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Arthritis

Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In some types other organs are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden.

There are over 100 types of arthritis. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. Other types include gout, lupus, fibromyalgia, and septic arthritis. They are all types of rheumatic disease.

Treatment may include resting the joint and alternating between applying ice and heat. Weight loss and exercise may also be useful. Pain medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) may be used. In some a joint replacement may be useful.

Osteoarthritis affects more than 3.8% of people while rheumatoid arthritis affects about 0.24% of people. Gout affects about 1–2% of the Western population at some point in their lives. In Australia about 15% of people are affected, while in the United States more than 20% have a type of arthritis. Overall the disease becomes more common with age. Arthritis is a common reason that people miss work and can result in a decreased quality of life. The term is derived from arthr- (meaning joint) and -itis (meaning inflammation).

  • A one year followup of chronic arthritis following rubella and hepatitis B vaccination based upon analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database.

    Abstract Title:

    A one year followup of chronic arthritis following rubella and hepatitis B vaccination based upon analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database.

    Abstract Source:

    Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002 Nov-Dec;20(6):767-71. PMID: 12508767

    Abstract Author(s):

    D A Geier, M R Geier

    Article Affiliation:

    MedCon, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: This analysis examined the incidence rate of chronic arthritis adverse reactions reported following adult rubella and hepatitis B vaccinations. In this analysis, etiologic mechanisms for chronic arthritis following adult rubella and hepatitis B vaccines were also explored. METHODS: The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database was analyzed for the incidence rate of reported cases of chronic arthritis in comparison to Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and tetanus toxoid adult vaccine control groups. RESULTS: Chronic arthritis adverse reactions following adult rubella vaccination were primarily reported in females (female/male ratio = 3.0), at about 45 years-old, and at a mean onset time of 10-11 days following vaccination. Chronic arthritis adverse reactions following adult hepatitis B vaccination were also primarily reported in females(female/male ratio = 3.5), at about 33 years-old, and with a mean onset time of 16 days following vaccination. The incidence rates of chronic arthritis following adult rubella and adult hepatitis B vaccinations were statistically significantly increased, by chi 2 analysis, in comparison to the adult vaccine control groups. The attributable risk of chronic arthritis following adult rubella vaccine ranged from 32 to 53 and from 5.1 to 9.0 following adult hepatitis B vaccine in comparison to the adult vaccine control groups. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that adult rubella and adult hepatitis B vaccines were statistically associated with chronic arthritis which persisted for at least one year. The etiology for these adverse reactions may involve autoimmune mechanisms. Furthermore, potential biases in the reporting rates of adverse reactions to VAERS were not observed.

  • A relapse of systemic type juvenile idiopathic arthritis after a rubella vaccination in a patient during a long-term remission period.

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    Abstract Title:

    A relapse of systemic type juvenile idiopathic arthritis after a rubella vaccination in a patient during a long-term remission period.

    Abstract Source:

    Vaccine. 2009 Aug 13 ;27(37):5041-2. Epub 2009 Jul 2. PMID: 19576941

    Abstract Author(s):

    Seigo Korematsu, Hiroaki Miyahara, Tatsuya Kawano, Hiroshi Yamada, Kensuke Akiyoshi, Keisuke Sato, Tomoki Maeda, So-ichi Suenobu, Tatsuro Izumi

    Article Affiliation:

    Seigo Korematsu

    Abstract:

    An 11-year-old female patient, whose systemic type juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) had maintained in remission for the previous 4 years while taking only a small amounts of ibuprofen, showed an abrupt 2nd relapse with congestive heart failure five days after receiving a live-attenuated rubella vaccine, which was a primary immunization. Her serum levels of anti-rubella IgM and IgG antibodies increased, and her laboratory findings such as a leukocytosis, elevated serum levels of CRP, IL-6 and other inflammatory cytokine profiles were similar to the findings observed during her previous JIA active stage. After being administration of co-therapy with steroid pulse, ibuprofen, methotrexate and phosphodiesterase inhibitor gradually improved her clinical symptoms such as spiky fever, heart failure and arthralgia. Her intermittent fever and increased serum levels of CRP and IL-6, however, have been sustained for more than 2 years, and this prolonged active clinical course therefore differed from her previous JIA active stage.This abrupt relapse only five days after vaccination was suggested not to be directly related with rubella infection, but instead to be related with the molecular mimicry between rubella and JIA.

  • Arthritis

    Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In some types other organs are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden.

    There are over 100 types of arthritis. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. Other types include gout, lupus, fibromyalgia, and septic arthritis. They are all types of rheumatic disease.

  • Attenuation of collagen-induced arthritis by hyperbaric oxygen therapy through altering immune balance in favor of regulatory T cells.

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    Abstract Title:

    Attenuation of collagen-induced arthritis by hyperbaric oxygen therapy through altering immune balance in favor of regulatory T cells.

    Abstract Source:

    Undersea Hyperb Med. 2017 Jul-Aug;44(4):321-330. PMID: 28783888

    Abstract Author(s):

    Byung-In Moon, Hyung-Ran Kim, Eun-Jeong Choi, Jeong-Hae Kie, Ju-Young Seoh

    Article Affiliation:

    Byung-In Moon

    Abstract:

    Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy is currently used for the treatment of chronic wounds, radiation-induced soft tissue necrosis, several oxygen-deficiency conditions and decompression sickness. In addition to the current indications, much empirical and experimental data suggest that HBO₂ therapy may benefit autoimmunediseases by suppressing immunity, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether HBO₂ prevents the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in association with alteration of the immune balance between pro-inflammatory Th17 andanti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs). Arthritis was induced in DBA/1 mice by intradermal injection of type II collagen. Animals received either no treatment or 90 minutes of HBO₂ (100% oxygen, at 2.0 ATA) daily beginning three days prior to the injection and were monitored for the development of arthritis. Six weeks later, joint tissues and spleens were analyzed for the alteration of immune balance between Th17 and Tregs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Western blot. Injection of collagen-induced extensive arthritis and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleens. Meanwhile, joint swelling and inflammatory tissue damages as well as extramedullary hematopoiesis were significantly less severe in the mice treated with HBO₂. Both IHC and Western blot showed a decrease of FOXP3 and an increase of pSTAT3 expressions in the joints and spleens of the mice injected with collagen. Thissuggested that the systemic immune balance was biased toward Th17 cells, which was reversed by HBO₂ therapy. These results suggested acute CIA associated with an immune balance favoring Th17 was attenuated by HBO₂ in parallel with restoration of the immune balance to favor Tregs.

  • Bad gums could be trigger for Alzheimer's

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    Bad gums could be trigger for Alzheimer's image

    Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and a form of pneumonia could all begin in the gums.

    Bacteria from infected gums has been found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, and scientists have started to understand how it can move through the body from the infected gums and into the brain.

    They suspect the bacteria from gum disease, or periodontitis, could also be a cause of rheumatoid arthritis and aspiration pneumonia, a lung infection from inhaling food or saliva.

  • Chronic arthritis after rubella vaccination.

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    Abstract Title:

    Chronic arthritis after rubella vaccination.

    Abstract Source:

    Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Aug ;15(2):307-12. PMID: 1520764

    Abstract Author(s):

    C P Howson, M Katz, R B Johnston, H V Fineberg

    Article Affiliation:

    C P Howson

    Abstract:

    In August 1991 the Institute of Medicine released a report entitled"Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines"that examined, among other relations, the relation between immunization with the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine strain and chronic arthritis. The committee spent 20 months reviewing a wide range of information sources including case series and individual case reports published in peer-reviewed journals and reported by vaccine manufacturers; unpublished case reports from physicians, parents, and other concerned persons; epidemiological studies; and laboratory studies. There were no animal studies available. The committee found that the evidence is consistent with a causal relation between the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine strain and chronic arthritis in adult women, although the evidence is limited in scope. Proving that rubella vaccination can cause chronic arthritis will require a better understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and additional well-designed studies. We briefly describe the committee's evaluative methods and present the evidence underlying its conclusion.

  • Combating carpal tunnel syndrome

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    Combating carpal tunnel syndrome image

    I've been suffering from tingling, numbness and pain that comes and goes in my right hand. My doctor told me it's carpal tunnel syndrome, probably caused by years of using my computer mouse at work and long hours spent scrolling on my smartphone. I've already taken steps to improve my posture at work, including changing my mouse, and cut down on the amount of time I'm on my phone, but can you suggest anything else that can help? I don't want to go down the drug route.
    J.T., via email

  • Effect of Electroacupuncture in"Zusanli"and"Kunlun"Acupoints on TLR4 Signaling Pathway of Adjuvant Arthritis Rats.

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    Abstract Title:

    Effect of Electroacupuncture in"Zusanli"and"Kunlun"Acupoints on TLR4 Signaling Pathway of Adjuvant Arthritis Rats.

    Abstract Source:

    Am J Ther. 2016 Aug 29. Epub 2016 Aug 29. PMID: 27574922

    Abstract Author(s):

    Zhe-Qing Dong, Ji Zhu, De-Zhao Lu, Qin Chen, Ying-Ling Xu

    Article Affiliation:

    Zhe-Qing Dong

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Previous study suggested that toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway contributes to the development and progression of RA. In recent years, acupuncture has become one of the most vital treatments of arthralgia. But little is known about the mechanisms of improving RA by acupuncture.

    STUDY QUESTION:The study studied the effect of electroacupuncture in"Zusanli"and"Kunlun"acupoints on the expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), and NF-κB in adjuvant arthritis rats to clarify the molecular mechanism of acupuncture of RA.

    STUDY DESIGN:A rat model of adjuvant arthritis was established with injection of 0.1 mL Freund complete adjuvant in the right hindlimb footpad. We next punctured the Zusanli and Kunlun acupoints with 0.25× 40-mm acupuncture needles to 5-mm depth. Then, we performed electroacupuncture treatment for 28 days with frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 2 mA, once a day and 30 minutes each time.

    MEASURES AND OUTCOMES:Arthritis index and paw swelling were measured every week. FQ-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of TLR4, MYD88, and NF-κB.

    RESULTS:Paw swelling of rats injected with Freund complete adjuvant was more serious than that of the normal rats, which illustrated the successful establishment of adjuvant arthritis rat model. After treatment for 14 days, the paw swelling and joint symptoms score decreased, paw tissue inflammation eased in the rats of treatment group compared with the model group during the same period. After treatment for 28 days, the expression of TLR4, MYD88, and NF-κB in the ankle bone tissues decreased at both mRNA and protein levels.

    CONCLUSIONS:Stimulation with electric needle in Zusanli and Kunlun acupoints can reduce the expression of TLR4, MYD88, and NF-κB, which play an important role in treatment of adjuvant arthritis.

  • Exercise Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Arthritis: Evidential Value📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Exercise Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Arthritis: Evidential Value.

    Abstract Source:

    Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 May ;48(5 Suppl 1):607. PMID: 28239223

    Abstract Author(s):

    George A Kelley, Kristi S Kelley

    Article Affiliation:

    George A Kelley

    Abstract:

    PURPOSE:Determine whether evidential value exists that exercise reduces depressive symptoms in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic diseases.

    METHODS:Using data from a previous meta-analysis of 29 published studies that included 2449 participants (1470 exercise, 979 control) with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, a novel, recently developed method, p-curve, was used to assess for evidential value and rule out selective reporting of statistically significant findings regarding exercise and depressive symptoms in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Using the method of Stouffer, z-scores were used to test for selective-reporting bias with alpha (p) values≤0.05 considered statistically significant. In addition, average power of the tests included in p-curve, adjusted for publication bias, was calculated.

    RESULTS:Fifteen of 29 studies (51.7%) with exercise and depression results were statistically significant (p<0.05) while 73.3% had p-values<0.025. None of the results were statistically significant with respect to exercise increasing depressive symptoms in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Statistically significant right-skew to rule out selective reporting was found (z = -5.28, p = 0.99). The relative frequencies of p-values were 66.7% at 0.01, 6.7% each at 0.02 and 0.03, 13.3% at 0.04 and 6.7% at 0.05. The average power of the tests included in p-curve, corrected for publication bias, was 69%. Diagnostic plot results revealed that the observed power estimate was a better fit than the alternatives.

    CONCLUSION:Evidential value results provide additional support that exercise improves depressive symptoms in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic diseases.

  • Food preservatives linked to anxiety disorders

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    Emulsifiers that extend the shelf-life of processed foods change our gut bacteria and could be an unsuspected cause of anxiety and anti-social behaviour.

    The additives—and specifically CMC and P80—cause inflammation in our gut that impacts on the brain, causing behavioural problems, say researchers at Georgia State University in the US.

  • Is arthritis a bacterial infection from a 'bad gut'?

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    Is arthritis a bacterial infection from a 'bad gut'? image

    Is there a link between a 'bad' gut and arthritis? Researchers have noticed that bacteria from the gut can infect an artificial knee and hip—but aren't sure whether they also attack the actual joints that cause the usual arthritic symptoms in the first place.

  • Isolation triggers processes that can lead to multiple health conditions

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    Isolation triggers processes that can lead to multiple health conditions image

    Social isolation doesn't only affect us mentally, it triggers inflammatory processes in the body that can lead to heart problems, arthritis and some cancers, new research has discovered.

  • Local ice cryotherapy decreases synovial interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, vascular endothelial growth factor, prostaglandin-E2, and nuclear factor kappa B p65 in human knee arthritis: a controlled study. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Local ice cryotherapy decreases synovial interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, vascular endothelial growth factor, prostaglandin-E2, and nuclear factor kappa B p65 in human knee arthritis: a controlled study.

    Abstract Source:

    Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jul 30 ;21(1):180. Epub 2019 Jul 30. PMID: 31362785

    Abstract Author(s):

    X Guillot, N Tordi, C Laheurte, L Pazart, C Prati, P Saas, D Wendling

    Article Affiliation:

    X Guillot

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of local cryotherapy in human non-septic knee arthritis.

    METHODS:In the phase I of the study, patients were randomized to receive either ice (30 min; N = 16) or cold CO(2 min; N = 16) applied twice during 1 day at an 8-h interval on the arthritic knee. In phase II, 16 other ice-treated arthritic knees according to the same protocol were compared to the contralateral non-treated arthritic knees (N = 16). The synovial fluid was analyzed just before the first cold application, then 24 h later. IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A, VEGF, NF-kB-p65 protein, and PG-E2 levels were measured in the synovial fluid and compared before/after the two cold applications.

    RESULTS:Forty-seven patients were included (17 gouts, 11 calcium pyrophosphate deposition diseases, 13 rheumatoid arthritides, 6 spondyloarthritides). Local ice cryotherapy significantly reduced the IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, NF-kB-p65, and PG-E2 synovial levels, especially in the microcrystal-induced arthritis subgroup, while only phosphorylated NF-kB-p65 significantly decreased in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis patients. Cold COonly reduced the synovial VEGF levels. In the phase II of the study, the synovial PG-E2 was significantly reduced in ice-treated knees, while it significantly increased in the corresponding contralateral non-treated arthritic knees, with a significant inter-class effect size (mean difference - 1329 [- 2232; - 426] pg/mL; N = 12).

    CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that local ice cryotherapy reduces IL-6, IL-1β, and VEGF synovial protein levels, mainly in microcrystal-induced arthritis, and potentially through NF-kB and PG-E2-dependent mechanisms.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION:Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03850392-registered February 20, 2019-retrospectively registered.

  • Meta-analysis of pain relief effects by laser irradiation on joint areas. 📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Meta-analysis of pain relief effects by laser irradiation on joint areas.

    Abstract Source:

    Photomed Laser Surg. 2012 Aug ;30(8):405-17. Epub 2012 Jun 29. PMID: 22747309

    Abstract Author(s):

    Ho Jang, Hyunju Lee

    Article Affiliation:

    Ho Jang

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND:Laser therapy has been proposed as a physical therapy for musculoskeletal disorders and has attained popularity because no side effects have been reported after treatment. However, its true effectiveness is still controversial because several clinical trials have reported the ineffectiveness of lasers in treating pain.

    METHODS:In this systematic review, we investigate the clinical effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on joint pain. Clinical trials on joint pain satisfying the following conditions are included: the laser is irradiated on the joint area, the PEDro scale score is at least 5, and the effectiveness of the trial is measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). To estimate the overall effectiveness of all included clinical trials, a mean weighted difference in change of pain on VAS was used.

    RESULTS:MEDLINE is the main source of the literature search. After the literature search, 22 trials related to joint pain were selected. The average methodological quality score of the 22 trials consisting of 1014 patients was 7.96 on the PEDro scale; 11 trials reported positive effects and 11 trials reported negative effects. The mean weighted difference in change of pain on VAS was 13.96 mm (95% CI, 7.24-20.69) in favor of the active LLLT groups. When we only considered the clinical trials in which the energy dose was within the dose range suggested in the review by Bjordal et al. in 2003 and in World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT) dose recommendation, the mean effect sizes were 19.88 and 21.05 mm in favor of the true LLLT groups, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS:The review shows that laser therapy on the joint reduces pain in patients. Moreover, when we restrict the energy doses of the laser therapy into the dose window suggested in the previous study, we can expect more reliable pain relief treatments.

  • Psoriasis and mud bath therapy: clinical-experimental study

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    Abstract Title:

    [Psoriasis and mud bath therapy: clinical-experimental study].

    Abstract Source:

    Clin Ter. 2005 Jul-Aug;156(4):145-9. PMID: 16342515

    Abstract Author(s):

    M Costantino, E Lampa

    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: The psoriasis is chronic disease characterized from an acceleration of the kinetic of the cells of epidermis. To front of the empirical evidence of the benefits of the thermal therapy in the psoriasis, the experimentals-clinics studies is insufficient. The aim of research it has been that of quantify the benefits of the mud-bath therapy with mineral water in the psoriasis. PATIENT AND METHODS: The study has been channel on a champion of 30 subjects of which 19 of male sex and 11 of female sex with middle equal age to 56 years +/- 5.3 affected from psoriasis. The subjects of the examined champion have been divided to random in 2 groups: A and B. The group A has been treated with drugs used for psoriasis for 12 days; the B group has been treated, always for 12 consecutive days, with mud-bath therapy (FBT) with mineral water obtained from the mineral sources (chlorinate-sulphureous-bicarbonate) of the Spa of Stabia in Castellammare (NA). To the beginning and at the end of the advised treatments has been valued the prurient symptomatology and the PASI (Psoriasis and Severity Index). RESULTS: The data highlight an significant (P<0.05) reduction is of the prurient symptomatology and of the PASI in both the groups considered. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this first step of investigations seems to highlight that the FBT treatment, to the same way of the drugs anti-psoriasis, results useful in the ameliorate the quality of life of these patients.

  • Qigong Exercise and Arthritis📎

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    Abstract Title:

    Qigong Exercise and Arthritis.

    Abstract Source:

    Medicines (Basel). 2017 Sep 27 ;4(4). Epub 2017 Sep 27. PMID: 28953263

    Abstract Author(s):

    Ray Marks

    Article Affiliation:

    Ray Marks

    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Arthritis is a chronic condition resulting in considerable disability, particularly in later life.

    AIMS: The first aim of this review was to summarize and synthesize the research base concerning the use of Qigong exercises as a possible adjunctive strategy for promoting well-being among adults with arthritis. A second was to provide related intervention directives for health professionals working or who are likely to work with this population in the future.

    METHODS: Material specifically focusing on examining the nature of Qigong for minimizing arthritis disability, pain and dependence and for improving life quality was sought.

    RESULTS: Collectively, despite almost no attention to this topic, available data reveal that while more research is indicated, Qigong exercises-practiced widely in China for many centuries as an exercise form, mind-body and relaxation technique-may be very useful as an intervention strategy for adults with different forms of painful disabling arthritis.

    CONCLUSION: Health professionals working with people who have chronic arthritis can safely recommend these exercises to most adults with this condition with the expectation they will heighten the life quality of the individual, while reducing pain and depression in adults with this condition.

  • Rheumatoid arthritis: does it start in the gums?

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    If an unhealthy gut is the most important factor in understanding the trigger for many diseases, the state of our gums runs it a close second. In a new study, gum disease has been linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the chronic inflammatory disease that affects joints.

    Bacteria from bad gums could be initiating the auto-immune response that causes the joint pain and swelling associated with RA, researchers from the Leeds Biomedical Research Centre have found.

  • Saunas, the hot cure-all

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    Some like it hot. . .and perhaps more should because taking a regular sauna can have a big impact on our health. It protects against heart disease, lung problems, mental health disorders and, not surprisingly with all that, it also helps us live longer.

    If that wasn't enough, sauna bathing also helps improve skin conditions, arthritis, headaches and the flu, say researchers from the University of Eastern Finland.

    The researchers brought together all the previously-published research into sauna bathing, which involves brief exposure to very high temperatures, usually in the 80 to 100 degrees C range.

  • Steroid injections can speed up osteoarthritis

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    Steroid injections can speed up osteoarthritis image

    A steroid injection into the knee or hip may not always be the safe and easy option for the arthritis sufferer. Around 8 percent suffer complications, and the procedure can also speed the deterioration of the joints.

  • The common bond between arthritis and heart disease

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    The common bond between arthritis and heart disease image

    Osteoarthritis and heart disease have one common factor—inflammation. So it's not surprising that people who have arthritis are also more likely to develop cardiovascular disease and die from it.

    The risk isn't enormous; researchers reckon that people suffering from arthritis of the knee, for example, for up to 11 years are 16 per cent more likely to die from cardiovascular disease.

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