0.31 units (P<0.01). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased by 0.032 mmol/L (P<0.05). 4. Resistance training has been less well studied. A meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials (12 study groups) on mostly dynamic resistance training revealed a weighted net reduction of diastolic blood pressure of 3.5 mmHg (P<0.01) associated with exercise and a non-significant reduction of systolic blood pressure of 3.2 mmHg (P = 0.10). 5. In conclusion, dynamic aerobic endurance training decreases blood pressure through a reduction of systemic vascular resistance, in which the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system appear to be involved, and favourably affects concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the few available data suggest that resistance training is able to reduce blood pressure. Article Published Date : Aug 31, 2006

Abstract Title: Effect of exercise on blood pressure in older persons: a randomized controlled trial. Abstract Source: Arch Intern Med. 2005 Apr 11 ;165(7):756-62. PMID: 15824294 Abstract Author(s): Kerry J Stewart, Anita C Bacher, Katherine L Turner, Jerome L Fleg, Paul S Hees, Edward P Shapiro, Matthew Tayback, Pamela Ouyang Article Affiliation: Kerry J Stewart Abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of age-related differences in the cause of hypertension, it is uncertain whether current exercise guidelines for reducing blood pressure (BP) are applicable to older persons. Few exercise studies in older persons have evaluated BP changes in relation to changes in body composition or fitness. METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized controlled trial of combined aerobic and resistance training; controls followed usual care physical activity and diet advice. Participants (aged 55-75 years) had untreated systolic BP (SBP) of 130 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) of 85 to 99 mm Hg. RESULTS: Fifty-one exercisers and 53 controls completed the trial. Exercisers significantly improved aerobic and strength fitness, increased lean mass, and reduced general and abdominal obesity. Mean decreases in SBP and DBP, respectively, were 5.3 and 3.7 mm Hg among exercisers and 4.5 and 1.5 mm Hg among controls (P<.001 for all). There were no significant group differences in mean SBP change from baseline (-0.8 mm Hg; P=.67). The mean DBP reduction was greater among exercisers (-2.2 mm Hg; P=.02). Aortic stiffness, indexed by aortofemoral pulse-wave velocity, was unchanged in both groups. Body composition improvements explained 8% of the SBP reduction (P = .006) and 17% of the DBP reduction (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A 6-month program of aerobic and resistance training lowered DBP but not SBP in older adults with mild hypertension more than in controls. The concomitant lack of improvement in aortic stiffness in exercisers suggests that older persons may be resistant to exercise-induced reductions in SBP. Body composition improvements were associated with BP reductions and may be a pathway by which exercise training improves cardiovascular health in older men and women. Article Published Date : Apr 10, 2005

Abstract Title: Regular aerobic exercise training improves endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in patients with impaired fasting glucose. Abstract Source: Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar ;27(3):801-2. PMID: 14988307 Abstract Author(s): Guang-da Xiang, Yun-lin Wang Article Affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Command Wuhan General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Abstract: Regular aerobic exercise training improves endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in patients with impaired fasting glucose. Article Published Date : Feb 29, 2004

Abstract Title: Influence of boron supplementation on vertebral and femoral bone mass in rats on strenuous treadmill exercise. A morphometric, densitometric, and histomorphometric study. Abstract Source: J Clin Densitom. 2002 ;5(2):187-92. PMID: 12110762 Abstract Author(s): H Rico, E Crespo, E R Hernández, C Seco, R Crespo Article Affiliation: H Rico Abstract: We studied the effect of boron supplement on experimental osteopenia caused by strenuous exercise in 93- d-old female Wistar rats. A control group of 15 rats was not manipulated. The exercise group of 30 rats was divided into 2 groups of 15 rats each, one that was fed a diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of boron in the form of Na(2)B(4)O(7), and other that, did not receive a boron supplement. The length and weight were determined in the femur and fifth lumbar vertebra and the bone mineral content and density were assessed through densitometry, and trabecular bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation with histomorphometry. The femur length and weight, and vertebra weight, and femur and vertebra bone mineral content and density were significantly lower and the trabecular separation was higher in the exercise group than in the others (p<0.005 in all). The femur weight, bone mineral content and density, trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness, were significantly higher in the exercise plus boron group (p<0.005 to 0.0001). It was concluded that boron preserves bone mass in rats that have been exposed to intense exercise. Article Published Date : Dec 31, 2001